The Qur'an and Combat

7/30/2019 The Qur'an and Combat

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English Monograph Series — Book No. 18

THE

QURANAND

COMBATImam Mahmoud Muhammad Shaltut



O ye who believe! When ye meet an

army, hold rm and think o Allahmuch, that ye may be success ul.

Qu ’a , Al-An al , 8:45



Books in the series

1. t Amma M ag 2008

2. F y had D v M cy2009

3. J ad a d i lam c Law f Wa 2009

4. A C mm W d B w a d Y u2009

5. B dy C u 2009

6. t h ly Qu ’a a d e v m 2010

7. Add h. h. P p B d c XVI2010

8. k y J u al m2010

9. i lam, C a y a d e v m2011

10. t F UN W ld i fa ha m y W 201111. i lam a d P ac 2012

12. r a a d ra al y Qu ’a2012

13. t C c p f Fa i lam2012

14. Wa fa Qu ’a2012

15. Add J da a sc la A c a2012

16. o i a l D ma d f r c g f a ‘J w s a ’ 2012

17. W y s uld Mu l m Al-Ma j d Al-Aq a?2012

18. t Qu ’a a d C mba 2012



THE

QURANAND

COMBATimam a m ud s al u

Grand Imam o Al-Azhar1893–1963

English Monograph Series

№

Translated by:amya l-k a a



· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·MABDA · e gl g a s · n . 18t Qu ’a a d C mbaISBN: 978-9957-428-55-6

· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

© 2012 t r yal al l- ay i u i lam c t ug20 sa' d r ad, abuqPO BOX 950361

mma 11195, JORDANwww. c.j /

ll g v d. n a b may b duc d u l d a y m by a y m a , l c c m c a c, clud g -

c y g c d g by a y ma ag a d val yw u w m ubl .

V w x d e ay s d c a ly c RABIIT adv y b a d.

ty by m u cajs sab a d e a d

LEGAL DEPOSIT NUMBERt ha m k gd m da na al b a y2012/9/3470



7

Preface

t a b d, a d ac b u h g , u-ammad, w wa by d a a m cy all ma d.

d r v al d h ly Qu ’a u ammad cla y all g ; c b uma y c c d

a d g m al y a d w u w ga z ula am g ac a ma a wa d

y a y a d v g .t a udy c mba (qitaal ) gl a d m h ly

Qu ’a ; m a l c u i d l v d egy aad . i w d aga w m

l may ad a d b f a d a , y a cl d, l may al ma

i duc i clud w a i a d al a -ac Qu ’a c x g . i al d cu a ad v m c ubj c a cula .

t a c d cu ll w g ubj c : a u call i lam (da’wah ); h ly Qu ’a a d l g -

macy c mba ; h ly Qu ’a a d ga za c mba a d ul . t a c c clud a ac -

cal c mba w c (p ) a d w Calc duc d wa a xac a d c c a l ca w a h ly Qu ’a c b ga d l g ma c mba ,

ga za a d ul .t w a y u w ll ad udy a d my -



8

v a d a d m w w a aw w d m.

M y success is only with God. In Him I trust and to Him I turn [repentant]. (Hud,

11:88)

— a m ud s al u , uly 1951



9

The Ideal Approach to

Qur’anic Exegesist a w a ac Qu ’a c x g :

t F ac : t x g x la va d c a h ly Qu ’a ad al da d luc da m a g w d a d lab w v . t a ac a l av b -c m am l a w ; a ld a Qu ’a c x g lo c a ac c a ac a x g a va d a x g w v . F am l , x g w a mm d c c w ll m l y c g v hQu ’a . w , x g w a mm d m l-

gy a d y ax w ll m l y a g w d a a m a a . ex g w a mm d y wm l y a d w , y may v b m d a

a a d la uda ca, Isra’iliyyat ; w udu v ga c u y. Fu m , x g w a

mm d l y w ll j y d cu g c a u a dc a a d w ll b c d x g . W

y a mm d l gy a d ju ud c , -a w ll d ub b c l u d by g a d

. t va d a ac Qu ’a c x g mayma d fcul l w u Qu ’a c c mm -

a v u da c , a u a c a d w d m f d



10

g . a ul f a ac , v a m m

x la d way a al u m a g u

a d m m y a v c d d av b ab-ga d. o m v a d ba

u dam al ul d v d m ju ud al b a cby ad madhabs ( c l ug ). t ul a

a b u dam al a a d u da d g h ly Qu ’a a d su a a d d v g

ul a d law . t d a l g la g law a d V g la bu d d c ac

a a b l a d d g u . t uw may a m ay: “t v d ag w su madhab b cau all g cal a (ta’weel )

uc a d uc .” o y may ay: “t v d ag w ha afmadhab a all g cal a-

uc a d uc .” o y m g ay: “t v , v – a u d v y m – a c m a blw l g macy c mba (qitaal ) a d a ab ga d.”

t u h ly Qu ’a a b c m b a c a wa , a ll w a wa ll w d a d m gw g d by a cal a wa cal by w c all g

m a u . d ay h ly Qu ’a :

I you should quarrel about anything, re er it to God and the Messenger, i you believe in God and the

Last Day … (Al-Nisa’, 4:59)



11

r g d g h , a d g (p ) g su a . u y

av v d a d av v u d l g la a d av

d d’ a d su a h a d madhabs m a . d ay :

T hey have taken their rabbis and their monks aslords beside God … (Al-Tawbah, 9:31)

i x g v l-Fa l-raz la a a d:

i w d a g u ju m a l a vm h ly Qu ’a w c d m la-

a cula u ; madhabs w a ddw v a d y d d acc m ay

m a y d. i ad, y c u d l a m a m a ay:“h w ca w c m ly ww a v ay w a a v wcam b u a dd w m?”

l-raz la d ab u , av ma y c la uc a l- azal , l-izz b bdul-salaam

a d ma y .t c cu u m d g h ly Qu ’a

a d bac a la b w Qu ’aa d ju ud c a d b l u d cau d a d l-l c ual c a ga d h ly Qu ’a a d m a -



12

g . t c a ad a m ac ma g l l av h ly Qu ’a a d l g x g .t s c d ac : t x g c ll c all v

a g a a cula ubj c a d a alyz m c ll c-v ly a d ud w y la ac . i wa

x g ca a v a a judg m va d b c m cl a w a v a ay g. W a ac x g al ca m a a

a y v , a v v al m a g; a d g d m w d v W d. i u

v w, c d a ac d al a ac Qu ’a cx g ; a cula ly ad Qu ’

gu da c a d w a c a Qu ’a d alw a ju u ly cal a d av ac cala l ca v yday l .

t a ac al abl x g d al w ma y

ac cal u , ac a a a d d d . tway l may w ubj c h ly Qu ’a w cl a l a d w w cl ly l d Qu ’a

ac cal da ly l v . t ubj c clud : Qu ’a a d l g la , Qu ’a a d c c ,

Qu ’a a d am ly, Qu ’a a d qu c al ga g , Qu ’a a d u m, Qu ’a a d

c m c , Qu ’a a d ac fc , Qu ’a a d d- a d a d a a a bu ld a g a d

u g a . i way l a a u d, a ac-cal a d cl a way a h ly Qu ’a a m v d

m l v way y bl m



13

t y a a u d a h ly Qu ’a ju a ualb w l m x la w b cl

lm g y w u c c g l w ac c

x g c da ly l . t al a d c u w d ad ly g al bu am g ma y l wcla m b , w m l cla m, a c la . i y

uc l h ly Qu ’a b c m m ly a c ll c x c l m m d a , a v d’ c al g ug . t a ju c h ly Qu ’a , d d a ju c

l m lv , m d a d c a c g d l w c y w ll w d v a u

u c wl dg , w d m, l g la , l c , duca-, f m a d all d ma ag u a

l w a uma . d ay h ly Qu ’a :

T ruly this Qur’an guides to that which is straight-est and gives tidings to the believers who per ormrighteous deeds that there is a great reward or them.(Al-Isra’, 17:9)

t a ac a w av d c b d b a g uu w ll w a d c m m

ll h ly Qu ’a a d l g la . i al u x g ac ac w ubj c w d cu

a d lac m a v m d l va vw may u u d a d a . t m c -

c x la a h ly Qu ’a x la a



14

x g ab b m Qu ’a l . i a a d a y u g h ly Qu ’a m c a a cula v , bu w ad a v d cu

am ubj c , c u v l d a d v al d mi wa u w , a d a m m bl d w l -

g u g , a w a ac Qu ’a c x g a c h ly Qu ’a may b w a d

ud d u ly a d a ma c m ua may v l Qu ’a ’ u d b au y. ou

w Qu ’a b ud d a m c cua ac a d a ma a a c d x c ala d mag g a u d m d a u c uld

bly b l v . i my a w a ac Qu ’a c x g l may f d w a ul y a

m l a g ab u gu da c h ly Qu ’aa d c m la g c a d w d m a d b f g

m c l a d ac g .Y a ag , i a l d c d a ac ubj c The Qur’an and Women a d i b l v a w ad w g d m w a a d a u d a

t c i uld w l d cu , u l z g c da ac , The Qur’an and Combat . C mba a v y al

u ubl d m a d ma y l d a ag

i lam ma c mba . a g h ly Qu ’a ’w c a d ul ga d g c mba , ju fabcau a d u a v b m g

