The Raven Review Literary Elements The following is a list of literary elements and their meanings....

The RavenThe Raven

ReviewReview

Literary ElementsLiterary Elements

The following is a list of literary elements and The following is a list of literary elements and their meanings. Use these definitions to help their meanings. Use these definitions to help

develop a deeper understanding of develop a deeper understanding of

““The RavenThe Raven.” .”

Literary ElementsLiterary Elements

Alliteration Assonance Character MetaphorAlliteration Assonance Character Metaphor

Personification Plot Point of View Repetition Personification Plot Point of View Repetition

Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme ToneRhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone

1. 1. Alliteration Alliteration -- The repeating of consonant sounds. The repeating of consonant sounds.

2. 2. Assonance Assonance - The repeating of vowel sounds. - The repeating of vowel sounds.

3. 3. Metaphor Metaphor -- A figure of speech where a word or phrase that usually means one thing is applied to something else in order to suggest a likeness between the two.

4. 4. PersonificationPersonification - Giving an inanimate object human qualities. - Giving an inanimate object human qualities.

5. 5. Repetition Repetition - Repeating a word, phrase, line or sound over and over - Repeating a word, phrase, line or sound over and over for greater effect. for greater effect.

6. 6. Rhyme Rhyme -- Ending sounds in two or more words are the same or Ending sounds in two or more words are the same or similar. There can be either internal rhyme where the last word of a similar. There can be either internal rhyme where the last word of a line is the same as or similar to a word in the middle of the line or line is the same as or similar to a word in the middle of the line or end rhymes where the last word in two or more lines are the same end rhymes where the last word in two or more lines are the same or similar. or similar.

CharacterCharacter - Also, characterization. How is each individual described? - Also, characterization. How is each individual described? What kind of personality does each have? What are their hopes, What kind of personality does each have? What are their hopes, dreams, morals, strengths and weaknesses, fears? Is he a coward dreams, morals, strengths and weaknesses, fears? Is he a coward or hero and why? or hero and why?

Direct characterization Direct characterization - The character told you something directly. - The character told you something directly.

Indirect characterization Indirect characterization - Another character told you something or - Another character told you something or you saw the character DO something that leads you to understand you saw the character DO something that leads you to understand some aspect of his personality. some aspect of his personality.

PlotPlot - This is the storyline, the events, the ‘what happens’ in the - This is the storyline, the events, the ‘what happens’ in the story/poem. Conflict, as part of the plot is the disagreement, the story/poem. Conflict, as part of the plot is the disagreement, the problem to be solved, that especially in “The Raven” builds problem to be solved, that especially in “The Raven” builds suspense. suspense.

SettingSetting - The where and when of the story. Descriptions can direct by - The where and when of the story. Descriptions can direct by the author, or told or implied by a character. Besides orienting the the author, or told or implied by a character. Besides orienting the action in place and time, the setting plays a big part in the overall action in place and time, the setting plays a big part in the overall feeling one gets when reading a story or poem. feeling one gets when reading a story or poem.

Setting Setting - The where and when of the story. Descriptions can direct by - The where and when of the story. Descriptions can direct by the author, or told or implied by a character. Besides orienting the the author, or told or implied by a character. Besides orienting the action in place and time, the setting plays a big part in the overall action in place and time, the setting plays a big part in the overall feeling one gets when reading a story or poem. feeling one gets when reading a story or poem.

Tone Tone - Tone is the overall ‘feeling’ of the poem- happy, scary, and - Tone is the overall ‘feeling’ of the poem- happy, scary, and thoughtful, etc. Tone implies the author’s attitude for what he/she thoughtful, etc. Tone implies the author’s attitude for what he/she has written and all the other elements work together to create this has written and all the other elements work together to create this feeling. feeling.

Theme Theme - Theme is the underlying message, the ‘main idea’ of the - Theme is the underlying message, the ‘main idea’ of the story or poem. It is what the story/poem is ‘about’ when you strip story or poem. It is what the story/poem is ‘about’ when you strip off the characters and setting. off the characters and setting.

Symbolism Symbolism - Symbolism is using one word or object to represent - Symbolism is using one word or object to represent another word or object. For example, a dove often symbolizes or another word or object. For example, a dove often symbolizes or represents peace. represents peace.

