The Real C.S. Lewis

“You’ll never get to the bottom of him.”

J.R.R. Tolkien

Compiled by Eur Ing, Dr. Paulo F. Ribeiro

MBA, PhD, PE, IEEE Fellow

October 29, 2003, AD

Leeds, England

The joy of the Lord is our strength. Neh. 8:10

The Apologist's Evening Prayer

From all my lame defeats and oh! much moreFrom all the victories that I seemed to score;From cleverness shot forth on Thy behalfAt which, while angels weep, the audience laugh;From all my proofs of Thy divinity,Thou, who wouldst give no sign, deliver me.

Thoughts are but coins.  Let me not trust, insteadof Thee, their thin-worn image of Thy head.From all my thoughts, even from my thoughts of Thee,O thou fair Silence, fall, and set me free.Lord of the narrow gate and needle's eye,Take from me all my trumpery lest I die.

Prayer is either a sheer illusion or a personal contact between embryonic, incomplete persons (ourselves) and the utterly concrete Person. Prayer in the sense of petition, asking for things, is a small part of it; confession and penitence are its threshold, adoration its sanctuary, the presence and vision and enjoyment of God its wine. In it God shows himself to us. That He answers prayers is a corollary—not necessarily the most important one. What He does is learned from what He is.”

Introductory Words:

Thanks for the opportunity

Presentation: Brazilian Style – Audience Participation:Talking Points, Share our insights …

Why Lewis:The most important Christian writer of the 20th century.A man who has had, and is having, a profound effect on this world.The Pubs went silent.

Introductory Words:

I discovered C.S. Lewis when in college. Since then I have read and re-read almost everything he wrote. He has had a tremendous influence on me in several ways (just ask my wife). She says: “too much!”

-He has made me understand chronological snobbery.

-He has helped me to think more objectively by his rigorous, precise, penetrating logic, vivid, lively, and playful imagination.

-He has helped me to have a better sense of the real world.

-He shows my insensitivity and inability to enjoy God's daily gifts.

-He always points me to the ultimate source of Joy: Christ.

-His theology may not be perfect, but the practice was exemplary.

Among the books I have read and enjoyed with much profit are: Mere Christianity, Screwtape Letters, The Problem of Pain, The Abolition of Man, Miracles, Pilgrim's Regress, Poems, Letters to an American Lady, Letters of C.S. Lewis, The Narnia books, Out of the Silent Planet, That Hideous Strength, Experiment in Criticism, God in the Dock, The Four Loves, The Weight of Glory, and everything else.

Introductory Words:

I relate to C.S. Lewis' story in Surprised by Joy in many respects: the experiences of the painful, melancholy, yet "joyful" yearnings (he calls sehnsucht). Although the scenery was very different: tropical ocean, samba, soccer … “there is no sin on the south side of the equator,” I still suffered from the stabs of joy… there was an immediate connection.

Several years later I found myself not far away from the land of Narnia (PhD at University of Manchester 1982-1985).

I became a “freak” (according to my children): house, cars, everything-Lewis-Narnia …. An American thing.

“At present we are on the outside of the world, the wrong side of the door. We discern the freshness and purity of morning, but they do not make us fresh and pure. We cannot mingle with the splendors we see. But all the leaves of the New Testament are rustling with the rumor that it will not always be so. Some day, God willing, we shall get in.”

"Creatures are not born with desires unless satisfaction for these desires exist. If I find in myself a desire which no experience in this world can satisfy, the most probable explanation is that I was made for another world. If that is so I must keep alive in myself the desire for my true country."

Introductory Words:

The Man

C. S. Lewis never claimed to be a theologian. He approached Christianity from a very intellectual, academic, and honest way – not theological.

His Beliefs

Mere Christianity is the core set of beliefs held by the majority of Christians throughout the ages. He believed that Jesus was literally born of a virgin, crucified, buried, and that He physically rose again never to die again. Mere Christianity teaches the doctrine of the Trinity: that Father, Son, and Holy Ghost are all three God, and that God is one. C. S. Lewis tried to demonstrate that the supernatural does exist and that miracles did occur. Mere Christianity teaches that Christ died for our sins, that He was resurrected to prove that He conquered death and that to receive forgiveness of sin one must respond in faith to Him.

The Themes

C. S. Lewis struggled with in his own life and subsequently addressed in his writings: the problem of suffering and pain, the existence of the supernatural or the miraculous, and how Christianity is the only world-view that consistently explains the nature of man and the universe.