. t h ly Qu ’a v u a i lam l v aca d a bl d d a d l l a



17

The Nature of Islamic Da’wah

t x l ubj c l u f u d a d a u i lam cda’wah ( call g i lam) a d a w qu -

w qu c c . W a v d mb ac a c l , may u ad w

a a u d a d c d a , may f d ul va d d fcul acc . t w m a a g w

v yday l a d d d c g z u lv . W a a b d ? t a cl a . W a ua w a v d mb ac a g wa d, u c m l

ca d, u lab u d a d d ma ly u u lyc a a y g a d uma a u , w c g z a a cl a u a d aw u . u uc a d

d a y g x a u l ad . i , w-

v , c m l ca d, c ad c y a d w d, b c ma da bl m a ul l a d m w c m du away. W ca , uc c l b ly m av b m d l . u c d

w c w y call i lam (da’wah ) b l g .d u ammad (p ) a a val

b w g a a call , a b a g d d g

a d a wa (Al-Ma’idah , 5:19). t lm g y v al d u ammad a b c a g u dam -

al a mma ( u l m c mmu y)a d d v dual. t h ly Qu ’a c mma d judg -m by a , m a z v d c , c u ag c ca d wl dg , d a l ul a d b u d acc abl



18

b av u a d u m u c m . i call m cy, c u ag g u , m ac , ud d , v a , d m u dam

l c a d c l c al ac , fba a d c u , ba l m al ag a a dd a v bl d m a way a ci c l a y av a l m xal

a l , a l w bl ma a d xal. i ll uma y a a ’ d

b g g; a l a d m d by l w ld. t u wa call g, da’wah ,

u ammad (p ). i m c l wa m m, w , a d a , o d w ab v a y

a d all m c d a d qual c m a abl h c a u :

T he Originator o the heavens and the earth; howshould He have a son, when He has no consort,and He created everything, and He has knowledge o all things? { 101 } That then is God, your Lord. There isno god but Him, the Creator o all things. So worshipHim. And He is Guardian over all things. { 102 } Visioncannot attain Him, but He attains [all] vision. And He

is the Subtle, the Aware. { 103 } (Al-An’am, 6:101–103)

i lam u uma y a d l va m w -g m g a ca a , m g a

a m ul b fc al. i lam c f m all l -



19

g a av c d d a d d a y c l . i al ma d c b w a y

, all w m call d m m, j d g d

d d a d j c d w gd g. ll al call d v u a d j c m al d av y. d ay h ly Qu ’a :

S ay: ‘We believe in God, and in that which hasbeen revealed to us, and revealed to Abraham,

Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the Tribes, and that whichwas given to Moses, and Jesus, and the prophets, romtheir Lord, we make no division between any o them,and to Him we submit’. { 136 } And i they believe in thelike o what you believe in, then they are truly guided;but i they turn away, then they are clearly in schism;God will su ce you against them; He is the Hearer,

the Knower.{ 137 }

(Al-Baqarah, 2:136–137)

d:

S ay: ‘O People o the Scripture! Come now to aword agreed upon between us and you, that we

worship none but God and that we do not associate

anything with Him, and do not take each other orlords, beside God’; and i they turn their backs, say,‘Bear witness that we have submitted’. (Aal-Imran,3:64)

d:



20

A nd do not dispute with the People o the Scrip-ture unless it be with that, bettering the most

virtuous way, except [in the case o ] those o them who

have done wrong, and say: ‘We believe in that whichhas been revealed to us and revealed to you our God and your God is one [and the same], and to Him wesubmit’. (Al-Ankabut, 29:46)

d:

H e has prescribed or you as a religion that whichHe enjoined upon Noah and that which We have

revealed to you, and that which We enjoined uponAbraham, and Moses, and Jesus [declaring], ‘Estab-lish religion and do not be divided in it’… (Al-Shura,42:13)

t v , am g , d f i lam’da’wah a dw u a cl a , v d , u c m l ca d, a d c u ab l y a d amb gu y. n m d ca abl d g -

g a d l w a u al uma ug . i call v u l g a d call v u g

ac call uma a u a d uma c a d c g u w a a d u d a d g

T he mark o God; and who has a better mark thanGod? (Al-Baqarah, 2:138)

A nature given by God, upon which He origi-nated mankind. There is no changing God’s



21

creation. That is the upright religion … (Al-Rum,30:30)

t i lam cda’wah . uc a call d c c ga ad ? t a w uld b a ul i lam, w uld

l l m a d w uld ly v c a b acl i lam’ a . i a l c c d m g;

c m ll d a d c d, d a c a , c a dc , l al b abl b l v . em l y g

c c a a m a ga ad w a call c m l x y, v y a d amb gu y. i w uld al u away m a a d m d uma y; d ub w uld b a g av ju c a d w uld away m g a uma a a d m d; a bl ju c call. i w uld al b v call a d w uld ly ba b acl way. i w uld b c m bl a

call a w ucc d u u a m w l c a -g w l l m a cau w w a aul ma ly x c , c m a a v a d d b au y.

n w a a b cla f d, w c uld l av a a ,c fd a l w ll a c a a d u a a gu d-

g c l ma i lam a d c mba . h w v ,

w w ll c u lv w , w w ll x a d cuda’wah l a d a y m al-

l w c c ma a a d a y m ca d c c . o x c a aw l -v d , a d m v al v w a d a c .



22

t h ly Qu ’a ll u cl a ly a d d wl b c m b l v by way c a d c m ul-, a by way g, g a d c g. t

Qu ’a al ll u a d wa d a d am l , h w uld av m d m a d c -

a d m b l a g l w d d b y da d d a h c mma d b cau a a u a d

way y w c a d. d d wa a a dl av ma d c b l u b l , b wgu da c a d g g a ay. d c a d uma a d gav

m uma a u a d uma c . h m d m a d call m c m la gd m av a d a :

S o that people might have no argument against God a ter the messengers … (Al-Nisa’, 4:165)

L est you should say: ‘There has not come to usany bearer o good tidings nor any warner’ …

(Al-Ma’idah, 5:19)

suc d’ w ll w c h mad cl a h lyQu ’a :

H ad your Lord willed, He would have made man-kind one community, but they continue to di er,

{ 118 } except those on whom your Lord has mercy;



23

and that is why He created them… { 119 } (Hud, 11:118–119)

A nd i your Lord willed, all who are in the earthwould have believed together. Would you then

compel people until they are believers? (Yunus, 10:99)

I God had willed, He would have made you onecommunity, but that He may try you in what He has

given to you. So vie with one another in good works;to God you shall all return, and He will then in ormyou o that in which you di ered. (Al-Ma’idah, 5:48)

A nd i their aversion is grievous or you, then,i you can, seek out a hole in the earth, or a

ladder to heaven, that you may bring them a sign,

but had God willed, He would have gathered themtogether in guidance; so do not be among the ignorant.(Al-An’am, 6:35)

c m c su a v aw a u d d.t y call m m, w ly C aba d g , c , cl a a d c c ;

w xc a a d c qu xc v d c . o f d a v aw ma by way c a d c m ul . t h ly Qu ’a ll

u a n a (p ) a d l :



24

‘ O my people, have you considered i I am [acting]upon a clear proo rom my Lord and He has

given me mercy rom Him, and it has been obscured

rom you, can we compel you to it, while you areaverse to it? (Hud, 11:28)

d h ly Qu ’a la a l ad ay g :

‘ OHud, you have not brought us any clear proo ,and we are not going to orsake our gods on [the

basis o ] your saying, and we are not believers in you.(Hud, 11:53)

d Hud a w :

T ruly I have put my trust in God, my Lord and your Lord; there is no creature, but He takes it by the orelock. Surely my Lord is on a straight path.{ 56 } And i you turn away, still I have conveyed toyou that wherewith I was sent to you… { 57 } (Hud,11:56–57)

d b a am (p ) call a a d a dg l ma , by way a gum , , m a dc c c :

‘Omy ather! Indeed there has come to me o knowledge that which has not come to you. So



25

ollow me that I may guide you to a path that is right.

