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Table of Contents

Al-Qur’an: Suratul Mudathir 38-56 ..................................................... 3

Adab: Etiquettes of Trade and Business Transactions ..................... 7

Hadith: Truthfulness ......................................................................... 13

Seerah: Alli & Fatimah ...................................................................... 22

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Al-Qur’an: Suratul Mudathir 38-56

الرجيم الشيطان من باهلل أعوذ

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38. Every soul, for what it has earned, will be retained

39. Except the companions of the right,

40. [Who will be] in gardens, questioning each other

41. About the criminals,

42. [And asking them], "What put you into Saqar?"

43. They will say, "We were not of those who prayed,

44. Nor did we used to feed the poor.

45. And we used to enter into vain discourse with those who engaged

[in it],

46. And we used to deny the Day of Recompense

47. Until there came to us the certainty."

48. So there will not benefit them the intercession of [any]

intercessors.

49. Then what is [the matter] with them that they are, from the

reminder, turning away

50. As if they were alarmed donkeys

51. Fleeing from a lion?

52. Rather, every person among them desires that he would be given

scriptures spread about.

53. No! But they do not fear the Hereafter.

54. No! Indeed, the Qur'an is a reminder

55. Then whoever wills will remember it.

56. And they will not remember except that Allah wills. He is worthy of

fear and adequate for [granting] forgiveness.

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Title

The title chosen by Dr. Wahbatu Zuhaili in his tafseer muneer for

these verses is: The conversation between the righteous and the

criminals

Cause of revelation (سبب النزول)

Verse 52:

Abu Jahl and some groups from Quraysh said: Oh Muhammad!

We will never believe in you until you bring a book from the

heaven for each of us with the title: From the Lord of the worlds

to so and so commanding us to follow you

Source: 383/ 8: المحيط البحر

Explanations

These verses informed us about the event of the Day of

Judgment:

Judgment will be individual. Criminals will be retained for

questioning and punishment while the righteous (after

his/her brief appearance before Allah) will be forgiven of

mistakes and rewarded with bliss.

Judgment will be according to the deeds of individual.

People of righteousness will be saved from punishment

and admitted into the pleasure of Allah while the

criminals will be destroyed due to their corruption in faith

and deeds.

The people of the right side are the believers who will

receive their books (of life records maintained by the two

angels) in their right hands, they will not be retained (as

criminals) to account for their actions since their correct

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believes and many righteousness with sincerity has wiped

out their mistakes with the little left to be interceded for.

In their places in paradise with pleasure and tranquility,

the believers will be shown the calamity and agony of the

criminals in hell as an added visual enjoyment. The

disbelievers enjoyed mocking the believers while the later

obey the commandments of Allah in this life (example:

Q5 v 57 & 58).

The believers will ask the criminals (in order to increase

them in regret and pains): What has caused you to enter

hell? Their replies will be as in verses 42-47

The “certainty” referred to in verse 47 is “death”.

The intercession of whom Allah has permitted to

intercede (the prophets, the angels and the devotedly

righteous believers) will not be extended to these

criminals (who have committed the crimes mentioned).

This is because their fate of inhabiting hell has been

sealed.

Allah ended the chapter with some rhetorical questions

elaborating on the foolishness in turning away from His

clear guidance which the messengers have brought and

some reminders as tonics for those who wish to take

heed. Culled from tafsir muneer by Dr. Wahbatu Zuhaili

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Adab: Etiquettes of Trade and Business

Transactions

Points to cover include:

A. Virtues and allurement to trade and business

B. Etiquettes of trade

C. Artisanship

D. The permitted and prohibited of trade and

business

1. A Muslim must view Trade and business transaction as:

a. A means of seeking livelihood

b. A cause to seek the pleasure of Allah

2. In Q78:11 and Q7:10 Allah mentioned that He has made

provision in nature for men to trade as a blessing that

requires better utilization and gratitude.

3. In Q2:198 Allah mentioned how direct worship and trade

should be managed

4. In Sahih Bukhari, the prophet (SAW) said: the best food

for a man to consume is that which he obtained from the

gains of his work/struggle.

5. The prophet (SAW) also said that prophet Dawud (AS) will

like to eat from the gain of his handwork.

6. Ibn Abbas (RA) said: Our Father Adam (AS) is a farmer;

Prophet Nuh (AS) a carpenter; Prophet Idrees (AS) a

tailor; Prophets Ibraheem and Lut (AS) were farmers;

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Prophet Soolih (AS) a trader; Prophet Dawud (AS) an

ironsmith; Prophets Musa, Shuaib and Muhammad (AS)

were shepherds.