Interesting facts about Lewis:

Accent: Oxford with an Irish tinge

Voice 1 Voice 2 Voice 3

Number of books sold …

Breath of subjects ….

1947 Time Magazine article

Declined honors from Winston Churchill

Adored In America (all over the world, we are working in Brazil …)

What about Lewis’s reputation in the UK?

Sharing Time???

The Many Sides of Lewis:

Lewis, the distinguished Oxford literary scholar and critic;

Lewis, the highly acclaimed author of science fiction and children's literature;

Lewis, the popular writer and broadcaster of Christian apologetics, the Knight of Orthodox Christianity (Champion of Mere Christianity);

Lewis, the soldier and faithful friend (from Arthur Grieves to Tolkien)

Lewis, the masterful teacher and tutor;

Lewis, the private man and with family problems (Father, Warren, Mrs. Moore)

Lewis, the romantic yet rationalist (Baptized imagination)

Lewis, the thoroughly converted man (The Pilgrim’s Regress)

Lewis, surprised by marriage (the “Joy” of his life)

Lewis, the aggressive debater and humble/gentle man

Lewis’s Appeal

invitation to meditation

natural point of contact with the longing that this generation naturally feels.

avoids the technical jargon of the theologians..

Allow me to illustrate the power of the apologetics of longing with a testimony.

A few years ago I introduced CS Lewis to an engineer in Virginia. I presented him a copy of Mere Christianity.

…. After several months after reacting against some of the statements he came to me and said, I in the hall, Paulo ….

In another case, I presented a copy of the same book to a Brazilian Professor (nominal catholic) ….

Two months later, he could not control his excitement … he told me that he had introduced Lewis to another friend who was seriously looking for some spiritual answers.

Interdenominational Appeal

Almost Reformed

“I believe in Christianity as I believe that the sun has risen, not only because I see it but because by it I see everything else.”

"From this buoyant humility, this farewell to the self with all its good resolutions, anxiety, scruples, and motive scratchings, all the Protestant doctrines originally sprang. For it must be clearly understood that they were at first doctrines not of terror but of joy and hope: indeed, more than hope, fruition, for as Tyndale says, the converted man is already tasting eternal life. The doctrine of predestination, says the Seventeenth Article, is `full of sweet, pleasant and unspeakable comfort to godly persons.' . . . Relief and buoyancy are the characteristic notes.”

Interdenominational Appeal

Lewis on Calvinists and Puritans

"Whatever they were, they were not sour, gloomy, or severe; nor did their enemies bring any such charge against them. On the contrary ....Calvinism was not too grim, but too glad, to be true.

It sprang from the refusal to allow the Roman distinction between the life of religion and the life of the world. Calvin's picture of the Christian was less hostile to pleasure, but then Calvin demanded that every man should be made to live the fully Christian life.

This will at least serve to eliminate the absurd idea that ElizabethanCalvinists were somehow grotesque, elderly people, standing outside the main forward current of life. In their own day they were, of course, the very latest thing. Unless we can imagine the freshness, the audacity and the fashionableness of Calvinism, we shall get out whole picture wrong. It was a creed of progressives, even revolutionaries."

The Formation of a Liberal and Orthodox Mind

Born into a bookish family of Protestants in Belfast, Ireland.

"There were books in the study, books in the dining room, books in the cloakroom, books (two deep) in the great bookcase on the landing, books in a bedroom, books piled as high as my shoulder in the cistern attic, books of all kinds,"

A Life of Problems and Moments of Delight (Joy)

Lewis mother's death from cancer came just three months before Jack's tenth birthday, and the young man was hurt deeply by her passing. On top of that, his father never fully recovered from her death, and both boys felt increasingly estranged from him; home life was never warm and satisfying again.

Transition From Christianity to Atheism

His mother's death convinced young Jack that the God he encountered in the Bible his mother gave him didn't always answer prayers. This early doubt, coupled with an unduly harsh, self-directed spiritual regimen and the influence of a mildly occultist boarding school matron a few years later, caused Lewis to reject Christianity and become an avowed atheist.

University Life

Lewis entered Oxford in 1917 as a student and never really left. "The place has surpassed my wildest dreams," he wrote to his father after spending his first day there. "I never saw anything so beautiful." Despite an interruption to fight in World War I (in which he was wounded by a bursting shell), he always maintained his home and friends in Oxford.