{ 43 } O my ather! Do not worship Satan. Truly Satanis disobedient to the Compassionate One. { 44 } O my

ather! I do ear lest a chastisement rom the Compas-sionate One should be all you and then you becomean ally o Satan. { 45 } He said, ‘Are you renouncing my

gods, O Abraham? I you do not desist, I shall surelyassail you; and stay away rom me or a long time’.{ 46 } He said, ‘Peace be to you. I shall ask orgivenesso my Lord or you. Truly He is ever gracious to me.{ 47 } And I shall shun you and that which you call upon besides God. I will supplicate my Lord — hope-

ully in calling upon my Lord I shall not be wretched’.{ 48 } (Maryam, 19:43–48)

d d ay a d a w h u

m w call g l h m:

G o the two o you to Pharaoh. Truly he has trans- gressed [the bounds ]. { 43 } And speak to him

gentle words that perhaps he may be mind ul or ear’.{ 44 } (Ta Ha, 20:43–44)

i w c m la ab v v , w uldc m u d a d a ly w a d gav h

v u g – w y w u d wda’wah – wa cl a a gum a u a d call g

a d’ w . t acc da c wd’ su a ga d g b l a d u b l , gu da c a d



26

g g a ay. d ll u ammad (p ) all h ly Qu ’a w c h x la w -

g aga dda’wah . d ay

h ly Qu ’a :

T hey are the ones whom God has guided; so ollowtheir guidance. (Al-An’am, 6:90)

t d luc da (p ) way da’wah a d aga g ag u qu a dc m v v :

C all to the way o your Lord with wisdom and airexhortation, and dispute with them by way o that

which is best … (Al-Nahl, 16:125)

t c l w c u ammad’(p ) da’wah , call d, wa ba d:

S ay: ‘This is my way: I call to God, being upon sureknowledge, I and whoever ollows me. So Glory

be to God! and I am not o the idolaters’. (Yusu ,12:108)

t c d g v d c b a u u ammad’ (p ) da’wah a d a ll w -

g a d . u a a cula qual y ww c d xclu v ly d w d u ammad’(p ) : h mad m w wa



27

a away m m l y g c c , c m ul a dc al x d a d d d u a

ma l b l v . t da’wahs a l

ad b acc m a d by cl a m acl a duc dl b l v ; m acl uc a b g g d ad

bac l , al g bl d a d al g l c.. uw ga d u ammad’ (p ) -

, d d d c m d d law d ma d d a (p ) d lay ucm acl :

A nd they say, ‘We will not believe you until youmake gush orth or us rom the ground a

spring; { 90 } or until you [come to] have a garden o date-palms and vines, and cause streams to gush orththerein, abundantly; { 91 } or until you cause the heaven

to all upon us, as you assert, in pieces, or bring God and the angels [right] in ront [o us]; { 92 } or until you[come to] have a house adorned with gold, or ascend into the heaven, and [even then] we will not believe yourascension, until you bring down or us a book, that wemay read’. Say: ‘Glory be to my Lord! Am I anything but a human, a messenger [ rom God]?’ { 93 } (Al-Isra’,

17:90–93)

t u ammad (p ) x la d a lyg wa am a u a cl ada’wah : a al v -

d c a fll ’ g b ’ y g a d ald a b a ld . d ay



28

h ly Qu ’a :

A nd they say, ‘Why has not some sign been sent

down to him rom his Lord?’ Say: ‘Signs areonly with God and I am only a plain warner’. { 50 } Isit not su cient or them that We have revealed toyou the Book which is recited to them? Surely in that is mercy and a reminder or a people who believe.

{ 51 } Say: ‘God su ces as a witness between me and you’. He knows whatever is in the heavens and theearth. And those who believe in alsehood, and [who]disbelieve in God, those, they are the losers. { 52 } (Al-Ankabut, 29:50–52)

d:

I We will We shall send down to them a sign romthe heaven be ore which their necks will remainbowed in humility. (Al-Shu’ara’, 26:4)

W a d m la v , w c a ma y h ly Qu ’a , d x la a Qu ’a l u -

fc ma l b l v da’wah

u ammad (p ) a d a d d wa cb l by m a aw - g g . o a d

d x la a u ammad’ a d g b y d c v y g ag , wa g a d a u c gg d d g . d la d d w a cca a

h ly Qu ’a w c wa v al d w u l m



29

w w umb a d w u w . d al cla f d ’ a d a a h ly Qu ’a

w c wa v al d w u l m b cam g a d

m dabl . t ll w g v a m cca a h ly Qu ’a :

I t is only a reminder or all worlds, { 27 } or thoseo you who wish to go straight { 28 } (Al-Takwir,

81:27–28)

S o remind. For you are only an admonisher;

{ 21 } you are not a taskmaster over them. { 22 } But he who turns away and disbelieves, { 23 } God will chastise him with the greater chastisement. { 24 } Trulyto Us will be their return, { 25 } then truly with Us will lie their reckoning. { 26 } (Al-Ghashiyah, 88:21–26)

t ll w g v a m d a a h ly Qu ’a :

S ay: ‘Obey God, and obey the Messenger. But i you turn away, [know that] he is only responsible

or that with which he has been charged, and you are

responsible or that with which you have been charged.And i you obey him, you will be [rightly] guided. And the Messenger’s duty is only to convey [the Message]clearly’. (Al-Nur, 24:54)

t a ma y v c f m g a d u g



30

m a g, cla y g u ammad’ a a d call d’ l g . h w a m v d m a g mc m ul a d w av u c c a a

m a da’wah . v , h ly Qu ’a a cl a lya d u qu v cally a a d c c a d c m ul-

w l a d w mb ac w u d gt h ly Qu ’a la a w a a wa d w g,

a d:

‘I believe that there is no god save Him in whomthe Children o Israel believe …’ { 90 } Now, when

hitherto you have disobeyed and been o those who docorruption? { 91 } (Yunus, 10:90–91)

d ay h ly Qu ’a :

T hen, when they saw Our doom, they said, ‘Webelieve in God alone, and we disavow what weused to associate with Him’. { 84 } But their aith waso no bene t to them when they saw Our doom — God’s way, [a precedent] which has passed among Hisservants, and it is thence that the disbelievers will belosers. { 85 } (Gha r, 40:84–85)

t h ly Qu ’a al a a a c a ab cau d by c c a gu acc d:



31

R epentance is not or those who do evil deeds un-til, when death approaches one o them, he says,

‘Indeed now I repent’ … (Al-Nisa’, 4:18)

s w a h ly Qu ’a d acc a a da c a a d c c a d w c av

b ly a d ac ully acc d a . h w l g cal a i lam w uld c d qu c c ma l g ; a y l g ?

T here is no compulsion in religion. Rectitude hasbecome clear rom error; so whoever disbelieves

in the alse deity, and believes in God, has laid hold o the most rm handle, unbreaking; God is Hearing,Knowing. (Al-Baqarah, 2:256)

F m ab v m d w ca c clud a ab lu ly a ju fca a y b l v um a i lam cda’wah c l b l v

i lam by m a w d a d c mba .F m c a w ca c clud :F : t a u i lam cda’wah c m l x-y, amb gu y a d ll c ual a d a w uld qu

ma u u c c1.s c d: i lam c s a ’a aw, a m Qu ’a , c av , w , d’ c m c

su a w c h mad ba a b -l v a d ba d b l d b l v



32

ma c m l ug xam a ac v c .

t d: i lam c s a ’a aw, a m c a d

u amb gu u v h ly Qu ’a , j c u c c a a m a call l d, a d law

c d g ( v ly r v al d) l g .F u : t u ammad (p ) wa f

a b l y da’wah , a d a uc wa bl b d l a

ag w c h ly Qu ’a x u d d b ccaa d d a a . t a wa c v y a d wa , u c c a d v l c d ma d a m l2.

F : t h ly Qu ’a , w c u c i lam cda’wah , d c a a a b c c d a d

c d a d d val d y ay r u ch w c uld j c c all w a a m d

call l b l v ag i lam.W w c clu m Qu ’a l a db l v g m a b l v g h ly Qu ’ah may a : “ v c clu , w a

g fca c V C mba (ayaatul qitaal ) h ly Qu ’a ?”

t w ll b ubj c u x c a .



33

The Verses of Combat ( Ayaatul Qitaal )

i c a w w ll v w V C mba h ly Qu ’a d u d a d m a g, g f-ca c , u a d la ac . t w alla v a a c clu ga d g v w c c mma dc mba a d, g w c clu ac d

c d g c a , w all luc da v .t h ly Qu ’a x u d w d c mba :

f c mba b w u l m a d c d c mbab w u l m a d - u l m .

