Slide 1

The Reformation has an impact on Europe and European settlement in North America. The Dutch Separatists (Pilgrims) depart Holland in the Mayflower and establish the Plymouth Colony (1620), where they lay the foundation for a government in the form of The Mayflower Compact. The Colony merges with the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1691 Religious discontent and divisions stimulate the creation of other colonies, such as the One established by dissenters in Rhode Island and William Penns Quaker colony in Pennsylvania

Slide 2

The motives and incentives for colonization were varied; however, many early English colonists were inspired to resettle in North America for religious and economic reasons. Religious dissent and challenges to the religious and political status quo emerges in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. For example, Anne Hutchinson challenged the rigidity of the Puritan leadership. Banished from the Bay Colony, she helped to establish a new colony in Rhode Island. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was, in a very real sense, the Nucleus for latter colonies, especially in New England. (Map, p. 52). By the mid-seventeenth century, the middle colonies of Delaware, new Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania were established.

Slide 3

Iconic figure of the Protestant Reformation Disputed the claim that freedom from Gods punishment for sin could be purchased with money. Those who agree with Luthers ideals are called Lutherans Translated the Bible into the vernacular, opposed to the traditional Latin, allowing many more people to access it

Slide 4

1517: WHO NAILED HIS 95 THESES TO THE CATHEDRAL DOOR? BASIC IDEAS: -BIBLE/SCRIPTURE WAS THE ONLY SOURCE OF GODS WORD -PEOPLE ARE SAVED BY GRACE ALONE (SALVATION IS A GIFT FROM GOD-CANT BE EARNED) -SAVED SIMPLY BY FAITH IN GOD.

Slide 5

Preached Calvinism which stressed Predestination. (Those going to heaven or hell have already been determined) -Established that people were sinful and only predestined would go to heaven. -Looked for signs throughout life to see predestination -Whose predestined? -Helped to establish Protestant work-ethic

Slide 6

Belief that faith alone is necessary to salvation, regardless of moral law Rejected the ideals of the Calvinists and the Quakers

Slide 7

The establishment of the Protestant church also created other conflicts. Puritan branch began to purify the Church of England. (Only Visible Saints should be admitted to the church.) *Pilgrims wanted to break free from the church because the saints would have to sit with the damned. *What happened to the Pilgrims?

Slide 8

The landing Bay of the Pilgrims in 1620 Harsher living conditions than the pilgrims were accustomed to Site of the first Thanksgiving

Slide 9

After brief hiatus in Holland, the Pilgrims completed agreement with the Viriginia company to go to America in 1620. Mayflower Compact? Who was Myles Standish? Winter of 1621 killed 68 0f 102. Determined to stay through prayer and bond with the Massasoit Indians, they survived Economy based on fur, trapping, fishing, and lumber. Absorbed by Mass. Bay Colony in 1691.

Slide 10

Refers to the sudden influx of Puritans to the New World Families were brought along for the journey now, not simply individuals Most migrants were chiefly motivated by a quest for freedom to practice their puritan religion

Slide 11

Significant grouping of English Protestants in the 16 th and 17 th centuries Included Calvinists Puritans believed that secular governors are accountable to God to protect and reward virtue, including "true religion", and to punish wrongdoers Calvinists generally believed that the worship in the church ought to be strictly regulated by what is commanded in the Bible

Slide 12

First governing document of the Plymouth colony Written by the Separatists onboard the Mayflower Signed November 11, 1620 Stated that Colonists would use their own liberty; for none had power to command them

Slide 13

Group of Puritans were given a royal charter in 1629. Charter was brought to America and used a constitution. (Another step towards self-governing.) *11,000 Puritans came on initial voyages and very well-equipped. *John Winthrop? *Colony thrived on the economy of trading, fishing, and shipbuilding.