The Search For Joy - The Unifying Theme of C.S. Lewis’ Life

The Search for the inexpressible

"In speaking of this desire for our own far-off country, . . . I feel a certain shyness. I am almost committing an indecency. I am trying to rip open the inconsolable secret in each one of you - the secret which hurts so much that you take your revenge on it by calling it names like Nostalgia and Romanticism and Adolescence; the secret also which pierces with such sweetness that when, in very intimate conversation, the mention of it becomes imminent, we grow awkward and affect to laugh at ourselves; the secret we cannot hide and cannot tell, though we desire to do both . . . "

It was not until his Christian Conversion that Lewis understood what he was seeking

Lewis found joy in Greek and Nordic Mythology, Music, Literature, Nature, Friends...

Lewis calls "the shape of my early life."

Summary

Less an autobiography more an account of his religious ups and downs from childhood

From an almost lack of religion in his early experience ...

Of his hectic efforts in boarding school to create a satisfying spiritual realization

Of his retreat into atheism ..

The long and painful return through nature, spiritualism and philosophy to Theism and finally to Christianity.

Surprised by Joy:

The Chronology

The First Years - Born to Nine

•Born on November 29, 1898 at Belfast

•Father, Albert James Lewis, was a lawyer and mother, Flora Augusta Hamilton Lewis, a descendent of clergymen, lawyers, and sailors.

•Father - sentiment and passion

•Mother irony, coolness and the capacity for happiness.

•Lewis description of his father not very positive.

•Lewis's mother died before he was ten, but she had already started him in French and Latin.

The Development of a Tough And Holistic Christian Mind

The Chronology

The First Years - Born to Nine

•Lewis and his brother (three years his senior) were left alone in a large house and spent endless hours in their respective imaginative worlds of Animal-Land and India

•Lewis learned Sehnsucht (sen-zart), - longing from looking out of the nursery windows, but there were not genuine religious experience.

•The house was rich in books and the brothers read widely.

•They lived almost in their imagination.

•One day the young Lewis stood beside a currant bush in flower there suddenly and mysteriously arose in him "as if from a depth not of years but centuries" the memory of an earlier happy morning. Though it happened in an instant of time, he felt that "in a certain sense everything else that had ever happened tome was insignificant in comparison.“

•It was the beginning of his search for joy.

The Chronology

•At ten, Lewis was sent to school in hated England. Under the tutelage of Oldie, who flogged his boys with and without excuse but taught them to think logically.

•At twelve, he went to Campbell College, not far from the Lewis home in Ireland, but his stay was cut short by illness which gave him happy weeks on his own.

•From 13 to 15 he was back in England at a small prep school he calls Charters. Here at last he began to love the English countryside, but here he also lost his faith, and his simplicity.

•At Oldie's he had began to read the bible and pray, but strangely, prayer was one of the things that led him to atheism, and he says, might have driven him mad if pursued as he was attempting it.

The Chronology

•In his efforts to avoid the hypocrisy of simply "saying" his prayers he acquired the opposite extreme of long, weary stretches when by sheer will-power he struggled to acquire a "realization," a stirring of affections.

•Other things which led him to atheism were the occultism imparted to him by a matron at the school, the spell of dancing mistress on whom he had cast lustful eyes, a natural pessimism, and particularly the reading of H.G. Wells, and Sir Robert Ball.

•At fifteen he won the classic scholarship to "Wyvern" College, located in the same English town as Charters.

The Chronology

•Though Lewis's brother had attended Wyvern and liked it, he himself concluded that this school, like most other such college in England, produced not the understanding and fraternal man described in its catalogue but rather a "bitter, truculent, skeptical, debunking, and cynical intelligentsia" dominated by social struggle and priggishness.

•Only a few students succeeded in remaining outside the rigid hierarchy which was prevalent.

•One of the few valuable assets of Wyvern was Smewgy, a hard but courteous teacher who could say, "You will have to be whipped if you don't do better at your Greek Grammar next week, but naturally that has nothing to do with your manners or mine." He taught his boys to be scholars without being pedants.

•In religion Lewis at this time suffered the conflict, as he says, of maintaining that God did not exist and being angry with him for not existing.

The Chronology

•Lewis prepared for university entrance under the tutorship of a tall, lean shabbily dressed but ruthlessly dialectical man named W.T. Kirkpatrick in Surrey.