7. (Prophet) Luqman once advised his son on seeking means

of sustenance through trade to save himself from three:

(1) disgrace to his religion (2) weakness in intellect (3) loss

of dignity or inability to protect his dignity. The worst of

the three is the last.

8. Imam Ahmad ibn Hambal was asked about one man who

chose to remain devoted to worship in the mosque and

not work. He replied that the man has acted on

ignorance. He continues by saying that Allah has placed

my sustenance under my spear. The Muslim warriors

occupied in jihad strategies and execution to defend

Islam will gain their sustenance from war booty.

9. Seeking means of sustenance and livelihood is part of

every moving creature. An example of the birds that

scout the surface of the earth for food while flying in the

air. It is a routine activity.

10. The companions of the prophet were devoted

worshippers of Allah yet they will source for sustenance

and livelihood on the land and on the sea, indicating their

view of seeking sustenance as a type of worship

11. Abu Darda’ was reported to have said that he had

difficulty in combining worship and trade and he chose

worship and left trade. The explanation is that the intent

for work is not just for the sake of working to accumulate

wealth but rather (1) to seek the pleasure of Allah

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(2) to protect the dignity of oneself from the abuse of

joblessness (3) to sustain one’s family and prevent them

from the lowliness of begging (4) to attain a significant

status of recognition among the family. Once these aims

have been achieved then the intent of trade and

transactions will be considered accomplished. Hence,

leaders of an Islamic state and the scholars may suffice

themselves with the noble task of administration and

scholarship training while their needs were been catered

for by government.

12. Any trade and business transactions must comply with

the following requirements: (1) it must be in line with

what is permitted in the Shariah of Islam (2) Justice must

be established with it (3) it must be for some goodness or

benefit (4) it must not prevent the practice/establishment

of the religion.

13. Trade has the following pillars: (1) the buyer or the seller

(2) the item of trade/business itself (3) the statement or

conclusion of transactions

14. The buyer or seller: (1) must be of sound mind (not

insane) (2) must not be a slave (except after confirmation

from his/her master to buy or sell) (3) must not be a

youngster (except with a written instruction from his

parent/guardian to buy from him or sell to him).

15. It is permissible to sell to or buy from a blind person if the

later can describe the product of the trade.

16. It is not permissible to buy from one who is known to

steal other people’s property.

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17. The item of trade: (1) it must be what is permitted in the

Shariah (2) it must not support vices and corruption (eg,

fireworks, xmas tree, cigarette, etc) (3) it must be an

existing and present item. i.e, a flying bird cannot be sold

until it is caught; a foetus of animal cannot be sold until it

is born (4) it must be definite and specific (by accurate

description or appreciation) (5) it must not cause harm

(eg, a breastfeeding animal cannot be sold without its

mother, the mother cannot be sold without the child) (6)

it must be present at the point of sale (except large

goods, i.e, stored in the warehouse, airplane on the

airport; a document of authorization to pick-up the goods

must be issued after payment).

18. Concerning online shopping, the “pay on delivery” is the

most suitable option. The goods will be examined and

appreciated by the buyer, the payment will be made and

the transaction will be concluded with mutual satisfaction

on a face-to-face basis).

19. The statement of transaction: Both the buyer and the

seller must issue a definite, clear and conclusive

statement of interest to buy or sell by spoken or written

expressions. Note: This type of definite statement is

common to most contracts in Islam, e.g., marriage.

20. Trade or business involving usury is invalid and cursed.

Any agreement on such will also be invalid.

21. A Muslim trader, artisan or business owner must

understand the rules of the Shariah governing the type of

his chosen trade or profession.

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22. Injustice associated with trade and business

transactions: There are some tactics of trade and

business transactions understood by the traders and

artisans. These tactics can be manipulated to cause harm

and injustice. A Muslim trader or artisans must be careful

on the following:

i. Hoarding: it is impermissible to cause artificial

scarcity by stockpiling valuable common public items

until they become rare with the intention to hike the

price. However, it is permissible to preserve and store

excess produce until when the people are in need.

ii. Cheating/Deception: The intent here is when the

seller hides the defect of the item of sale or service in

order to gain a value above it’s worth. This also

includes exploiting on the buyers’ surprise at the

availability of the item. It is also not permissible to

mix items of low quality with high one. The prophet

(SAW) said: Whoever deceives us is not from us (ie. is

not having our standard).

iii. An-Najas: This is a type of support or cooperation to

cheat/deceive the buyer. This is when the seller has

negotiated with his colleague to support him on the

description of the item of sale during the transaction

until the buyer succumbs to their description and

buys the product at a cost that is not its’ worth. Like

the supporter saying: “you cannot get this product

elsewhere for a price better than this”

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23. Goodness and mercy in trade: it is important that a

trader be gentle and merciful and accepts sold goods

from the buyer if the later has a valid reason for the

return. This reason may include the buyer having other

urgent need to attend to with the money other than what

he has bought. If the time of purchase is reasonably short

and the item is undamaged, the seller should consider

accepting the return as a benevolent gesture to save the

buyer from distress. This is because the ultimate intent of

trade is not for profit but for seeking the pleasure of Allah

through obeying his commands and making livelihood

easy by participating in the unavoidable human needs

contained in trade.