F : C mba b w u l m a al ma u l m mma a d g v d by w law a

c c ly mma a d l . t h ly Qu ’a cl a ab u w a dl a c b ll a d

b ac ubl c d , w b w ubj c b wubj c a d ul . i l g la w ma ag uc u-a a ma a v u y u l m

mma a d au y a d a d g ul g b dy a c mmu y c d m v l agg

a d l y. t cl a ll w g v mSurat Al-Hujurat :

A nd i two parties o believers all to war are,make peace between them. And i one o

them aggresses against the other, ght the one whichaggresses until it returns to God’s ordinance. Then, i



34

it returns, reconcile them, and act justly. Surely God loves the just. { 9 } The believers are indeed brothers.There ore [always] make peace between your breth-

ren, and ear God, so that perhaps you might receivemercy. { 10 } (Al-Hujurat, 49:9–10)

t w v d cu a ua w a d agm a ca b lv d by ac ul m a b a ub w w g u b l v w b u

c a d judgm w d. t v ulaa mma , d by g v m , v

ga cau b w w g u a d c c l m. i ac v d ug g a

a d b a c v du , agg wa d d a d cu y d; u d av b l v c mba . i , w v , g u c u agg

aga , u c m ly w d’ c mma da d a ac au y b l v , a b c ma agg a a b ll d aga ul law a d

y m. i ca , c mmuy u l m mu fg(qitaal ) u l ubm a d u w a gt v cla y c ucc ully lva y d c d a m g a b w d g u . t

c a w a g u u w a g umay b d d v d g ; d d, jumu va l a d ac g u mu b g v du . C d

d f v (49:9): Surely God loves the just .t v ll u a b d l g la



35

va u y a d d vb l y mmaa d a gua d g l g u b d;

m a ma a . t c d v ay :

T he believers are indeed brothers. There ore [al-ways] make peace between your brethren, and

ear God, so that perhaps you might receive mercy.(Al-Hujurat, 49:10)

t w Qu ’a c l g la w v al d by a l-l a u ac a d b g a d agg -

a d v l c . t y w v al d m a c u b uma y cam u w “ agu na-

” “s cu y C u c l” a a m a v aca d gua a l b a d g l a d a .

i a u d d w l g la ly

gav m a y d v a d ll w d m,y w uld v g a ay m a w d m a dy w uld b a d a d ca a cau d by

agg a d v l c a d a d d ag ma d d v . t a ul l g la d by

h ly Qu ’a ga d g c mba b w u l m . tc mba cl a ly a b a g c l i lam c

da’wah a d a ag .s c d: C mba b w u l m a d - u l m .

t h ly Qu ’a x u d a c m v ma , ma y v a d c a , l g ma cau a d u

c mba b w u l m a d - u l m . i j



36

a w u l g ma c mba a ac v d, mu d. t Qu ’a al luc da w a u l m uldb a d a d c a y cau y mu a

aga a u x c d u b a wa . t h ly Qu ’acla f ul a d gula d c mba

add uc a d a . i ll ww all d cu v d al g w cau

d c mba , a d w mu w u aac v d. W w ll d cu la bw V F g v a d V C mba .

t a ly u l m ma y y a cca u g w d u m , y w w

, w cu d b l v g a c d a b ugm a ua c a d w z d w ga d -y a d al a y. ll c u d u l y wc d m g a . t y l m a d l d

d a, a ly acc g d’ w ll. W v y l u g a d v g , m bac a d u g d m b a a d awa d’

w ll. t (p ) a d: “i av b d d fg (qitaal )”. t la d u l u l m w alm

v c m by d a a d d ub . u d v al d f V C mba :

P ermission is granted to those who ght becausethey have been wronged. And God is truly able

to help them; { 39 } those who were expelled romtheir homes without right, only because they said:



37

‘Our Lord is God’. Were it not or God’s causing some people to drive back others, destruction would have be allen the monasteries, and churches, and

synagogues, and mosques in which God’s Name ismentioned greatly. Assuredly God will help those whohelp Him. God is truly Strong, Mighty — { 40 } thosewho, i We empower them in the land, maintain the

prayer, and pay the alms, and enjoin decency and or-bid indecency. And with God rests the outcome o all matters. { 41 } (Al-Hajj, 22:39–41)

t v d cu a d ju y m c mba b cau ju c u l m ac d a d b cau

y w x ll d m m a d c d m g a .t v x la a m l w

su a l cla g w c ma a a ca

qu l b um a d av . i al all w ad - d a m l g u uav d c m m. F ally, v

w a d’ su a l w l h m, u w d u wa a a um d uc-

a d c u , ubjuga g w a a d ay g w d a d amb . t v ma cl a

a d l w , y a m w d la d, cul va w g d a d b y d’ d , a da cau g d a d g u a d cau

w a w c d a d c u . i d d, d w w d ucv a d w a cau g d. d ay a



38

d v : And with God rests the outcome o all matters .”

w av a d, v a f V

C mba . t y a v y cl a a d d c a v l g v d c c c . o ca y, y c f m

a l cla g w ac d’ c m csu a , v abl va d a d c ua g u a d c v l za . W u

c l , a w uld b c u d a d all dlac w w uld b d y d. i d d, a w ulda y a ad c l v l g , abu

w u a , c c g l c v w u a ya d g way. t v a c fc u -

l m , y a ab u uma y g al; y a cl a lya d uc w uld av b all m a , c u c

a d y ag gu .

n w l u c d V C mba Surat Al-Baqarah :

A nd ght in the way o God with those who ght against you, but aggress not; God loves not the

aggressors. { 190 } And slay them wherever you comeupon them, and expel them rom where they expelled

you; sedition is more grievous than slaying. But ght them not by the Sacred Mosque until they should ght you there; then i they ght you, slay them — such,is the requital o disbelievers. { 191 } But i they desist,surely God is Forgiving, Merci ul. { 192 } Fight them till



39

there is no sedition, and the religion is or God; then i they desist, there shall be no enmity, save against evil-doers. { 193 } The sacred month or the sacred month;

holy things demand retaliation; whoever commits aggression against you, then commit aggression against him in the manner that he committed against you; and

ear God, and know that God is with the God- earing.

{ 194 } (Al-Baqarah, 2:190–194)

t v c mma d u l m fg (qitaal ) way d w fg aga m, u um w v y a a d ca m a y av

ca d u l m . t v b u v d ag-g a d m a z a d d l v agg

agg . t v x la a x ll g lm m , z g a y a d v

m m l v g ac ully w u a l v d w a mu d a d bl d d.t , w ac c v g mub ug am ma a fg mu b ug .t v al b c mba ly lac a d du g

ly d , u l u l m a u d a ac ly lac du g ly d . i ca , u l m a all w d

al a qual . t v cla y aw u l g ma c mba a ac v d, mu d. t u a a b d ma l g a d a l j y l g u d mw u u . W u a ac



40

c m l d a d l l a , c mba mu c a .t v a d c l x u d d mga d g a a d u c mba d

c a v l g ac d a c c . c a y, v , l a c d

a cl a ly a d d c ly a a u l m wd d fg (qitaal ) wa agg y ac d a d

ac a y ad b x ll d m m , a db cau d’ ac d u ad b v la d.

a x la d v ma y am c ad a u l m . t v al cla

u b d uc c mba , w c d v l caga u l m a d abl l g u d m d v

d, m a y u c c .W c l x u d d v ma

V C mba ll w gSurahs h ly

Qu ’a : Al-Nisa’ , Al-An al a d Al-Tawbah . d ay Surat Al-Nisa’ :

W hat is wrong with you, that you do not ght inthe way o God, and or the oppressed men,

women, and children who say, ‘Our Lord, bring usorth rom this town whose people are evildoers and

appoint or us a protector rom You, and appoint orus rom You a helper’. (Al-Nisa’, 4:75)

S o ght in the way o God; you are charged onlywith yoursel . And urge on the believers; maybe



41

God will restrain the might o the disbelievers; God is mightier and more severe in castigation. (Al-Nisa’,4:84)

A nd so i they stay away rom you and do not ght you, and o er you peace, then God does

not allow you any way against them. { 90 } … So, i they do not stay away rom you, and o er you peace,and restrain their hands, then take them and slay themwherever you come upon them; against them We have

given you clear warrant. { 91 } (Al-Nisa’, 4:90–91)

C d ll w g v :… maybe God will restrain the might o the disbelievers … a d … i they do not stay away rom you … . W w c

v w ca u d a d d

l a b u d aga u l m a d acc u w c u l m w d d fg m (qitaal ). t xac ly am c l a x u d d v

w d mSurat Al-Baqarah , Surat Al-An al a d Surat Al-Tawbah . d ay Surat Al-An al :

A nd ght them until sedition is no more and re-

ligion is all or God; then i they desist, surelyGod sees what they do. (Al-An al, 8:39)

t v m la w a d ay Surat Al-Baqarah a d Surat Al-Tawbah :



42

B ut i they break their oaths a ter [making] their pact and assail your religion, then ght the lead-

ers o unbelie — verily they have no [binding] oaths,

so that they might desist. { 12 } Will you not ght a people who broke their oaths and intended to expel the Messenger — initiating against you rst? Are youa raid o them? God is more worthy o your ear i youare believers. { 13 } (Al-Tawbah, 9:12–13)

A nd ght the idolaters altogether, even as they

ght you altogether; and know that God iswith those who ear Him. (Al-Tawbah, 9:36)

C d ll w g v : But i they breaktheir oaths a ter [making] their pact and assail your reli-

gion … a d initiating against you rst … a d even

as they ght you altogether .

