The Republic of China
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Transcript of The Republic of China
The Republic of China
Ch. 26 (pp. 764 – 766), Ch. 28 (pp. 812 – 814), Ch. 29 (pp. 841 – 851)
China, Japan and the Western Powers
Post 1850:o China resisted Western influence > became weakero Japan industrialized/modernized > became stronger
Japan Confronts China Japan industrialized to avoid
European imperialism, instead used its industry to create its own empire
Yamagata Aritomao Meiji prime minister interested in
maintaining Japan’s “sphere of influence” in Korea, Manchuria and parts of China• Required
militarization/industrialization in those territories
1894, Sino-Japanese War forced Chinese out of Korea
1905, Russo-Japanese War allowed Japan to occupy parts of Manchuria
Social and Economic Change China
o Largest pop. in the worldo Inadequate farming
methodso Gap b/t rich & poor
Japano Few natural resourceso Growing populationo Rapid industrialization
• Controlled by wealthy zaibatsu
o Dependent on foreign trade• Exported silk/manufactured
goods• Imported fuel/raw materials
Revolution and War, 1900 - 1919
1908, Empress Dowager Cixi diedo Many opposed and sought to
modernize Chinao Sun Yatsen
• Political reformer (democracy, socialism, Confucianism)
• Followers known as the Goumindang (Kuomintang)
• Led failed attempt to overthrow Qing
o 1911, Yuan Shikai (general) used military to overthrow Qing• Established Republic of
China• Opposed Western-style gov.
Revolution and War, 1900 - 1919
During WWI, Japan joined Allied powers to take advantage of German colonies in Asia
Japan also presented China with Twenty-One Demands that turned it into a virtual protectorate
May 4, 1919 (May 4th Movement)o Chinese students demonstrated at Forbidden City in Beijingo In response to Shikai’s weak response to Treaty of Versailles and his inability to
curb Japan’s influence in East Asia
Chinese Warlords and the Goumindang
1925, Sun Yatsen died and Chiang Kai-Shek (military leader) used his army to defeat China’s regional warlords and take control of the R.O.C.o Established corrupt
military dictatorshipo Oppressed peasants
and communists
East Asia, 1930 Depression had
crippled Japan’s export economyo Nationalists sought
a colonial empire to break Japan’s reliance on foreign trade
As Goumindang grew stronger in China, it prepared to challenge the Japanese in Manchuria
The Long March Goumindang faced opposition
from Communists led by Mao Zedongo Humble originso Emphasized importance of peasantso Advocated equality for womeno Used guerilla warfare to harass
Goumindang 1934, Goumindang led offensive
against Communists forcing them to flee 6,000 miles from southeastern to northwestern Chinao Only 4,000 (including Mao) of
100,000 survived the journey
Rise of the Communist Party Sep. 1945, Japanese were forced to retreat from
China Though Goumindang had better
funding/weapons, Mao’s Communists were able to defeat them by 1949 using the support of the peasantso Established the People’s Republic of China