•Despite a stunning rebuke from Kirk in the first moments of their association, Lewis loved his lanky teacher and, free from the games and other school routines he had unwillingly participated in, found this the happiest period of his life.

•He read abundantly in literature of all sorts, including much of Homer and other Greek authors in the original.

•His atheism was strengthened by Kirkpatrick's own, for his teacher was an old-fashioned high atheist who doted on The Golden Bough and Schopenhauer and who at a later time would've made an excellent logical positivist.

 

The Chronology

•All along since Charters, Lewis had been living two lives. One was filled with the bustle of ordinary pleasures and miseries while the other was secret, imaginative, and full of longing for Joy.

•During his illness while at Campbell he had first found delight in fairy tales and fallen under the spell of dwarfs.

•Northerners and Norse mythology became part of his life

•Under Smewgy he had indirectly discovered not more Northerners but the power and fire of Mediterranean myth.

•And of course there was plenty of King Arthur and early Britain.

•All these myths reawakened in him a great love for nature and music, at least the music of Wagner.

The Chronology

•Joy, "that central music in every experience," pressed its illimitable claims upon him and spread its glory in unbearable waves to the roots of his being.

•Yet the time came when Joy disappeared and the memory of it teased him.

•He found that neither sexual indulgence nor any other experience was a substitute for it.

•Meanwhile his atheism grew bolder and Christianity came to mean ugly architecture, ugly music, and bad poetry, and God a great transcendental Interferer.

•He wanted to tell God and every body else that his innermost being was marked No Admittance.

The Chronology

•At this time he says he was made up of two separate elements: one the longing for Joy, the other a fixed and certain belief in scientific materialism.

•Then he discovered in Yeats and other men who while disbelieving Christianity yet thought there was a world behind, or around the material world, and he was temporarily persuaded to believe in magic and occultism.

•It was at this point that he, like Browning with his Old Yellow Book, came upon a soiled copy of George Macdonald's Phantastes in a bookstall.

•Browning's description of his own transport over his discovery applies equally well to Lewis as he sat down to read:

A spirit laughs and leaps through every limb,

And lights my eyes, and lifts me by the hair.

The Chronology From

•Alongside the romantic elements in the novel, Lewis found something new, a bright shadow that he later discovered to be the voice of holiness.

•It was as though the voice which had called to me in the room, or in my body, or behind me. If it had once eluded me by its distance, it eluded me by proximity - something too near to see, too plain to be understood, on this side of knowledge.

•Always in the past Joy had been separate from the ordinary world; in Macdonald he found, to his surprise, that the bright shadow transformed all common things while itself remained unchanged.

His imagination was baptized. It was the beginning of the road back.

In reading Chesterton, as in reading MacDonald, I did not know what I was letting myself in for. A young man who wishes to remain a sound Atheist cannot be too careful of his reading. . . . God is, if I may say it, very unscrupulous.

The Chronology

•At 18 he took the scholarship examination for Oxford and was elected. But a war was in progress, and the day he was nineteen he found himself in the front-line trenches in France.

•A brief illness gave him three weeks in an army hospital where he first began to read G.K. Chesterton and loved him in spite of his religious element.

•He was wounded in April by a British shell falling short of its German target.

•In January 1919 he was discharged from military duty.

•He ridicules his experience of taking sixty German prisoners of war; what happened, he says is that they simply appeared with their hands up and ready to surrender.

The Chronology

•Back at Oxford, he began to make friends who were to influence his future.

•Owen Barfield, an anthropologist, who became Lewis's "anti-self" and with whom he argued night after night and on long walks.

•He found the new friends to be man of high principles.

•Just when the New Psychology was causing him to doubt his whole experience of Joy, some of his closest friends began to turn Christian.

•With Barfield in particular he debated violently and learned much. It was he who destroyed forever in Lewis the easy belief in "chronological snobbery,"

The Chronology

•He also convinced Lewis that abstract thought can give indisputable truth and is therefore a different sort of from experience of the senses.

•Finally Lewis was forced to conclude that logic itself participated in a cosmic Logos. He also became convinced of a cosmic Absolute but did not assume it would ever get personal.

•Lewis was twenty-three when he finishes Greats and, because he could find no position, decided to remain for a fourth year at Oxford.

•Almost immediately he was drawn to a brilliant young man named Nevil Coghill and was shocked to discover him a Christian and thoroughgoing supernaturalist.