11st st Person Person - This is a narrator who is a character and tells of the - This is a narrator who is a character and tells of the events through his/her own experience and perspective. The events through his/her own experience and perspective. The personal pronoun “I” is used. The narrator’s thoughts and feelings personal pronoun “I” is used. The narrator’s thoughts and feelings are known, while those of other characters are filtered through the are known, while those of other characters are filtered through the narrator. narrator.

33rd rd Person Limited Person Limited - Similar to the 1- Similar to the 1st st Person P.O.V. in that the Person P.O.V. in that the information is filtered through the eyes on one character, but the information is filtered through the eyes on one character, but the narrator is not a character. The narrator is telling the story through narrator is not a character. The narrator is telling the story through one character’s eyes and ears, so the reader learns only what that one character’s eyes and ears, so the reader learns only what that one character knows. Third person pronouns (he, she, they) are one character knows. Third person pronouns (he, she, they) are used. used.

33rd rd Person Omniscient Person Omniscient - Similar to the 3- Similar to the 3rd rd Person Limited P.O.V. in that Person Limited P.O.V. in that it uses the third person pronouns (he, she, they), but the it uses the third person pronouns (he, she, they), but the perspective is not limited to one character. It can and will change perspective is not limited to one character. It can and will change from the thoughts, feelings and ideas of one character to another.from the thoughts, feelings and ideas of one character to another.

Practice TestPractice Test

The following is a list of literary elements The following is a list of literary elements and examples taken from the Poem. and examples taken from the Poem.

Which literary term does each example Which literary term does each example represent? represent?




midnight dreary, dying embers, chamber midnight dreary, dying embers, chamber




midnight dreary, dying embers, chamber midnight dreary, dying embers, chamber

SettingSetting




"Desolate, yet all undaunted, on this "Desolate, yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted - " desert land enchanted - "




"Desolate, yet all undaunted, on this "Desolate, yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted - " desert land enchanted - "

MetaphorMetaphor




Dreary, uncertain, terrors, implore, Dreary, uncertain, terrors, implore, mysterymystery

Alliteration Assonance Character Metaphor

Personification Plot Point of View Repetition

Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone

Dreary, uncertain, terrors, implore, mystery

Tone




Chamber door, shore, explore, bore, core, Chamber door, shore, explore, bore, core, o’er o’er




Chamber door, shore, explore, bore, core, Chamber door, shore, explore, bore, core, o’er o’er

RhymeRhyme




Grim, ungainly, ghastly, gauntGrim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt




Grim, ungainly, ghastly, gauntGrim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt

AlliterationAlliteration




"To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned "To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core." into my bosom's core."




"To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned "To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core." into my bosom's core."

MetaphorMetaphor




Open here I flung the shutter, when, with Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and fluttermany a flirt and flutter




Open here I flung the shutter, when, with Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and fluttermany a flirt and flutter

RhymeRhyme




NevermoreNevermore




NevermoreNevermore

RepetitionRepetition




The fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into The fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom’s coremy bosom’s core




The fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into The fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom’s coremy bosom’s core

CharacterCharacter




Quoth the Raven “Nevermore”Quoth the Raven “Nevermore”



Rhyme Setting Symbolism Theme Tone

Quoth the Raven “Nevermore”Quoth the Raven “Nevermore”

PersonificationPersonification




Weak and wearyWeak and weary




Weak and wearyWeak and weary

AlliterationAlliteration




Purple curtainPurple curtain




Purple curtainPurple curtain

AssonanceAssonance




His eyes have all the seeing of a demon’s His eyes have all the seeing of a demon’s that is dreamingthat is dreaming




His eyes have all the seeing of a demon’s His eyes have all the seeing of a demon’s that is dreamingthat is dreaming

MetaphorMetaphor




My soul … shall be lifted - nevermoreMy soul … shall be lifted - nevermore




My soul … shall be lifted - nevermoreMy soul … shall be lifted - nevermore

ThemeTheme

Multiple ChoiceMultiple Choice

On the test you will be asked to write the On the test you will be asked to write the letter of the correct answer in the space letter of the correct answer in the space

before each questionbefore each question. .

