The Religion in Globalization
description
Transcript of The Religion in Globalization
![Page 1: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Religion in
Globalization
Legitimacy, Natural Law and Empire
![Page 2: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Globalization: What Is It?
universal exchange
or communication
of…
![Page 3: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Exchange & communication of• Goods, • services,• People,• information, • Capital,• Fashion,• Languages, • cultures , etc.
• across boarders,
• into territories of others,
• without limit
![Page 4: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Beyer tells us to “get real”
For Beyer, technology & practice are critical:
1.“potential for worldwide communication”
2.“translated into actual practice”
![Page 6: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Like this….
![Page 7: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
So, How Did Globalization Happen?
![Page 8: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Is Globalization “Natural”?
I mean…
![Page 9: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
#1. Have we, humans, always
sought to communicate widely with each
other, moved about globally, traded with each other, invaded other territories
from the very beginning ?
![Page 10: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Or, #2, have we preferred,
or been required, to live
in relatively isolated, self-sustaining groups,
inside our own territories?
![Page 11: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Put otherwise, #3,have we always sought,
or had to be, in the widest possible
communication with others?
![Page 12: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Or, #4, have we preferred
NOT to be, or been UNable
to extend and perfect, universal communication
with one another ?
![Page 13: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Answer
All of the above
![Page 14: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Much of human history has been lived in small, isolated communities
![Page 15: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Or, Today’s “Hermit” States
MyanmarPeople’s Republic of
Korea
![Page 16: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Human history has also been lived in cosmopolitan cities,too.
![Page 17: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
But, How Did Cities and Villages Get There,
Rather than Elsewhere?
We Were GlobalFrom the Beginning
![Page 18: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Out of Africa, & Going Global
“Eve” 150,00 years ago “Adam” 10, 000 years ago
![Page 19: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
how we got here from there…
all over the map To Svetlogorsk
150k – 31k years ago
![Page 20: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
www.nationalgeographic.com/genographic
![Page 21: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Globalization, Indo-European Style3,000 BCE
(from Novocherkassk?!)
![Page 22: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
How Were Such Movements Justified?(Aren’t They Incursions or Invasions?)“African Genesis”
Is Really an African “Incursion”?
No Idea. We Must Guess????????????
Maybe, we had just “space” but no “places”?
“Novochercasskian Genesis”
Is Really anAryan “Invasion”
Hard to Answer, Too.???????????????
Another Guess? Maybe, we were not so tribal?
![Page 23: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Review #1• There was an ancient globalization, yes• But, there was minimal communication in
“actual practice.”• Therefore, no globalization in “actual
practice” • Communication is minimal for two
reasons:–Humanity is spread thinly across the
globe–Appropriate communication technology
does not exist
![Page 24: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Therefore….
Two Theses
![Page 25: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Thesis 1: First, we
globalized; then,
we territorialized
![Page 26: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
“Space” Became “Place”Our “Place”: The
“Nationalities
![Page 27: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Thesis 2: First, we globalized;
then, we tribalized
![Page 28: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
“Ourselves” vs “Others”, “Us” vs “Them”
Our People, Our Tribe, Our Race
![Page 29: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
JUST ONE LITTLE PROBLEM….
Bottom Line:Minimal communication between
“places”means no (serious) globalization
Humanity precipitated out into realms of difference
![Page 30: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Review #2:We do know
more about recent
globalizations
![Page 31: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Again, Communication = the key
![Page 32: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
And…
we know a great deal about
how these recent globalizations
were justified by religion.
![Page 33: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The StoryWe know how globalization
came about by means of
communicating political, economic & cultural
systems
![Page 34: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
that is, by
colonialism and empire
![Page 35: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Second, we know how globalization was seen as
legitimate, even obligatory
![Page 36: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
in large part because of
Religion
![Page 37: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
1500’s: “Actual”Globalization Begins:
The Colonial Age
![Page 38: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The NetherlandsWillem of Orange
Sea Power 17th C. “Golden Age” of Empire
![Page 39: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
17th C. Amsterdam1602: 1st Stock Market
Globalized Citizenry
![Page 40: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
The British Were Different:Empire, Yes…
First British Empire: 1713 The ‘Last’ British Empire: 1930
![Page 41: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Thus, Commerce Reigns
“Fathers” of “The Bay” Canadian
Operations
![Page 42: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
But Also, Religion Rulese.g., in Massachusetts Bay Colony
1624
![Page 43: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Российская Империя1721 - 1917
He Learned Dutch Communication by Sea Power & Commerce
![Page 44: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Russia’s Globalizers
![Page 45: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Kronshtadt on the Baltic & Back
Kruzenshtern
Worldwide Ambitions: “Nadezhda” & “Neva” Circle the Globe
26 July 1803 -- 7 August 1806
![Page 46: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Shelikov & Golikov The “Russian-American Company” Russia’s First Joint Stock Company
Grigory Golikov
Russian America: 1832-67
![Page 47: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
КΑЛЙФОНЙЯ Dreaming: 1841-67Fort Ross
![Page 48: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
A role for Orthodoxy?