The Chronology

•At the same time it dawned on him that all the authors on whom he could really feed (Macdonald, Chesterton, Dr. Johnson, Spencer, Milton) saw things through Christian eyes.

•Even the most religious of the Pagans (Plato, Virgil...)had some of the same quality.

•They had roughness and density of life.

•He still thought Christianity only a myth, a good philosophical framework on which to hang Absolute Idealism.

•He became a temporary lecturer for a year and was then elected a Fellow of Magdalene College in1925, when he was 26 years old.

The Chronology

•Christians now began to appear all around him - men like Dyson, Tolkien ..

•He re-read Euripides' Hippolytus and Joy returned to his heart.

•On the intellectual side he read Alexander's Space, Time and Diet and learned that all important principle that we do not think a thought in the same sense in which we think Herodotus is unreliable.

•A thought is not simply a thing inside one's head and isolated from its object.

•Introspection can only find what is left behind and cannot operate while the original thought exists.

•It is a terrible error to mistake the track left behind for the thing itself.

The Chronology

•Immediately Lewis knew he was looking in the wrong place to find Joy he had sought, that his hope to find some mental content on which he could lay his finger was wholly futile, for this was and would always be simply the "mental track left by the passage of Joy."

•Not only must joy look to its object, but a desire owes all its character to its object, for the object is the very thing which makes it desirable.

•He had always been wrong in thinking that he desired Joy itself.

•"All the value lay in that of which Joy was the desiring," an object clearly outside both his mind and body.

The Chronology

•Now teaching philosophy at Oxford, Lewis began to have real troubles with the Absolute.

•He lectured on a philosophical "God" but distinguished it from "the God of popular religion" and insisted that there could be no personal relation with Him.

•But now two hard blows struck him.

•He read G.K. Chesterton's Everlasting Man and was shaken by its theistic rationale.

•Shortly afterwards the toughest of all the atheists he had known sat beside the fire in Lewis's room and said, "Rum thing. All that stuff about the Dying God. It almost looks as if it had really happened once."

The Chronology

•Lewis thought that nobody could be safe from God if this man were not. 

•There followed a time in which all the strands steadily platted themselves into an invincible whole in which Lewis's inner being. It seemed to him that God was surely after him as a cat searching for a mouse. 

•You must picture me, he says, alone in that room in Magdalene, night after night, feeling whenever mind lifted even for a second from work, the steady, unrelenting approach of Him whom I earnestly desire not to meet. That which I greatly feared had at last come upon me. 

•It was in the Trinity Term of 1929 that he capitulated. As he knelt down in prayer and admitted that God was God, he felt himself the most dejected and reluctant convert in all England.

That which I greatly feared had at last come upon me. In the Trinity Term of 1929 I gave in, and admitted that God was God, and knelt and prayed: perhaps, that night, the most dejected and reluctant convert in all England. I did not then see what is now the most shining and obvious thing; the Divine humility which will accept a convert even on such terms. The Prodigal Son at least walked home on his own feet. But who can duly adore that Love which will open the high gates to prodigal who is brought in kicking, struggling, resentful, and darting his eyes in every direction for a chance of escape?

The Chronology•It was conversion to Theism only, not Christianity and not belief in a future life. They came later. •I was driven to Whipsnade one sunny morning. When we set out I did not believe that Jesus Christ is the son of God, and when I reached the zoo I did. •It was thus that the Hound of Heaven overtook and conquered his prey.

•Shortly after Lewis died, Clyde Kilby wrote that Lewis was "a man who had won, inside and deep, a battle against pose, evasion, expedience, and the ever-so-little lie and who wished with all his heart to honor truth in every idea passing through his mind."  •Almost forty years after Kilby's words have been very verified through the detailed scrutiny of Lewis's life and writings.