_____ 1. _____ 1. In Poe's "The Raven," the narrator tells a In Poe's "The Raven," the narrator tells a story about himself that took place within his story about himself that took place within his

private chamber. At the very start of the poem, what private chamber. At the very start of the poem, what does the narrator describe his emotional state as? does the narrator describe his emotional state as?

• A. Joyful and happyA. Joyful and happy• B. Restless and anxiousB. Restless and anxious• C. Sad and tiredC. Sad and tired• D. Angry and frightenedD. Angry and frightened

____ 2. When does this poem take place? ____ 2. When does this poem take place?

• A. Once upon a midnight dreary A. Once upon a midnight dreary • B. Once we can’t remember when B. Once we can’t remember when • C. Once long ago, we made merry C. Once long ago, we made merry • D. Once upon an evening early D. Once upon an evening early

____ 3. ____ 3. What was the author doing at the beginning What was the author doing at the beginning of the poem when he heard the rapping at his door?of the poem when he heard the rapping at his door?

• A. Reading a book A. Reading a book • B. Writing a letter B. Writing a letter • C. Eating dinner C. Eating dinner • D. Reading old love lettersD. Reading old love letters

____ 4.The narrator is lamenting the loss of whom? ____ 4.The narrator is lamenting the loss of whom?

• A. Nora A. Nora • B. Marion B. Marion • C. Lenore C. Lenore • D. Leanne D. Leanne

____ 4.The narrator is lamenting the loss of whom?____ 4.The narrator is lamenting the loss of whom?

• A. Nora A. Nora • B. Marion B. Marion • C. Lenore C. Lenore • D. Leanne D. Leanne

_____ 5. _____ 5. When the author first heard the "rapping at When the author first heard the "rapping at his chamber door", who did he think was outside?his chamber door", who did he think was outside?

• A. His neighbour, who had been dead for A. His neighbour, who had been dead for three years three years

• B. The raven B. The raven • C. Some late night visitorC. Some late night visitor• D. The landlordD. The landlord

_____6. When the narrator opens the door, he finds _____6. When the narrator opens the door, he finds no one there. Where is the Raven? no one there. Where is the Raven?

• A. Already in the chamber A. Already in the chamber • B. Hiding behind the door B. Hiding behind the door • C. On the window latticeC. On the window lattice• D. Sitting in his chair D. Sitting in his chair

_____ 7. Besides, “Nevermore,” what else does the _____ 7. Besides, “Nevermore,” what else does the Raven say? Raven say?

• A. “Lenore” A. “Lenore” • B. “Alone, Lonely, Soul” B. “Alone, Lonely, Soul” • C. “Nora” C. “Nora” • D. He didn't say anything else D. He didn't say anything else

_____ 7. Besides, “Nevermore,” what else does the _____ 7. Besides, “Nevermore,” what else does the Raven say? Raven say?

• A. “Lenore” A. “Lenore” • B. “Alone, Lonely, Soul” B. “Alone, Lonely, Soul” • C. “Nora” C. “Nora” • D. He didn't say anything else

_____ 8. _____ 8. How did the raven get into the house?How did the raven get into the house?

• A. He stepped in the window A. He stepped in the window • B. He flew in the door B. He flew in the door • C. He was already in the houseC. He was already in the house• D. He came in through the skylightD. He came in through the skylight

____ 9. What does the raven symbolize in the ____ 9. What does the raven symbolize in the poem? poem?

• A. An evil supernatural being A. An evil supernatural being • B. It was only the lost pet of a poor woman B. It was only the lost pet of a poor woman • C. A bringer of good news C. A bringer of good news • D. None of the AboveD. None of the Above

_____ 10. _____ 10. What does the word croaking What does the word croaking suggest in the following lines: “What this suggest in the following lines: “What this

grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore / Meant in croaking bird of yore / Meant in croaking

Nevermore’”?Nevermore’”?

• A. eatingA. eating• B. flyingB. flying• C. dyingC. dying• D. repeatingD. repeating

____ 11. What is the narrator afraid the Raven will ____ 11. What is the narrator afraid the Raven will do? do?

• A. Peck his eyes out A. Peck his eyes out • B. Bring a flock of ravens into his chamber B. Bring a flock of ravens into his chamber • C. Ruin his bust of Pallas C. Ruin his bust of Pallas • D. Leave him like everyone else has done D. Leave him like everyone else has done

_____ 12. _____ 12. What does the author call the bird What does the author call the bird throughout the poem?throughout the poem?