In conclusion, the trader must understand the following points to

succeed in the accomplishment of the aforementioned (1)

Sincere intention (2) to consider it as fard kifaayah (collective

obligation) (3) the market of this world must not hinder us from

the market of the hereafter (mosque) (4) the remembrance of

Allah should be part of trade and business (5) we should not be

the first to enter the market and the last to leave (6) must not

involve himself in what is doubtful.

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Hadith: Truthfulness

عن عبد اهلل بن مسعود، قال: قال رسول اهلل صلى اهلل ، وإن البر ي هدي إلى »عليه وسلم: دق بر إن الص

دق، حتى يكتب عند الجنة، وإن العبد ليتحرى الصيقا، وإن الكذب فجور، وإن الفجور ي هدي اهلل صد

إلى النار، وإن العبد ليتحرى الكذب، حتى يكتب ابا «كذ

Translation

Abdullah ibn Mas’ud reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace

and blessings be upon him, said, “Verily, truthfulness leads to

righteousness and righteousness leads to Paradise. A man may

speak the truth until he is recorded with Allah as truthful.

Verily, falsehood leads to wickedness and wickedness leads to

the Hellfire. A man may tell lies until he is recorded with Allah

as a liar.”

Sahih Muslim 2607

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Explanation

Imam Nawawi explained that taking and implementing the

messages from the hadith will not be easy except with sincere

determination. This statement of the imam is especially true with

the type of society we live in today.

Understanding of Truth:

Truth is the opposite of falsehood. A statement will be

considered true only if it conforms accurately to the situation or

event it describes. For example, a man that is about to enter a

home will not be considered to have said the truth if he informed

his caller (on a phone call) that he is in the home. The

information must be accurate and exact according to the best of

the person’s knowledge.

Truth is an integral part of faith. A character of believer

Among the believers are men true to what they promised Allah.

Among them is he who has fulfilled his vow [to the death], and among

them is he who awaits [his chance]. And they did not alter [the terms

of their commitment] by any alteration –

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That Allah may reward the truthful for their truth and punish the

hypocrites if He wills or accept their repentance. Indeed, Allah is ever

Forgiving and Merciful.

(Q33:23-24)

119. O You who believe! be afraid of Allâh, and be with those who are

true (in Words and deeds) .

(Q9:119)

21. obedience (to Allâh) and good Words (were better for them). and

when the matter (preparation for Jihâd) is resolved on, Then if they

had been true to Allâh, it would have been better for them.

(Q47:21)

A high rank with Allah

69. and whoso obeys Allâh and the Messenger (Muhammad), Then

they will be In the company of those on whom Allâh has bestowed his

Grace, of the Prophets, the Siddiqûn (those followers of the Prophets

who were first and foremost to believe In them, like Abu Bakr

As­Siddiq ), the martyrs, and the righteous. and How excellent These

companions are!

(Q4:69)

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A believer cannot be a liar

Safwan ibn Sulaym said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him

and grant him peace, was asked, 'Can a believer be a coward?' He said,

'Yes.' He was asked, 'Can a believer be a miser?' He replied, 'Yes.' He

was asked, 'Can a believer be a liar?' He said, 'No.'"

(Imam Malik, Mishkaat)

Part of a success chain

Abdullahi ibn Abbas said: Four things were inseparable from

each other

Truth

Haya’ (Modesty)

Bir (righteousness)

Shukr (Gratitude)

Manifestations of Truth

1. Truthfulness of the tongue (sidqu lisaan): This is when

the tongue always utters statements that give the actual

description of the reality, it may not necessarily be

correct for absolute flawlessness is only with Allah.

2. Truthfulness of intention (sidqu niyyah wal iraada): This

is when the sayings, actions, involvement and abstention

are only for the sake of Allah. This type of truthfulness is

necessary to continue on the commandments of Allah

and keep away from what He has prohibited, especially in

the kind of society we live in today.

3. Truthfulness of determination (sidqul azm): This will be

established by steadfastness, perseverance for the sake

of Allah. For example, a fellow trader may continue to

accumulate gains through cheating and deceit, but you

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cannot, if you are sincere in your determination to always

stand by the truth.