Pilgrim’s Regress, C.S. Lewis, Book Nine

CHAPTER THREE This Side by the Darkness

Within an inch of him he had seen a face. Now a cloud crossed the moon and the face was no longer visible, but he knew that it was still looking at him--an aged, appalling face, crumbling and chaotic, larger than human. Presently its voice began: "Do you still think it is the black hole you fear? Do you not know even now the deeper fear whereof the black hole is but the veil? Do you not know why they would all persuade you that there is nothing beyond the brook and that when a man's lease is out his story is done? Because, if this were true, they could in their reckoning make me equal to nought, therefore not dreadful: could say that where I am they are not, that while they are, I am not. They have prophesied soft things to you1. I am no negation, and the deepest of your heart acknowledges it. Else why have you buried the memory of your uncle's face so carefully that it has needed all these things to bring it up? Do not think that you can escape me; do not think you can call me Nothing. To you I am not Nothing; I am the being blindfolded, the losing all power of self defense, the surrender, not because any terms are offered, but because resistance is gone: the step into the dark: the defeat of all precautions: utter helplessness turned out to utter risk: the final loss of liberty. The Landlord's Son who feared nothing, feared me. "What am I to do?" said John. "Which you choose," said the voice. "Jump, or be thrown. Shut your eyes or have them bandaged by force. Give in or struggle." "I would sooner do the first, if I could." "Then I am your servant and no more your master. The cure of death is dying. He who lays down his liberty in that act receives it back. Go down to Mother Kirk." John looked about him when next the moon shone. The bottom of the chasm was level far below him, and there he saw what seemed a concourse of dark figures. Amidst them they had left an open space, where there was a glimmer as of water: and near the water there was someone standing. It seemed to him that he was waited for, and he began to explore the face of cliff below him. To his surprise it was no longer sheer and smooth. He tried a few footholds and got five feet below the ledge. Then he sat down again, sick. But the kind of fear which he now suffered was cold and leaden: there was no panic in it: and soon he continued his descent.

1 They have prophesied soft things to you: Isaiah:30:10: "Prophesy not unto us right things, speak unto us smooth things, prophesy deceits"

Mere Christianity

Book I - Right and Wrong as a Clue to the

Meaning of the Universe

An Engineering PerspectiveA Flow-Chart Approach

Do you believein the existenceof a Moral Law?

No

Yes

Is there anythingor anyone

behind the Moral Law?

No

Yes

What Kind:A Force(Power)?

Yes

No

Are you trickingme with a

religious talk?

We are trying to findtruth and the meaning of

the universe.

Are youinterested?

Yes

No

A Force/Power is a sort of atame and convenient God .

An inconsistent Power

End of theStory

End of theStory

End of theStory

End of theStory

A God ?

No

Yes

No

Mere Christianity

How can we find out more about the thing behind the moral law and

the meaning of the universe?

Looking into the The Universe He Made

Looking inside ourselves,where He wrote the moral laws

He is a great artist

He is quite merciless.The universe is

a very dangerous place.

But you cannot knowa man by looking at the house he built.

The Moral Law does not give us any grounds for thinking that God is “good”

in the sense of being soft and nice..The Moral Law is as hard as nails.If God is like the Moral Law, then

HE IS NOT SOFT.

Do you want to proceed?at your own

risk?

No

Yes

End of theStory

End of theStory

End of theStory

The Moral Law ells you to do the straight thing and it does not seem to care how painful, or dangerous, or difficult it is to do.

Mere Christianity

Is He an ImpersonalAbsolute

Goodness ?

If the universe is not governed by an absolute goodness, then all our efforts are in the long run hopeless.

Yes

No

Absolute Goodness is either the great safety or the great danger - according to the way

you react to it. God is the only comfort and supreme terror

Yes

Have you brokenthe Moral Law?

Do you think you need Forgiveness?

No Yes

No exceptions, or allowancespermitted.

Is He a Personalabsolute

Goodness ?

Christianity tells how the demands of the Moral Law,which we cannot meet, have been met on our behalf, how

God Himself becomes man to save man from the disapproval of God.

End of theStory

Beginning of Chapter 1 of the Great Story ...Which goes on forever: in which every chapter is better

than the one before.

End of theStory

Do you want to find out more

about God

End of theStoryYes

No

Mere Christianity

“My reason for going around in this way was that Christianity simply does not make sense until you have faced the sort of facts I have been describing.

Christianity tells people to repent and promises them forgiveness. It therefore has nothing (as far as I know) to say to people who do not know they have done anything to repent of and who do not feel they need any forgiveness. It is after you have realized that there is a Moral Law, the Power behind the law, and that you have broken that law and put yourself wrong with the Power - it is after all this, and not a moment sooner, that Christianity begins to talk.

Mere Christianity

The Christian religion is, in the long run, a thing of unspeakable comfort. But it does not begin with comfort; it begins with dismay.

In religion, as in war and everything else, comfort is the one thing you cannot get by looking for it. If you look for truth, you may find comfort in the end. If you look for comfort you will not get either comfort or truth - only soap and wishful thinking to begin with and, in the end despair.