• A. Lenore A. Lenore • B. Prophet B. Prophet • C. My friendC. My friend• D. RavenD. Raven

____ 13. In what emotional state is the narrator by ____ 13. In what emotional state is the narrator by the end of the poem? the end of the poem?

• A. Happier than in days of yore A. Happier than in days of yore • B. His soul is floating on the floor B. His soul is floating on the floor • C. Will soon be sleeping more and more C. Will soon be sleeping more and more • D. Can’t decide between yes, or no D. Can’t decide between yes, or no

_____ 14. _____ 14. Readers can infer from the poem’s Readers can infer from the poem’s conclusion that the speaker will—conclusion that the speaker will—

• A. die soonA. die soon• B. never escape his despairB. never escape his despair• C. be reunited with LenoreC. be reunited with Lenore• D. make his sorrow the subject of a great D. make his sorrow the subject of a great

poempoem

_____15. How does the tone of the poem and the _____15. How does the tone of the poem and the feelings of the narrator change by the end of the feelings of the narrator change by the end of the

poem? poem?

• A. The tone lightens as the narrator grows A. The tone lightens as the narrator grows wearier wearier

• B. The tone darkens and becomes ominous as B. The tone darkens and becomes ominous as the narrator becomes contented the narrator becomes contented

• C. The tone darkens and becomes ominous as C. The tone darkens and becomes ominous as the narrator becomes more agitated the narrator becomes more agitated

• D. The tone lightens as the narrator becomes D. The tone lightens as the narrator becomes calmer and happier calmer and happier

_____ 16. In the end, where does the Raven settle, _____ 16. In the end, where does the Raven settle, never to move? never to move?

• A. On the Window Lattice A. On the Window Lattice • B. On the pallid bust of Pallas B. On the pallid bust of Pallas • C. On his shoulder, pecking his ear C. On his shoulder, pecking his ear • D. On the rug upon the floor D. On the rug upon the floor

_____ 17. What is implied by the fact that the Raven _____ 17. What is implied by the fact that the Raven will leave him ‘Nevermore’? will leave him ‘Nevermore’?

• A. He will have to shoot the bird A. He will have to shoot the bird • B. He will always be tormented by his B. He will always be tormented by his

thoughts of lost love thoughts of lost love • C. He will soon be evicted for keeping a pet C. He will soon be evicted for keeping a pet • D. He will now have a friend and never feel D. He will now have a friend and never feel

loneliness again loneliness again

_____ 18._____ 18. Does "The Raven" relate to Greek Does "The Raven" relate to Greek mythology? mythology?

• A. Yes. The bust of Athena and the devil bird A. Yes. The bust of Athena and the devil bird from the Plutonian shore.from the Plutonian shore.

• B. No. The story relates only to Gothic B. No. The story relates only to Gothic LiteratureLiterature

• C. No. The story relates only to birds.C. No. The story relates only to birds.• D. Yes. The Raven is like Icarus.D. Yes. The Raven is like Icarus.

_____ 19. _____ 19. The narrator in desperation asks The narrator in desperation asks the raven "is there balm in Gilead?" From the raven "is there balm in Gilead?" From

where did Poe get this question?where did Poe get this question?

• A. The BibleA. The Bible• B. Medieval philosophyB. Medieval philosophy• C. The Greek classicsC. The Greek classics• D. British poetryD. British poetry

_____ 20. _____ 20. The speaker can best be The speaker can best be described as a— described as a—

• A. lonely, elderly man longing for visitorsA. lonely, elderly man longing for visitors• B. magician conjuring up evil spiritsB. magician conjuring up evil spirits• C. poet seeking inspiration for a new workC. poet seeking inspiration for a new work• D. melancholy person trying to forget a D. melancholy person trying to forget a

great tragedygreat tragedy

The Raven Review Literary Elements The following is a list of literary elements and their meanings....

Documents

Transcript of The Raven Review Literary Elements The following is a list of literary elements and their meanings....