W w c v w ca u d a d a y w v al d ab u -l w w calc a d a d w m l m c u w d ly d a a a

b c m valu m a d v u g fca c .t d ub a c mba w l , u y g

a m m a d d g d v

c mm g d ma d.i Surat Al-Tawbah , a v w qu d ab v ,

a w v a a f c d a m c ad c c l ga d g c mba . W all

w v a d cla y w a y g y l g



43

c d g v w c , b cau y a ma y a d cl a ,a u dam al w ga d l gal y c mba a d

a . t , v mu b c m a

c l c a d v a d acc d gly.

t f v :

F ight those who do not believe in God, nor in theLast Day, and who do not orbid what God and

His Messenger have orbidden, nor do they practicethe religion o truth, rom among o those who havebeen given the Scripture, until they pay the jizyah trib-ute, readily being subdued. (Al-Tawbah, 9:29)

t c d v :

O you who believe, ght those o the disbelieverswho are near to you, and let them nd harshnessin you, and know that God is with the pious. (Al-Tawbah, 9:123)

t f v c mma d u l m fg (qitaal ) ag u a d d c b a l w “do not believe in

God ”. t g u a b av d w u l m a ma - a cau fg m: y b ac , a ac d

da’wah a d lac d b acl a . h w v , vd a a u b l d a d d cm d a a u l m fg m;



44

v ly m m a d c a d cla fcat d c a m a v a u c m

fg m c agg ma al z . F

c a g d d’ l g u m lv a d abb a d m a l d b d d (Al-Tawbah , 9:30), w lall w g a d b dd g g acc d g w m a du b l v g w a d a d c d a b dd m -

bl . n g d m m agg , b a g aca d v la g g . t a l w m, acc d g

ab v v , mu b ug c u u ly u l yy ld a d d m a m a d ad g d . t h lyQu ’a duc a ymb l g y y ld g; aym a bu ll ax ( jizyah ). t jizyah wa a m a

ug w c y ac ually a c a d uld g bu d a a d a d m a c mmg d b u l m a d - u l m3.

t v al d ca a c mba w cw av al ady d u . t a : readily being subdued w u a y w ll b w jizyah

c ll c d m m, a a y ld g au u l m a d l v g u d law . ub l

m a a v u ly y ad b calc a a d a wa g d cau u l m fg m.

t w v uld b u d d a d c x b g ag m w v . i

b d v wa av u l m fgm b cau u bl a d w a u b l wa a w y y w ug , v w uld av



45

a d a u c mba wa av mc v i lam. i ca jizyah w uld av b aacc abl ul , d d w uld all w g m ab d

by w l g .t c d v : … ght those o the disbelievers who

are near to you… uld b c m a d w v -u v w c w v al d cla y a a d

cau c mba . t v wa v al d w a ac -cal wa la b ll w d w l g ma c mba b a

u . t v gu d u l m a , w m ama ld, a m uld b ug f a d

, d cl a ad m m a d ac l av c y4.

t c l , abl d h ly Qu ’a , c l ll w d day by wa g a . n b l-

l g a a ac u l a cl a d a b

a d u l u a all b acl way av bm v d. t u , cl a a w v av l a c mba a mula d by v .F m w a w av d cu d may a :t a gl v h ly Qu ’a a d -

ca a a m c mba i lam c v .t cau c mba – a c d g v –

a l m d d g agg , c g da’wah a d a gua d g d m l g .

W h ly Qu ’a c b d c mba , d a c d m ava c , lf a d aba m m .

i d d h ly Qu ’a d d c mba (qitaal ) ly a a



46

m a ac , cu y a d a l ju c a d qual y.t jizyah wa v d d a aym u ’ l a g ’ l g , wa d d a a

b l g y y ld g, a d l y a d a a c a uld g bu d a .

a b x la d, b dy ca mal g i lam m v h ly Qu ’a a d a um

w a g a l av a um d; a i lama c c mba (qitaal ) a a m a aga g

da’wah , a d a call g wa aga d by c c a d u c .

W all w c a v mSurat Al-Mumtahanah a ca b c d d a i lam c d a c ga d g w

u l m uld a - u l m .

G od does not orbid you in regard to those who did

not wage war against you on account o religionand did not expel you rom your homes, that youshould treat them kindly and deal with them justly.Assuredly God loves the just. { 8 } God only orbidsyou in regard to those who waged war against you onaccount o religion and expelled you rom your homesand supported [others] in your expulsion, that you

should make riends with them. And whoever makesriends with them, those — they are the wrongdoers.

{ 9 } (Al-Mumtahanah, 60:8–9)

r ad d a c callSurat Al-Ma’idah , la a h ly Qu ’a b v al d, a d



47

w a ay ab u la b w u l m a d- u l m :

T oday the good things are permitted to you, and the ood o those who were given the Scripture

is permitted to you, and permitted to them is yourood. Likewise, the believing married women, and the

married women o those who were given the Scripturebe ore you, i you give them their wages in wedlock,and not illicitly, or taking them as lovers. Whoever dis-believes in aith, his work has indeed ailed, and in theHerea ter he shall be among the losers. (Al-Ma’idah,5:5)

W c d v , u d a d ubl m a i lam w ga d

w - u l m : d , ju c , d a da f y. i a la mag fc a v mm d c l a al la w ma

al c m a .



49

The Relationship Between

the Verses of Forgiveness andthe Verses of Combati w b v u d cu a u a a ccu d m d ma y l w l xam g h ly Qu ’a a dc m a g v . t l all w ca g :

1. a g u a a ag c wa d i lam a d wa c h ly Qu ’a aul

2. a g u Qu ’a c x g w l g u z al d vm c c l u d c c w

h ly Qu ’a

t c d g u cl d c d a m vab ga a d m x g all w m lv g ca d away uc a x a y m av

av d ad, u ally, a ac by w aa ag c i lam a d h ly Qu ’a .

t a ag av xam d la b w d V C mba (ayaatul qitaal ) a d V

C mba a a w l ; y av al xam d V a d a d F g v . t c clu a w l m

V C mba m c mba , v u g c mbaa d c . d w l m v d c mba aga

w agg a d b d ga g agg ,



50

v c mma d a v y b ug m c l ly, ll ly a d w u d c b w agg a d

. W l v a a w l d a d gula c mba ,

a ma y v u d allSurahs h lyQu ’a a c mma d g v , a d , c u g v lw g d a d a call g way d w w d m.

t a ag cla m a a all c ad ca d a c m a bl w d a a h ly Qu ’a wad v ly v al d u ammad (PBUH).

w l v h ly Qu ’a a d v , y ld a V C mba ab ga V F g v a

a d , v v l (Fussilat , 41:34): And they arenot equal, the good deed and the evil deed. Repel with that which is better … a d (Al-Nahl , 16:125): Call to the wayo your Lord with wisdom and air exhortation, and disputewith them by way o that which is best … t y al ay

a (Al-Tawbah , 9:36): … ght the idolaters altogether,even as they ght you altogether … ab ga a y c d-g V F g v .o m cul a a (Al-Baqarah ,

2:191) And slay them wherever you come upon them… ab ga mm d a ly c d g v (Al-Baqarah , 2:190): And ght in the way o God with those who ght

against you … t y al ay a (Al-Baqarah , 2:193): Fight them till there is no sedition … ab ga (Al-

Baqarah , 2: 191): … But ght them not by the Sacred Mosque until they should ght you there… .

t ab v Qu ’a c c mSurat Al-Baqarah mad u u v ; w ab ga g v a d w



51

ab ga d v : c d v ab ga f a d u ab ga d. l-imam l-raz c mm d

g a w Qu ’a c x gAl-

Ta sir Al-Kabir : “i m babl a W o w uldc mb v a w w ac ab ga .”i m babl a a a av d

ad a ag i lam ay a h ly Qu ’ac a c ad c . t y d acc ab ga a cla m d by l v h ly Qu ’a . i d d

w ca y acc u cla m w v m u wc la d ?

x la a , ca a c -ad c c m a b l y b w d V C mba a d m d a a m av b

ab ga d b cau ab ga ly a l d w c ad c . t v a fx d a d u a a l-

abl ; am u g am g a d abl g ul , a a d u . V F g v a d a d , y a m

a m al y a d a b ll w d a c x a d g d a d d g y. ev y ua a w

l g la a d v a al fx d a d u a a labl .g la a bu l u c d a d

ua , a d d c d d v dua d g u , a d a l a ac ua y

ll w w a m u abl , ca b accu d b g ac ad c y l g la a m a abga

. i d d, l w u d m d , a w a dx m ly c l g la a m



52

w all u d au y a d b g a d v dual a d c mmu y.



