The Reformation – Martin Luther 2 nd YR. Who was he? He was the man who started the Reformation...
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Transcript of The Reformation – Martin Luther 2 nd YR. Who was he? He was the man who started the Reformation...
![Page 1: The Reformation – Martin Luther 2 nd YR. Who was he? He was the man who started the Reformation How? He was a German monk Got sick of abuses in the Catholic.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033108/56649f4f5503460f94c7090f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Reformation – Martin Luther
2nd YR
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Who was he?
• He was the man who started the Reformation
• How?• He was a German monk• Got sick of abuses in the Catholic Church• Tried to get Church to change• ended up setting up a new church• Called the Lutheran Church
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Early life
• Born Saxony in 1483• Studied law• caught in thunderstorm• prayed to St Anne• Promised to become a monk• so studied theology
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Before fame
• became a priest and monk in Wittenberg
• Believed he was a terrible sinner• read bible closely• became convinced that there was
only way to get into Heaven• called ‘Justification by Faith alone’
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Differences to Catholicism
• Catholic Church said both faith and good works were necessary
• Luther believed only faith was necessary
• why?• No mention of good works in Bible
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Indulgences
• Pope Leo X - rebuilding St Peter’s Basilica
• Needed cash• Introduced a special indulgence• John Teazel sold this indulgence in
Wittenberg• Luther was furious• Saw this as ‘buying your way’ into
Heaven
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95 Theses• Wrote a list
called ‘95 Theses’
• Contained 95 problems with the Catholic Church
• Posted it on the church door of Wittenberg
• Became famous
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Printing Pamphlets• Invention of
printing in 1400s was crucial
• Helped spread Luther’s ideas all over Germany
• Wrote pamphlets containing his ideas
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Luther’s Aims
• he didn’t want to leave the Church• he just wanted to reform the
Church• ie make it better• but the dispute became serious• The Church wouldn’t change
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Pope’s Response
• Leo X - Papal Bull• Called ‘Exurge Domine’• Told Luther to ‘recant’ his beliefs• Condemned as a heretic• If he refused he would be
excommunicated• ie thrown out of Church
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Luther’s Reponse
• Luther publicly burned the Papal Bull
• Refused to take back his ideas
• A clash was inevitable• Some people supported
Luther..• ..Some supported the Church
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Luther burns papal bull
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Who ruled Germany?
• Overall ruler of Germany was the Holy Roman Emperor
• He had close links to the Pope• Germany split into diff provinces• each province ruled by a prince• the prince of Saxony was
Frederick the Wise• He agreed with Luther
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Diet of Worms
• Luther united to a meeting at Worms• ..to discuss his views• Called the Diet (Meeting) of Worms• He refused to recant his beliefs
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Edict of Worms
• As a result, he was condemned as a heretic
• Made an outlaw by the Edict of Worms
• The Edict was the written decision of the meeting
• Luther’s life now in danger
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Rescued
• Luther was ‘kidnapped’ by Frederick the Wise
• Hidden in his castle in disguise• Stayed there a yr in secret• He translated the Bible from Latin• ..into German• This is called the vernacular• Vernacular means whatever language
is spoken in the area
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Why translate?
• Bible into Latin• No one but bishops could
understand it• Even most priests didn’t
understand it• Luther wanted people to be able
to read it• ..and see for themselves
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Spread of his ideas
• Famous because of printing• Spread through German states• Up into Scandinavia• 1529 - Emperor tried to ban
Luther’s idea• But some princes protested• Became known as Protestants
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War
• This dispute led to war between the states and the emperor
• Ended with the Peace of Augsburg in 1555
• Each prince could decide the religion of his state
• Lutheranism was the 1st Protestant Church
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Why did Luther succeed?
• 1. His beliefs were based on the Bible • ..so he couldn’t be contradicted• 2. Printing press meant his ideas could
spread quickly• ..and couldn’t be controlled by the
Church• 3. He was supported by his Prince,
Frederick,• ..who stood up for him
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Luther’s Beliefs
• 1. Bible was source of all beliefs• 2. Justification by faith alone• 3. Prince was head of Church• 4. Services would be in German
(the vernacular)
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Luther’s Beliefs (2)
• 5. Only two sacraments (Baptism and Eucharist)
• 6. Both wine and blood were present in communion
• 7. People should read the Bible for themselves
• 8. Priests could marry
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Recap Questions
• 1. Write down 5 problems in Catholic church
• 2. What were the 95 Theses?• 3. How did the Pope respond?• 4. Who was the Pope?• 5. What happened at Diet of Worms?• 6. How was Germany ruled?• 7. How was the religious problem in
Germany sorted?
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Vocab recap
• 95 Theses• Indulgences• John Teazel• Frederick the Wise• Vernacular• Salvation by Faith alone• Edict
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Vocab recap
• Diet of Worms• Heretic• Excommunicated• Peace of Augsburg• Protestant• Papal Bull
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Recap – write down 5 diffs between catholics and
protestants