All I am doing is to ask people to face the facts - to understand the questions which Christianity claims to answer.”

Mere Christianity

The C.S. Lewis Catechism

Q1. Why does man need God?A1. Because God made man to run on God Himself

Q2. Why did God give free will to man allowing evil to come into the picture?

A2. Because free will is the only thing that makes possibly any love or goodness or joy worth having.

Q3. What did God do to restore / redeem man?A3. God Himself becomes man to save man from the

disapproval of God.

Q4. What is formula of Christianity?A4. That Christ was killed for us, that His death washed out our sins, and that by dying He disabled death itself. That is the formula. That is Christianity. That is

what has to be believed.

Q1 - says in a less elegant way what Augustine said 1500 years ago. "Though hast created us for Thyself and our hearts are restless until they find their rest in you."

Q2 - Lewis leaned more to the semi-pelagian or Arminian side of things on free will than he did of the classiscal reformers (e.g. Luther, Zwingli, Calvin). They all would agree on free will before he Fall, but Lewis held to the idea of free will after the Fall.

Re point three, he seems to operate with the Anselmina view of the atonement, which is held to by Calvinists, Lutherans, and most evangelicals.

Mere Christianity

The C.S. Lewis Catechism

Q5. Is salvation by God's predestination or by human choice?

A4. "I was offered what now appears a moment of wholly free choice. But I feel my decision was not so important. I was the object rather than the subject in this

affair. I was decided upon... I chose, yet it really did not seem possible to do the opposite."

Mere Christianity

C.S. Lewis: Making Pictures

To forbid the making of pictures about God would be to forbid thinking a about God at all, for man is so made that he has no way to think except in pictures. Dorothy Sayers

". . . When [people] try to get rid of man-like, or, as they are called, 'anthropomorphic,' images, they merely succeed in substituting images of some other kinds. 'I don't believe in a personal God,' says one, 'but I do believe in a great spiritual force.' What he has not noticed is that the word 'force' has let in all sorts of images about winds and tides and electricity and gravitation. 'I don't believe in a personal God,' says another, 'but I do believe we are all parts of one great Being which moves and works through us all' -not noticing that he has merely exchanged the image of a fatherly and royal-looking man for the image of some widely extended gas or fluid. A girl I knew was brought up by 'higher thinking' parents to regard God as perfect 'substance.' In later life she realized that this had actually led her to think of Him as something like a vast tapioca pudding. (To make matters worse, she disliked tapioca.) We may feel ourselves quite safe from this degree of absurdity but we are mistaken. If a man watches his own mind, I believe he will find that what profess to be specially advanced or philosophic conceptions of God, are, in his thinking, always accompanied by vague images which, if inspected, would turn out to be even more absurd than the manlike images aroused by Christian theology.

Miracles

Myth

Lewis believed that Christian truth must be defended with sound logic and philosophy. But this apologetic needed to be explicated in order that its meaning could be made clear to its hearers. That is why he felt this could best be accomplished through the proper use of myths. By myth he did not mean legends and fairy tales but a real unfocused gleam of truth falling on human imagination.

In his classic Experiment in Criticism, a book on how to read a book, Lewis lays out six characteristics of literature that that make a myth:

1. it is extra-literary , or independent of the form of the words used; 2. the pleasure of myth depends hardly at all on such unusual narrative attractions as suspense or surprise ; 3. our sympathy with the character is minimal; 4. myth is always fantastic and deals with impossibles and preternaturals ; 5. though the experience may be sad or joyful , it always is grave and never comic; 6. the experience is not only grave but awe inspiring. We feel it to be numinous. It is as if something of great moment has been communicated to us.

Myth

From a theological perspective Lewis saw true myths as memories or echoes of God Himself and He left us with human imagination as their receptor. He explained this relationship in describing how he came to write the Narnia Chronicles, as a mythological expression of the Gospel story:

"It was he [the imaginative man] who, after my conversion, led me to embody my religious belief in symbolical or mythopoeic form, ranging from Screwtape to a kind of theological science fiction. And it was of course he who has brought me, in the last few years, to write the series of Narnian stories for children; not asking what children want and then endeavoring to adapt myself (this was not needed) but because the fairy tale was the genre best fitted for what I wanted to say."