53

The Verses that Organise Combat

i v u c a w c clud d a h ly Qu ’ag v ly a c mba : d g agg

c g da’wah a d a gua d g d m l g .t a ly ca w c d u g c mba (qitaal )a d c d law ul a d d abl . d al v al ma y

c a d ul a gua a v c y. i c aw w ll d cu v a x u d a c c mba .

W ud v h ly Qu ’a , f d a i lam ula g al c l a c ua bj c v law c mba a b a a y

u d m d c v l za . t bj c v law c mba a a a w l d a d d g y ba

l m :1. g g a ’ m al

2. a g ma al c

3. ac cal ga za c mba

i u l g way w c l may j y a g d

l , h ly Qu ’a x u d l m ama a c m a all u a d y m

a uma y a duc d all va d cul u a dug u ag . t l m a w ul, x v

a d d m a l ’ a a d fll m w m cy, c m-



54

a , d v a d a d d’ a val ugu y g a m c u a d cl a g y a y a d agg . t a all

l m .r ga d g f l m , g g a

m al ; h ly Qu ’a ay ab u :

S o let them ght in the way o God those who sell the li e o this world or the Herea ter; and who-

ever ghts in the way o God and is slain or conquers,We shall give him a great wage. { 74 } What is wrong with you, that you do not ght in the way o God,and or the oppressed men, women, and children whosay, ‘Our Lord, bring us orth rom this town whose

people are evildoers and appoint or us a protectorrom You, and appoint or us rom You a helper’.

{ 75 }Those who believe ght in the way o God, and those who disbelieve ght in the way o a alse deity.

Fight there ore against the riends o Satan; surelythe plotting o Satan is ever eeble. { 76 } (Al-Nisa’,4: 74–76)

t w d m wa d c mba (qitaal )

way d. d d d ubl wa d w uggl d’ way. t c mba wag d av

w a , w g d ’ ll w uma , y a y a d d m a d d a ag v l a d

c u . t h ly Qu ’a al ay :



55

D o you reckon the giving o water to pilgrimsand the attendance o the Sacred Mosque to be

the same as he who believes in God and the Last Day

and struggles in the way o God? They are not equal in God’s sight; and God guides not the evildoing olk.

{ 19 } Those who believe, and have emigrated, and havestruggled in the way o God with their possessionsand their lives are greater in degree with God; and those, they are the triumphant. { 20 } Their Lord givesthem good tidings o mercy rom Him and beatitude;

or them shall be gardens wherein is enduring bliss,

{ 21 } therein they shall abide orever. Surely with God is a tremendous reward. { 22 } (Al-Tawbah, 9:19–22)

W ud v d ly, a cula ly w d : Surely with God is a tremendous reward ,

c m w a w uggl way dw l v m y av u l m d wa d aca ly b c m d d by ll-k w g, exal do . t h ly Qu ’a al ay :

I ndeed God has purchased rom the believers theirlives and their possessions, so that theirs will be

[the reward o ] Paradise: they shall ght in the way o God and they shall kill and be killed; that is a prom-ise which is binding upon Him in the Torah and theGospel and the Qur’an; and who ul ls his covenant better than God? Rejoice then in this bargain o yours



56

which you have made, or that is the supreme triumph.(Al-Tawbah, 9:111)

i v d m d b l v d vm a h a a u h m l b al

w uggl h way. i a m a d mad cl a all h . i v mSurat Al-Tawbah d

m a c ac b w a ll aa buy a d m a b a mu ulfl

bl ga c ac . i al ma a u a c ac m ly g w bl ga m a d ac f

g d ma a u m um . d a h ly Qu ’a :

S ay: ‘I your athers, and your sons, and yourbrothers, and your wives, and your clan, and the

possessions which you have acquired, and merchandiseor which you ear there may be no sale, and dwellingswhich you love, are dearer to you than God and HisMessenger and struggling in His way, then wait until God brings about His command. And God does not

guide the wicked olk’. (Al-Tawbah, 9:24)

t v c m a all u c m w c c w-a d c a d w a u ually ma a . i a b l v

ac fc m all way d a d w a g a g d a d a . F a

, b , u cla , a d w



57

c m a d a , a l g ad , w ll-l v ddw ll g ; g , uld c m b w b l v a d ac fc a d uggl a l v

d a d h g qu . d ay h lyQu ’a :

T he [true] believers are only those who believein God and His Messenger, and then have not

doubted, and who strive with their wealth and theirsouls or the cause o God. It is they who are sincere.(Al-Hujurat, 49:15)

t u a a c d d b l d a d hg (PBUH) a d ab v d ub a d u c a y

a d qu x ’ l a d y uggl way d. i w ul ma , -

a c w c h ly Qu ’a l , d fg ac w a a d d c a . vd l ul mma ( u l m c m-

mu y) c c u ag , ac fc a d c m va w ld way u , ju c a

v c y. u a h ly Qu ’a l c

ul mma g al d c a m g a d a , v c fcally l ul w uggl (mujahidin ). d ay

h ly Qu ’a ab u w uggl a d av a a dv c y a d ucc a :



58

‘H ow o ten a little company has overcome a nu-merous one, by God’s leave; and God is with

the patient’. { 249 } So, when they went orth against

Goliath and his troops, they said, ‘Our Lord, pour out upon us patience, and make rm our eet, and grant us victory over the disbelieving olk!’ { 250 } And theyrouted them, by the leave o God, and David slewGoliath; and God gave him the kingship and Wisdom,and He taught him such as He willed… { 251 } (Al-Baqarah, 2:249–251)

d d add (PBUH) a d m d m l c u ag g mujahidin b g a d

ad a , a d a u g m d’ u :

W hen you were saying to the believers, ‘Is it

not su cient or you that your Lord should rein orce you with three thousand angels sent down?

{ 124 } Yea, i you are patient and ear, and they comeagainst you instantly, your Lord will rein orce youwith ve thousand angels accoutred’. { 125 } What God ordained was only as a good tiding to you and that your hearts might be at peace. Victory comes only

rom God, the Mighty, the Wise. { 126 } (Aal-Imran,3:124-126)

d al ay :



59

F aint not, neither grieve, or you shall prevail i you are believers. { 139 } I a wound touches you,

a like wound already has touched the other people.

Such days We deal out in turn among mankind, and that God may know those who believe; and that Hemay take witnesses rom among you, and God lovesnot the evildoers. { 140 } And that God may prove thebelievers, and e ace the disbelievers. { 141 } Or did you suppose you should enter Paradise without God knowing, who among you have struggled and who are

patient. { 142 } (Aal-Imran, 3:139-142)

t v all v a w a b all b l v way d a d gu d m a a d ma ma u y ld g c a d lu ly d m d. t val v al a d’ su a c mba a h g a

ucc al a ly b a , bu ul ma v cb l g w a a .

B e not aint in seeking the enemy; i you are su er-ing, they are also su ering as you are su ering;

and you hope rom God that or which they cannot hope. God is ever Knower, Wise. (Al-Nisa’, 4:104)

t a l l w a may b a d ga d g h lyQu ’a c g m al mma g al a d

w uggl (mujahidin ) a cula .



60

r ga d g c d l m , a a ma -al c ; h ly Qu ’a ay :

M ake ready or them whatever orce you canand o horses tethered that thereby you

may dismay the enemy o God and your enemy …(Al-An al, 8:60)

d:

T he disbelievers wish that you should be heedlesso your weapons and your baggage that they may

descend upon you all at once. (Al-Nisa’, 4:102)

t f v u w c cal g l a : c (quwwah ) a d a mbl g a d a g

(ribat ). F c (quwwah ) c v umb a d qu ma d a w d a c m a all a w , a d av b w , ab u mac wa , a a-

a d v . t w dribat c m a all a w , a d a v b w , ab u c g

a d cl g b ac a d yway a a my mayu . t v al x la b f b g a d

v m ac a d ab l y, a a a l a m a y a m d

adva ag c a m u . t c d v u a a b ’ gua d a d b cau u l a

my a ac u x c dly.