Slide 14

Bible Commonwealth-A democracy run on Biblical principles. Right to vote was given to all freemen (Adult men who were members of congregational church.) -Church members felt that the common man was incapable of voting wisely. They also wanted to retain government control in the hands of the church. Only 40% of men and no women were allowed to vote. Was this OK? *The Puritans arrived as family units, different than the Southern colonies, and stayed devoted to their religion and family throughout colonial America.

Slide 15

Wealthy Puritan lawyer, and one of the leading figures in the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Governed the colony for 12 of its first 20 years. Pictured the colony as a Puritan City upon a hill

Slide 16

Who was John Cotton? Sermons were long and moving and drew the line between right and wrong and between Heaven and Hell. Local congregations could hire/fire their local pastor and that was why it is called congregationalist religion. Strict moral code to uphold right and wrong. Devil, sin, and hell were very real ! Must be guarded against! Day of Doom?

Slide 17

Tensions flared in region when people questioned teachings. Quakers? Anne Hutchinson? Roger Williams: -Differing religious views got him ousted from Massachusetts and he started Rhode Island. Attracted people who and a desire for independence and R.I became a royal colony in 1644. Sewer Colony?

Slide 18

Puritan woman who challenged the Puritan clergy established in Boston at the time Began holding meetings in her home, denouncing the local sermons, and the preachers She espoused a covenant of grace while saying the local ministers preached a covenant of works Killed in her home as a result of a Native American rampage

Slide 19

Early proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and State Started the first Baptist church in America: First Baptist Church of Providence Learned Native American Languages, and sought fair deal with the Indians Also opposed slavery and was the first to attempt to prohibit it in the original 13 colonies

Slide 20

Puritan colonial leader, founded the Colony of Connecticut Known as an outstanding speaker and a leader of universal Christian suffrage Helped ratify the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut which is arguably the first written constitution known to history that created a government

Slide 21

Connecticut: Founded in 1635 (Led by Reverend Thomas Hooker, they were attracted to good farmlands rather than by religious purposes.) *Wrote Fundamental Orders: Americas first written constitution. *1623: Maine annexed by Massachusetts *1641: New Hampshire annexed by Mass. *3/4 of the Englishmen that came to America were indentured servants and an estimated 40% died in servitudes.

Slide 22

Initial relations were good with the Indians of the region. (Disease had already claimed lots of the population) *Squanto/1 st Thanksgiving/White- Wampanoag Peace Treaty. *Pequot War of 1637 *King Phillips War of 1675. (3 Ds show up here!)

Slide 23

Leader of the Wampanoag, and the Wampanoag Confederacy Never let his people convert to Christianity under his rule. Created a shaky peace with the colonists, that collapsed upon his death Father of Metacom (King Phillip)

Slide 24

Spanned from 1634-1638 Consisted of the Pequot tribe fighting and alliance of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies Hundreds were killed and hundreds more were captured and sold into slavery. Ultimately led to the Pequot losing all credibility During the war, John Masons men burned an entire Pequot village of women and children to the ground

Slide 25

Refers to the overthrow of King James II of England Also known as the Bloodless Revolution Dutch Stadtholder William III invaded England with a Dutch army and ascended to the throne as William III of England

Slide 26

Short-lived military alliance of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven Primary purpose was to unite the Puritan colonies against the Native Americans Charter allowed for the return of fugitive criminals and indentured servants In practice, none of its goals were accomplished

Slide 27

1643: NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERATION WAS ESTABLISHED. MAIN REASON? COLONIES WERE BASICALLY SEMI- AUTONOMOUS COMMONWEALTHS. CHARLES II DROPPED THE HAMMER! (WHAT DID HE DO?)

Slide 28

Series of laws that restricted use of foreign shipping for trade between England and its colonies Their goal was to force colonial development into lines favorable to England, and stop direct colonial trade with the Netherlands, France and other European countries.