Lewis undertook the daunting task of awakening modernity's deadened imagination to the eternal realities by telling stories of worlds of fixed moral order, serenity and blissfulness. He had help from a few friends in understanding imagination as a vehicle to convey the Reality who stands behind and above the visible world.

Into Narnia:

•At the age of sixteen: picture in his mind of a faun carrying parcels and an umbrella in a snowy forest.

•Other pictures during the war; idea of Aslan (the greatest literary achievement of Lewis) came during the writing of the LWW; “he pulled the other stories after him.”

•Tolkien hated it.

•If were not for Roger Green Lewis would not have completed the first book.

•LWW published in the autumn of 1950, followed by the six other books.

•Mixed reviews

•Theology of the heart;

•I would be in Narnia, wouldn’t you?

Lewis’s Concept of God: The Coming of the Lion

“’They say Aslan is on the move – perhaps has already landed’

"Is He safe?" Their talking beaver friend laughingly replies,

"Safe? Aslan ? No, He is the King. He is a Lion.

He is not safe...but...He is good."

And now a very curious thing happened. None of the children knew who Aslan was any more than you do; but the moment the Beaver had spoken these words everyone felt quite different. Perhaps it has sometimes happened to you in a dream that someone says something which you don’t understand but in the dream it feels as if it had some enormous meaning – either a terrifying one which turns the whole dream into a nightmare or else a lovely meaning too lovely to put into words, which makes the dream so beautiful that you remember it all your life and are always wishing you could get into that dream again. It was like that now. At the name of Aslan each one of the children felt something jump inside. Edmund felt a sensation of mysterious horror. Peter felt suddenly brave and adventurous. Susan felt as if some delicious smell or some delightful strain of music had just floated by her. And Lucy got the feeling you have when you wake up in the morning and and realize that its the beginning of the holidays or the beginning of summer.” The LWW

Shawdowlands - Themes

Pain and God's Power

"Lay down this book and reflect for five minutes on the fact that all of the great religions were first preached, and long practiced, in a world without chloroform." (The Problem of Pain)

Pain and God's Goodness

"A man can no more diminish God's glory by refusing to worship Him than a lunatic can put out the sun by scribbling 'darkness' on the walls of his cell." (The Problem of Pain)

Grief and Faith

"No one ever told me that grief felt so like fear." (A Grief Observed)

The Shadowlands

"The world is like a picture with a golden background, and we the figures in the picture. Until you step off the plane of the picture into the large dimensions of death you cannot see the gold." (The Problem of Pain)

"For a good wife contains so many persons in herself. What was H. not to me? She was my daughter and my mother, my pupil and my teacher, my subject and my sovereign; and always, holding all these in solution, my trusty comrade, friend, shipmate fellow-soldier. My mistress; but at the same time all that any man friend (and I have good ones) has ever been to me. Perhaps more. If we had never fallen in love we should have none the less been always together, and created a scandal.“

CS Lewis

He took in more, he felt more, he remember more, he invented more … His writings record an intense awareness, a vigorous reaction, a taking of the world into his heart … His blacks and whites of good and evil and his ecstasies and miseries were the tokens of a capacity for experience beyond our scope.

Austin Farrer on C.S. Lewis

There was one candle on the coffin as it was carried out into the churchyard. It seemed not only appropriate but also a symbol of the man and his integrity and absoluteness and his faith that the flame burned so steadily, even in an open air, and seemed so bright, even in the bright sun.

Peter Bayley at Lewis’s funeral

Conclusion

It is the way Lewis thoroughly integrated his Christian faith into his scholarly work that leaves the largest legacy and which has impressed me and blessed me most.

Lewis taught me... how to long for God and seek true joy. How to integrate a Christian worldview with my vocation, my family life, and my inner self.

If go to Lewis for ultimate answers you will be disappointed. In all his writings, Lewis tried to point to Christ.

The impact of Lewis on my life has been great. He has challenged me to grow in my faith so that I’m not afraid to engage spiritually and intellectually with a world hostile to God. But above all he has taught me that the power of the imagination is one of the greatest tool we have to bridge the gap into the secular mind. My tropical-Latin-culture- mind found in Lewis a way to conciliate samba, soccer, engineering, theology, joy … which is consistent with a Reformed worldview.

“ Mr. Jack, ‘e never ‘ad no idea of money. ’Is mind was always set on ‘igher things.”Lewis’s gardener

“You’ll never get to the bottom of him.” JRR Tolkien