61

W a h ly Qu ’a ay ab u b f a dma u ac u g:

t d cu w uld udy w y-f v

Surat Al-Hadid . t v ubl m a d d aw a c a ca b d v d m w b l v d

ld g . d ay h ly Qu ’a :

W e have verily sent Our messengers with clearsigns, and We revealed with them the Scripture

and the Balance, so that mankind may uphold justice.And We sent down iron, wherein is great might, and [many] uses or mankind, and so that God may knowthose who help Him and His messengers through theUnseen. Assuredly God is Strong, Mighty. (Al-Hadid,57:25)

C d ma ag c u , bala c a d v ; all w c w by d. C d ala u ld bala c a d v ju c a d

d c b d a av g g a m g a d ma y u . l c -m la w a m l m c mba a a, la d a d a a mad ; u l z d all

m l m ? t c w d a ll w … and

so that God may know those who help Him and His messengers through the Unseen… ; u d a d a d’ l

a u d w u l z m g a d gu l m uld c g z valu d’ av u v d g m a d all ma d w , w c h



62

d w . t y uld al c g z av u d b w du aw d ( av d) (p ) w h d

m ga d g way ma al may b u d. d ll

u y h ly Qu ’a a may b a la d a m d u :

A nd verily We bestowed on David a [great] a-vour rom Us: ‘O mountains, repeat with him

[in praise], and the birds [too]!’ And We made ironmalleable or him. { 10 } ‘Fashion long coats o mail and measure [well] the links’. And act righteously. In-deed I am Seer o what you do. { 11 } (Saba’, 34:10–11)

t ad ab u av u d b w d sulayma(s l m ) (p ) v 12 a d 13 amSurah :

A nd unto Solomon [We gave] the wind, itsmorning course was a month’s journey and itsevening course was a month’s journey. And We caused a ount o [molten] copper to fow or him. And o the jinn [there] were those who worked be ore him bythe leave o his Lord. And such o them as deviated

rom Our command, We would make them taste the

chastisement o the Blaze. { 12 } They ashioned orhim whatever he wished: lo ty shrines, and statues,and basins like cisterns, and cauldrons built into the

ground. ‘Work, House o David in thank ulness. And ew indeed o My servants are thank ul’. { 13 } (Saba’,

34:12-13)



63

d al ay h ly Qu ’a :

A nd We bestowed on David, Solomon — what

an excellent servant! Truly he was a penitent [soul]. { 30 } When one evening there were displayed be ore him the prancing steeds. { 31 } And he said: Lo!I have pre erred the good things (o the world) overthe remembrance o my Lord; till they were taken out o sight behind the curtain. { 32 } “Bring them back tome.” then began he to pass his hand over (their) legsand their necks. { 33 } (Sad, 38:30–33)

i b v u c d l-raz ’ x g v a w may u d a d a a g caval y (ribat )

a a c cu m ad d by v ld c v l zaa d w b qu m a d g d a

l-raz ay :

t u caval y (ribat al-khayl ) wa c mm d d l g , ju a l g u-

ammad (p ). o c sulayma (p ) ad g a a d; a a d d d a gall g b

b ug . h a d: “i d l v m b cau

w ldly g d g al f , i l v m b -cau d’ d a d u u g gh l g ”; w a m a by:… over theremembrance o my Lord… t sulayma (p )

d d a b u a gall u l y



64

d a a b d g ’ v l, . . u l y l av g . h d d a b g bac m. W u d,

b ga l g a d c . t u g wa a ll w : 1. t u

a d w w c u y a , a y a am g g a ag a a ll g my

2. t w a adm g l cy a d g- wa umbl a m l ca d u v

l w du ; 3. h wa a x , d a a d d c ; wa xam g m a d

g l g a d c l a w a yym m d a .

r ga d g du a d u ul a , ay n a (p ) 37 v Surat

Hud : Build the Ark under Our eyes and by Our inspira-tion … . t wa a l b a a ; a d ju a ad l b a , y al d d c , a ac a

c mm c al a a a d d qu d byu g a . d ay h ly Qu ’a :

A nd He it is Who disposed the sea, that you

may eat rom it resh meat, and bring orthrom it ornaments which you wear. And you see the

ships ploughing therein; and that you may seek o Hisbounty, and that you might be thank ul. (Al-Nahl,16:14)



65

l u l m c c w ac g l ga d uc , a d u l y c m -

d a d b v m, y w ll c u u , b

w l a d l v a l ull um l a5.r ga d g d l m , ac cal ga za

c mba , h ly Qu ’a d cu g al c lm um u a gl :

r ga d g a x m m m l a y -v c , h ly Qu ’a ay : As or the weak, and the sick,and those who nd nothing to expend, no blame alls uponthem i they remain true to God and to His Messenger … (Al-Tawbah , 9:91). t u Qu ’a c a

x m m m l a y v c w a , w c mayb cau d by ca ac y ld ag ; c a d

ab l y x d. t h ly Qu ’a d a a- x m m m l a y v c a uc a

c d d u m a l y a d d g a ; uc ab g a u v y d g ld , a u v y ud , a aha z Qu ’a ( m w a m m -z d h ly Qu ’a y), a a a d

a f a c al c m a , a a au y, b g a mall. i day

u ammad (p ) a d ll w g a, ua

wa qu . i d d d a c m l g h ly Qu ’a cam ab u b cau a a w uld bl w d a c (qurra’ ) Qu ’a ,

y w m audac u a d d fg Wa l-Yamama . i wa b cau audac y a d



66

b ld m g a my a ma y m w ll d.r ga d g d cla a wa , h ly Qu ’a ma a

du y a d wa aga a ac g a my u awa . day h ly Qu ’a :

A nd i you ear, rom any olk some treachery,then cast it back to them with airness. Truly

God does not love the treacherous. (Al-An al, 8:58)

t v c mma d a a a a a y wb ac u , a y ac a a b mad w m mayb b a d ca bac m. t v al a a

b d a x l c a d cl a ma l u l mc mm ac y, w c d d l v a d d a v .

r ga d g m g call j ad, h ly Qu ’awa aga a d a d b av g a ug w abu d . d ay h ly Qu ’a :

O you who believe, what is wrong with you that,when it is said to you, ‘Go orth in the way o

God’, you sink down heavily to the ground. Are you

so content with the li e o this world, rather than withthe Herea ter? Yet the enjoyment o the li e o thisworld is in the Herea ter but little. { 38 } I you do not

go orth, He will chastise you with a pain ul chastise-ment, and He will substitute [you with] another olk



67

other than you, and you will not hurt Him at all; orGod has power over all things. { 39 } (Al-Tawbah,9:38–39)

t v wa a w a a dy m g call j ad, w w ll u a ul c a m , um l a-

, ub u a d a w a d au a l .r ga d g u g g a my l m d a d

b ayal, h ly Qu ’a ay :

H ad they gone orth among you, they would onlyhave caused you more trouble, and would have

hurried to and ro among you, seeking to stir up sedi-tion between you; and among you there are some whowould listen to them; and God knows the evildoers.

{ 47 }Indeed, they sought to stir up sedition already be-ore, and scrutinised your a airs until the truth, came,

and God’s command prevailed, they still being averse.

{ 48 } And there are some o them who say, ‘Grant meleave, and do not lead me into temptation’. Surely theyhave [already] allen into temptation! And surely Hell shall encompass the disbelievers. { 49 } I good ortune

be alls you, it vexes them; but i an a fiction be allsyou, they say, ‘We took our precaution be ore’; and they turn away, rejoicing. { 50 } (Al-Tawbah, 9:47–50)

d:



68

I they could nd a shelter, or some caverns, or any place to enter, they would turn and bolt away to it.

(Al-Tawbah, 9:57)

d:

S o i God brings you back to a party o them, and they ask leave o you to go orth, say: ‘You shall

never more go orth with me, and you shall never ght with me against an enemy. You were content to staybehind the rst time, so stay behind with those whostay behind’. (Al-Tawbah, 9:83)

d al :

T hey will swear to you, that you may be satis ed with them; but i you are satis ed with them,

God will surely not be satis ed with the wicked olk.

