The Renaissance
description
Transcript of The Renaissance
The Renaissance
1450 -1600
THE RENAISSANCE•What does “renaissance” mean?
•A re-birth of what?
The Early Renaissance1400s – 1490s
Where did the Renaissance begin? Why did it begin there? What were the driving factors
behind the Renaissance?
The Italian City-States
What is a City-State?
The Italian City-States
What were the advantages?
The Italian City-States
What were the disadvantages?
The Italian City-States
Florence and Milan were ruled by rival families, the
Medici’s and the Sforza Family respectively.
The Italian City-States
Venice was a Republic, ruled by a Senate which elected a Doge to head the government. The
Doge remained in power for life but the position
was not hereditary.
The Italian City-StatesThe Papal states were run
by the Pope elected by the Bishops for life. The
power of which was diminishing as the
Renaissance ideas of humanism and secularism
were expanding.
Western Schism
Florence, Italy The Cultural Center of Europe in the Early
Renaissance Art Commerce Banking
The Social Structure
POPULO GROSSO: “fat people” – 5% of the population – elite/nobles, wealthy merchants, and manufacturers.
MEDIOCI: middle – smaller merchants and master artisans. SKILLED WORKERS
POPULO MINUTO: “little people” – bulk of the urban population. UNSKILLED WORKERS
The Social Structure
There was some social mobility – Why?
The Medici FamilyCosimo de’ Medici
Carlo di Cosimo
de’Medici
Piero de’Medici
Giuliano de’Medici
Giulio de’Medici [Pope Clement
VII]
Lorenzo “The Magnificent”
Piero de’Medici
Lorenzo de’Medici
Catherine de’Medici [Queen of France]
Giovanni de’Medici [Pope
Leo X]
Cosimo established the Medici Bank and
“unofficially” ruled Florence from 1434-
1464He was a patron of the
humanities and supporter of
Bunelleschi and Donatello among
others
Lorenzo de’Medici was known as
The Magnifient. He was also a
patron of humanities and
supported Botticello, da
Vinci, and Michelangelo
Piero lost control of Florence in
1492. He died in exile
Piero’s son Lorenzo gained
control of Florence back
and ruled at the height of the
Medici’s power over Florence
Catherine de’Medici married Henry of Navarre and became the Queen of France
The Medici Family
Wealthy Banking Family – provided stability
Banished rival clans
Manipulated electoral process
Cosimo’s Grandson – survived an assassination attempt – hours later enemies of the family were hanging upside down from a government building – including the archbishop of Pisa
Botticello was commissioned to paint them as they swung.
The Beginning of the Modern
Banking System The Medici’s set up the first modern
banking system with branches in England and Bruges as well as throughout the Italian peninsula
The Gold Florin became the standard currency in European trade
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF BANKING?
WHAT ARE THE RISKS?INDIVIDUALIS
M
HUMANISM A transition from the scholasticism of the
Middle Ages Revival of Greek and Roman beliefs Appreciation of physical beauty Emphasis on man’s own achievements Secularism PETRARCH – considered the first humanistINDIVIDUALISM
Science and Technology
Influenced by Humanism which encouraged curiosity and questioning of accepted beliefs
Experimentation and observation Define and understand the laws of nature and
the physical world.
INDIVIDUALISM
THE EARLY RENAISSANCE
1400-1490s Patronage of the Medici
family made: Florence the center of
the Early Renaissance Allowed artists to
become successful celebrities
Brunelleschi 1446-1461 8 sided dome of
Santa Maria del Fiore Cathedral
The symbol of Florence
Brunelleschi Devised a way
to draw and paint using linear perspective
“chiaroscuro” – the illusion of 3DINDIVIDUALISM
Donatello David, de Donatello 1430 – commissioned
by Cosimo de Medici Humanism – first free
standing nude statue since ancient times
Civic-humanism
Titian & Giorgione Developed method of painting
with oil directly on canvas Allowed artists to reword an
image which they couldn’t do with fresco painting
Transitioning into the Northern RenaissanceINDIVIDUALISM
DESIDERIUS ERASMUS
Erasmus of Rotterdam
promoted religious toleration
wanted the Church to reform
The High Renaissance
1490s – 1527 Rome replaced
Florence as the center of culture
Pope Leo X – he was the son of Lorenzo de Medici
Michelangelo David 1501- 1504–
became the symbol of Florence
Dominant sculptor of the Renaissance
Humanism – reflected the ideals of the Greek Gods
Michelangelo Pieta, 1498 - 1499
INDIVIDUALISM
Michelangelo The Ceiling of the Sistine
Chapel, 1508 - 1512
Leonardo da Vinci
Mona Lisa, 1503-1506
“Renaissance Man” Artist Scientist Architect Philosopher Engineer
Leonardo da Vinci The Virgin of the
Rocks, 1483 Unparalleled ability to
portray light and shadow
And to portray the physical relationship between figures and the landscape
Leonardo da Vinci
The Last Supper, 1494 - 1498
Raphael The School of Athens,
1509-1511 Learned from
Michelangelo and da Vinci
Humanism – expressed classical ideals of beauty, serenity and harmony
Northern Renaissance
Northern “Christian” Humanism – applied the Classical beliefs and ideals to the traditional understandings of the gospel.
Art was more detailed and more focused on color than in the Italian Renaissance
Sir Thomas More - Utopia
Jan Van Eyck Arnolfini Portrait – 1434 Netherlands Techniques allowed for
deeper and more vibrant color
Considered one of the first painting of “everyday life”
Albrecht Durer Self Portrait, 1500 Germany
INDIVIDUALISM
Hans Holbein the Younger
Portrait of Henry VIII, 1536
German Became the Court
Painter for Henry VIII Humanist
Pieter Bruegel, the Elder
The Peasant Wedding, 1567 Flemish (Belgian)
Transitions of the Renaissance
SCHOLASTICISM HUMANISM
RELIGIOUS SECULAR
IDEALISM REALISM