Slide 29

1686: DOMINION OF NEW ENGLANDWAS CREATED. WHAT WERE ITS GOALS? WHAT WERE THE NAVIGATION ACTS? TELL ME ABOUT SIR EDMUND ANDROS? IMPACT OF GLORIOUS REVOLUTION? CHANGE CAME BUT NOT TO MASSCAHUSETTS ADVANTAGE. WHY?

Slide 30

Administrative union of English colonies in the New England region of North America The Dominion ultimately failed because the land it encompassed (present-day Main, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey) Was too large for a single governor to manage Sir Edmund Andros was appointed governor, and was highly unpopular

Slide 31

After gaining independence from Spain with Englands help, they set up Dutch East India Company (Spice Islands of Indonesia) and Dutch West India Company (West Indies). (More Raiding than Trading!) *Explorer Henry Hudson sought hew areas and sailed into Delaware Bay and up the Hudson river. *DWIC bought the island of Manhattan from local Indians in exchange for a few trinkets. To encourage settlements, patroonships were awarded to promoters whod settle 50 people in the colony. *New Amsterdam developed an aristocratic flavor and attracted a wide range of people.

Slide 32

The Dutch were cruel to the Indians and the Indians fought back. What happened? What did New England think of the Dutch? New Sweden was created and placed on the other side of the Delaware River from 1638-1655. What happened then and who was involved? (At least they left what great building structure?)

Slide 33

Last Dutch Director-general of the colony of New Netherland, before it was given to the English, and re-named New York He expanded the colony beyond the southern tip of Manhattan Also built the protective wall on Wall Street, the canal that became Broad Street, and Broadway

Slide 34

In 1664, the Duke of York was granted the area of New Amsterdam. The British fleet arrived and they claimed the area from Peter Stuyvesant without a shot. Named New York after its grantee, the area of New York remained an area of Dutch influence in what regards?

Slide 35

Quaker Founded Pennsylvania as a haven for all people, especially Quakers Created many successful treaties with the Lenape Indians Was given the land by King Charles II, who owed a debt to Penns father

Slide 36

Why were they called Quakers? What were their major beliefs? They clashed with religious and civil leaders because they refused to pay taxes that would go to the Church of England. They met in simple meeting houses without a formal preacher and spoke up when so moved. Penn was awarded a large tract of land in 1681 to make Pennsylvania. Best-Advertised Colony?

Slide 37

Religion of William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania Quakers were hung in the Massachusetts Bay Colony Pennsylvania provided them a safe haven In Rhode Island 36 Governors for the first 100 years were Quakers

Slide 38

The colony officially began in 1681 but there were already thousands of squatters in the area. Philadelphia, the city of brotherly love, was carefully planned out with wide boulevards and planned streets. Penn tried to deal justly with the Indians and bought large tracts from Chief Tammany. Relations stayed good between Indians and Quakers but Scots-Irish people treated the Indians like savages.

Slide 39

Why was Pennsylvania so appealing? A.) B.) C.) D.) E.) (Too bad Penn wasnt appreciated for his efforts and was jailed twice for treason and debt and died of a stoke.) *Tell us about Benjamin Franklin!

Slide 40

The Middle Colonies consisted of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania. They all had fertile soil and large tracts of land. Came to be known as the Bread Colonies because of all the grain they exported. They also had many useful rivers running through them like the Susquehanna, Delaware, and Hudson. They were a combined looking area with similar features to their Northern and Southern neighbors. How?

Slide 41

What religious turmoil in the Old World resulted in the little colony of Plymouth in the New World? Why was the initial and subsequent colonization of the Massachusetts Bay Colony more successful than Plymouth? How did the colony of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colony contribute to the origins of American independence and Government? What were the contributions to American Independence and government from the New England Confederation, the Dominion of New England, and the Glorious Revolution?

Slide 42

What role did religious intolerance play in the founding of New England colonies other than Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay and in the founding of some middle colonies? Besides England, what other nations influenced the colonization of the Atlantic coast of North America? How did the colonization of Pennsylvania differ from the New England colonies and other middle colonies?