4. Truthfulness in deeds/actions:

2. O You who believe! why do You Say that which You do not do?

3. Most hateful it is with Allâh that You Say that which You do not do.

5. Truthfulness to deliver trust (sidqul waffaa):

8. And they who are to their trusts and their promises attentive

(Q23:8)

Types of Truth

1. Truthfulness with Allah: This is the foundation of Truth.

Allah has created us with the natural instinct to recognize

and worship Him. Shaytan is striving to corrupt this trait

and lead us astray. Allah sent prophets and messengers

to re-establish the truth with the clearest proofs. Anyone

who turns away from this manifest guidance has

demonstrated the highest level of falsehood. This will

lead to oppression on others. Upholding the Book of Allah

is a demonstration of truthfulness

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43. So adhere to that which is revealed to you. Indeed, you are on a

straight path.

44. And indeed, it is a remembrance for you and your people, and you

[all] are going to be questioned.

(Q43:43-44)

124. and whoever does righteous good deeds, male or female, and is a

true believer In the Oneness of Allâh (Muslim), such will enter Paradise

and not the least injustice, even to the size of a Naqîra (speck on the

back of a date­stone), will be done to them.

A Bedouin Arab embraced Islam and fought in jihad, he sustained

a wound from an arrow shot on the battlefield, the prophet gave

him his share from the war booty but he said “I did not fight

because of this, my intention is martyrdom to gain the reward of

Allah” the prophet said “if you are truthful and sincere, Allah will

make that evident and grant you your reward in full”, shortly

afterwards, the man was martyred in another battle, the prophet

said “he ascertained his truthfulness with Allah and Allah will

surely reward him accordingly”

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2. Truthfulness with the prophet: This includes believe in

him and following him, not to innovate in the religion and

not to corrupt his message/sunnah.

Imam Bukhari once travelled to a scholar to collect some

hadiths from him. During his stay, the scholar used a food

basket as bait to catch his donkey. Imam Bukhari

witnessed this event and made a statement “I cannot rely

on a report from the one who tricked an animal”.

3. Truthfulness with the people:

اري تمم عن أن الد ب ه للاه صلى الن نه»: قال وسلم، عل صحةه الد : قهل نا «الن

؟ »: قال لمن وله ولكتابه لل ة ولرسه لمن ولئم تهم ال مهس «وعام

Tameem ad-Dari (RA) said: “The Prophet(SAW) said,

(three times), “The Religion is naseeha (sincerity and

sincere advice).” We said, “To whom?” He said, “To

Allaah, His Book, His Messenger, and to the leaders of the

Muslims and the general people.”

[Saheeh Muslim No.55]

4. Truthfulness in trade: Swearing in trade to deceive

people remove the Barakah in it. No over emphasis on

the quality of goods, don’t hide the defects in goods.

Don’t mix items of low quality with high ones.

5. Truthfulness in witness: This includes court witness.

Election balloting is also a type of witness. False witness is

a serious violation of this principle.

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د عن من عب ح ن الر رة، أب ب أبه عن بك ه رض، للا هه قال: قال عن ب الن

ه للاه صلى م أل»: وسلم عل ئهكه بر أهنب ا بلى: قالهوا ثالثا،« الكبائر؟ بأك

ول ، رسه راكه: »قال للا ، اإلش قهوقه بالل ن وعه كئا وكان وجلس - الوالد ت مه

له أل - فقال ور وقو ها زال فما: قال ،«الز ره نا حتى هكر تهه: قهل سكت ل (Bukhari no. 2654)

6. Truthfulness in jokes and play: while Islam permits

limited jokes and riddles, it prohibits any lies associated in

the name of play. A Muslim cannot attend the “nite of a

thousand laughs” organized today where situations are

being imagined and fabricated for the sake of laughter.

ثنا ده حد حم نه مه ار ب ثنا: قال بش ى حد ح نه ثنا: قال سعد ب زه حد نه به ب

ثن: قال حكم ي، عن أب، حد ته: قال جد سمع ب ه صلى النه للا عل

قهوله وسلم ل »: ثه للذي و حك بالحدث هحد هض م به ل ، القو ذبه ك ل ف و

ل لهه «لهه و (Tirmithy 4/557)

Islam permits only jokes that print the true reality

A woman once came to the prophet to discuss some issue

about her husband; the prophet said: “are you talking about

your husband who has whiteness in his eyes?” the woman

was surprised and said “no”. The prophet said “is it not that

every human being has whiteness in their eyes!. The woman

laughed.