You tell me
![Page 49: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
The French “New France:”
1750 Colonial Domains: 20th C.
![Page 50: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Commerce, But Religion, Too:
The Jesuit Missionizing Enterprise
![Page 51: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
But, really, It’s All about Spain
![Page 52: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
SPAIN MATTERS
MOST
The Two Meanings of 1492
![Page 53: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
1492: “Reconquista” drives Muslims from Iberia
![Page 54: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
1492: Spain is first into the New World“La Conquista de America”
![Page 55: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
The “Reconquista”shaped
The “Conquista de America”
![Page 56: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
e.g., militarized elites, armed mercenaries,
Militarized Elites
![Page 57: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Encomiendias & slave labor
![Page 58: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
A confident, missionizing Church
![Page 59: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Conversion
![Page 60: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Repopulation
![Page 61: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Inquisition
![Page 62: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
What also matters …
• Ideology
• Re Ideology: Conquista = Reconquista
• Conquista Ideology = religiously based
![Page 63: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Why Ideology Matters
It makes it possible for globalization • to be thought , •or not at all.
![Page 64: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Ideology• It justifies or makes legitimate
• forms of globalization •or none at all.
![Page 65: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Bottom line: Ideology is one factor
making globalization possible in “actual
practice.”
Spanish Catholicism provided
this ideology
![Page 66: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Conquista IdeologyFirst item
![Page 67: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
“Tierra de Nadie" (res nullius)
= territory outside law & social reality,
sometimes = indigenous property, in contrast to European territory
similar to Muslim Dar-al-Harb
![Page 68: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Conquista IdeologySecond Item
![Page 69: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
‘Land for Christendom"
• principle behind decision to spread Christianity to the people of America,
• enabled forced conversion of native peoples if they refuse to accept convesion.
• Similar to Dar-al-Islam
![Page 70: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Conquista Ideologythird item
• “Rights of Conquest" of European states and societies over native civilizations as well as their natural resources.
• the imposition of the use of native peoples as slaves:
• “encomienda” system
![Page 71: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
A Second Ideological Front:3 Spanish Humanists vs Conquista Ideology
– Founder, Natural Law theorist of the ‘School of Salamanca,’ Francisco de Vitoria, Dominican.
– Bartolome de las Casas, Dominican, defended the Native Americans against Juan Gines de Sepulveda, Debate at Vallodolid (1550-1)
– Jesuit Francisco Suarez first argued the right of oppressed people to rebel.
![Page 72: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Francisco de Vitoria (ca.1485- 1546)“Father of International Law"
![Page 73: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Bartolome de las Casas (1484-1576)The Destruction of the Indies
![Page 74: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Francisco Suarez (1548-1617)De Legibus ac Deo Legislatore (1679)
![Page 75: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
They did much to promote the welfare of the native folk:
“The New Laws”
But, they also gave he Spaniards legal rights
in the New World
![Page 76: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
“Spaniards had (natural) rights…”
•to freedom of travel, such as to/from and through Native American lands,
![Page 77: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
to trade with native folk,
![Page 78: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
to import and export
![Page 79: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
to mine for
precious metals in native lands
![Page 80: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
to explore native lands,
![Page 81: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
to insist upon native cooperationin communicating
with them,
![Page 82: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
to exact sanctions
for resistance to
communication,
![Page 83: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
such aswaging “just war” against native folk.
![Page 84: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Summary: Spanish Humanists
Modified “Conquista Ideology” by arguing that Native
Americans had “natural rights.”.
![Page 85: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Summary: ReligionArguments rested on
“Natural Law” theology of
Thomas Aquinas, 13th C
![Page 86: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Summary: Spanish Influence
•Spanish humanists •directly influenced Grotius,
•and the development of international aw
![Page 87: The Religion in Globalization](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050723/56816023550346895dcf26b1/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
In this sense, globalization
rests on religious justifications