7. Truthfulness with the children: Whatever we promise a

child we must fulfill it. Promises to them are like promises

to adult.

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8. Truthfulness in family matters: Affairs of the home

should be disposed in truth, between the husband, wife

and children.

Some permissibility

After the aforementioned however, with careful regulations, a

Muslim may be permitted to say what is apparently incorrect as

part of a strategy to victory or peace.

اب ليس " . " خيرا يق ول أو خيرا، فينمي الناس، بين ي صلح الذي الكذ

Narrated Um Kulthum bint `Uqba:

That she heard Allah's Messenger (SAW) saying, "He who makes

peace between the people by inventing good information or saying

good things, is not a liar."

(Sahih al-Bukhari 2692)

In war:

To reconcile between quarreling parties:

Sarcastic husband:

To avert harm

A case study

Hajaaj and his trickery with the Quraysh on khaybar victory.

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Seerah: Alli & Fatimah

Alli (radiyallahu anhu)

Facts and figures

His names and nicknames

Name: Ali ibn Abi Taalib ibn Abdulmmutalib.

Nickname:

Abu turoob (father of sand): This nickname was given to

him by the prophet. One day, Ali had a disagreement with

his wife Fatima, so he left the home and went to lie down

on his back on the floor of the mosque near a pillar. The

prophet approached him and said “sit down!

Abu turoob”. Being a pronouncement by the prophet, it

became the most beloved nickname for him.

Father of the prophet grandsons

Alli ibn Abi Taalib ibn Abdulmutalib

Father Abi Taalib ibn Abdulmutalib

Mother Fatima bint Asad

Birthplace At the gate of the Ka’abah

Caliphacy tenure 656–661

Nicknames Abu Turoob

Died 21st Ramadan 40 AH

(Jan. 27, 661 CE)

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His birth and upbringing

Born at the gate of kaabah 10 yrs before the prophet was

commissioned as a prophet by Allah.

He never prostrated to any idol.

His father Abi Talib was very honourable among the

Quraysh.

His father was very generous

The Quraysh will give gifts to his father as part of their

honour for him.

His father had determination

Ali ibn Abi Talib inherited all these noted characteristics.

The prophet consulted his uncle Abbas on how they both

could assist Abi Talib on his large family. The prophet

took care of Ali and Abbas took care of Ja’far.

Notable qualities

First to accept Islam among the youths: since he lived in

the house of the prophet, he was opportuned to be

among the first to appreciate and accept the message.

First to pray together with the prophet: also, as a male

among the household of the prophet, he was the first

person to observe solat together with the prophet.

The chosen pair companion of the prophet: When the

prophet arrived Madinah, he established brotherhood by

paring his companions, one muhaajir to one ansar, as

part of administrative and religious establishment.

A trustee of the prophet: When the prophet embarked

on the hijrah, he delegated him to sleep on his bed and

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wait behind in order to return the items kept in trust with

the prophet to their original owners. When he was asked

why he accepted to deliver this task for the prophet, he

replied “when the prophet said I should deliver the task

and return to him in Madinah, I knew for sure that I will

not be consumed by the dangers in it”. This is a clear

demonstration of his faith in the sacredness of the

prophet’s speech.

One among the 10 promised paradise: The prophet

(SAW) mentioned 10 of his companions by name and

conveyed the pleasure of Allah to them on the assurance

of their paradise with Allah. Ali ibn Abi Talib wjas one of

them. Reference: tobaqoot ibn saad, vol. 3 pg. 19

His mother

The name of his mother is Fatima ibn Assad

She accepted Islam and migrated (on the hijrah).

The prophet led the funeral proceedings after her death.

Notable characteristics

He lived an ascetic life: The simplicity in his lifestyle

astonishes.

He was a brave and courageous: He participated in all

battles except Tabook because the prophet charged him

to look after Madinah.

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A knowledgeable companion: He once said “No ayah was

revealed in the Qur’an except that I knew when and on

what it was revealed”

Fatimah bintu Rosulullah The leader of women in this life and in paradise.

Daughter of the Prophet (SAW), grew up in the house of

revelation and knowledge under the care of her father

who later became the Prophet of Allah.

She was the most beloved to the Prophet.

The Prophet will stand up to embrace and kiss her. The

Prophet once said “whoever harms her has caused me

harm”.

The Prophet once called Ali and Fatimah and said: You are

both of my family

The prophet married her to Ali at the age of 15

She and her husband once concluded to make a request

for a housemaid from the prophet. The prophet

substituted the request with some tasbeehaat.

The prophet confided in her when he was dying: (1) Jubril

has informed me that I will not recover from my illness

(2) you will be the first among my family to join me.

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