(Al-Tawbah, 9:96)

C d v v al d c c wGhaz-wat tabu Surat Al-Tawbah . t v d c b u

c a ac c bad ld g. t y al wa uw a w d b u gua d ab u du g m b l za-

a d a a a g a d l yal a my a w ll

b v c u . t c d ll w g v mSurat Al-Ahzab :

A nd when the hypocrites, and those in whosehearts is sickness were saying, ‘What God



69

and His Messenger promised us was [nothing] but delusion’. { 12 } And when a party o them said, ‘O

people o Yathrib! there is not a stand [possible] or

you [here], so turn back. And a group o them [even]sought the permission o the Prophet, saying, ‘Ourhomes are exposed’, although they were not exposed.They only sought to fee. { 13 } And had they been in-vaded in it rom all sides and had they been exhorted to treachery, they would have committed it and would have hesitated thereupon but a little. { 14 } Thoughthey had assuredly pledged to God be ore that, that they would not turn their backs [to fee]; and a pledge

given to God must be answered or. { 15 } Say: ‘Flight will not avail you should you fee rom death or [ rom]being slain, and then you would not be extended com ort, except a little’. { 16 } Say: ‘Who is it that can

protect you rom God should He desire [to cause] youill, or should He desire or you mercy?’ And they shall not nd or themselves besides God any protector orhelper. { 17 } Indeed God already knows the hinderersamong you and those who say to their brethren, ‘Cometo us’, and they do not engage in the battle except alittle, { 18 } grudging to you. And when there is a panic,

you see them looking at you, their eyes rolling like oneainting at death, but when the panic subsides, they

scald you, with [their] sharp tongues, in their greed or the riches. Those, they never believed. There ore

God has invalidated their works, and that is easy or



70

God. { 19 } They suppose that the con ederates havenot [yet] departed, and were the con ederates to come,they would wish that they were in the desert with the

Bedouins asking about your news. And i they wereamong you, they would ght but a little. { 20 } (Al-Ahzab, 33:12–20)

t v c a u wl dg c a acc d a d d .r ga d g m b l za a a my, h ly Qu ’ad ca a m b l za uld b

i c y call v yb dy a a , v yb dmu a a ; a al a c a w ll d , fc ly m a a a d c

mal al ac v a d v a v a my. t c l ba d w a d ay

h ly Qu ’a :

I t is not or the believers to go orth altogether: whyshould not a party o every section o them go orth

so that they may become learned in religion and that they may warn their olk when they return to them, sothat they may beware? (Al-Tawbah, 9:122)

d:

O you who believe, take your precautions, thenmove orward in companies, or move orward all



71

together. (Al-Nisa’, 4:71)

r ga d g ga za a my a d d bu-

u v d c , c d w (p ) d d a la d ll w g Qu ’a c

v :

A nd when you went orth at dawn rom youramily to assign the believers their places or

battle… (Aal-Imran, 3:121)

t c d v :

I ndeed God loves those who ght or His cause inranks, as i they were a solid structure. (Al-Sa ,

61:4)

r ga d g b d c u m c mma d, ad a -, av da c cau a lu a d ld g a a a d c a y, h ly Qu ’a ay :

O you who believe, when you meet a host, thenstand rm and remember God much, that you

may succeed. { 45 } And obey God and His Messenger,

and do not quarrel with one another, lest you alterand your strength ade; and be patient. Surely God iswith the patient. { 46 } (Al-An al, 8:45–46)

r ga d g g m ba l a d c qu c ,



72

h ly Qu ’a ay :

Oyou who believe, when you encounter the disbe-

lievers inching orward, do not turn your backsto them. { 15 } Whoever turns his back to them on that day, unless manœuvring or battle or joining anotherdetachment, he has truly incurred the wrath o God,and his abode will be Hell — an evil journey’s end!{ 16 } (Al-An al, 8:15–16)

r ga d g d w c mul l m uldb a ac d, h ly Qu ’a uc a y uldb a ac d acc d g x m y w a bf a cl a a a my m a y b-

acl my may av lac d. d ay h lyQu ’a :

O you who believe, ght those o the disbelieverswho are near to you, and let them nd harshness

in you, and know that God is with the pious. (Al-Tawbah, 9:123)

r ga d g m l a y c , h ly Qu ’a wa

aga d vulg g m a d d m a b adca gm a c a ac c y c . i al c b

a y c uld b a u m c mma d a da b l v uld v y w b y ly a

ac . d ay h ly Qu ’a :



73

I the hypocrites do not desist, and likewise thosein whose hearts is a sickness, as well as the scare-

mongers in the city, assuredly We will urge you [to

take action] against them, then they will not be yourneighbours in it except or a little [while]. (Al-Ahzab,33:60)

d:

Oyou who believe, do not betray God and theMessenger and betray your trusts while you are

aware. (Al-An al, 8:27)

d:

A nd when there comes to them an issue, be it

o security, or o ear, they broadcast it. I theyhad re erred it to the Messenger and to those in au-thority among them; those among them who are ableto think it out, would have known it rom them …(Al-Nisa’, 4:83)

d:

O you who believe, i a reprobate should come toyou with some tiding, veri y [it], lest you injure a

olk out o ignorance; and then become remorse ul o what you have perpetrated. (Al-Hujurat, 49:6)



74

r ga d g uc a d ac a , h ly Qu ’ad u d call ac a d m a wa my cl d a d my w g

c y a d fd l y. d ay h ly Qu ’a :

A nd i they incline to peace, then incline to it,and rely on God; truly He is the Hearer, the

Knower. { 61 } And i they desire to trick you, then God is su cient or you. He it is Who strengthened youwith His help and with the believers. { 62 } (Al-An al,8:61–62)

r ga d g a g a d a m PO h ly Qu ’a ay :

I t is not or any Prophet to have prisoners until he

make wide slaughter in the land … (Al-An al, 8:67)

i imam d c ma my a d a , may c b w l b a g m w u a m a d

u g l b a g m xc a g m PO . t c c uld b mad ba d c mm

g d. d ay h ly Qu ’a :

S o when you encounter [in battle] those who dis-believe, then [attack them with] a striking o the

necks. Then, when you have made thoroughly deci-mated them, bind. Therea ter either [set them ree] by



75

grace or by ransom, until the war lay down its burdens… (Muhammad, 47:4)

r ga d g a a d u g m, h ly Qu ’ac mma d u g a a d b d v la g

m. i ac a b d a y a d ac g ad d d a d wa . i wa

aga u g a a a a ul m a d v a y g w a . C d d’

w d h ly Qu ’a :

A nd ul l God’s covenant when you made acovenant, and do not break [your] oaths a -

ter pledging them and having made God surety overyou. Truly God knows what you do. { 91 } And do not be like her who undoes her yarn a ter having madeit strong, [breaking it up] into bres by making youroaths a [means o ] deceit, between you, so that one

group may become more numerous than [another] group… { 92 } (Al-Nahl,16:91–92) 6

i imam d m a u l m w ll c m a ma a ul a a y, a d a a m xc d adva -

ag b ga d by b v g , bl g d j c t j c mu b d cla d ly. d ay h lyQu ’a :

A proclamation rom God and His Messenger tomankind on the day o the Greater Pilgrimage



76

that God is ree rom obligation to the idolaters, and [so is] His Messenger… (Al-Tawbah, 9:3)

t a c l w w abl d v m h ly Qu ’a c c g ac cal a c c mba .t h ly Qu ’a a x au bl a u , w w

v ga gfca a d xam m a g , ww ll alway a v a m g w. t b a d u -d a d g h ly Qu ’a b va cu

v a d cal ac , y a b a d cl a ad c m u a

c l . i ud w a h ly Qu ’a lac c g m l a y ac v (p ), g a ma y u a d c l w c w ll

g a b l v a h ly Qu ’ a v la by om a d om c C a

w c g za u ul .



77

The Practical Application of the

Qur’anic Rules of Combati l gu w all ac cal a l ca

c l x u d d by h ly Qu ’a ga d gc mba du g m (p ) a d wsucc (Cal ), bu a a d oma . d

u l m w a c d by al a d x al a aa v d m m b v g d’ c a d

law . t a a al c m ll d m, c ally wc mba wa c c d, ad ac c a muc w d

a g a w c d ad c b d j ad hway.

t a ’ l a d l v b l v

w w w m b c mba b ga a du :t cla d call (da’wah ) w c a mall g u l b l v d . t y w b u d by cl

am ly d w c v al d m ubl m a d mag fc a u .

t ubl c call ( da’wah ) d c d cla a d all ma d.

t m a a cca d duc (p ) w , g m a muc y, w

a d v g y a w d xc a g m dm aga g call (da’wah ).

t v l c a d w c a d



78

c m a u d. h y a c d d bl d-c ll ga c u .

t em g a (hijrah ) by a d av

i lam a d v l v .t mal ac , mal c u a d c ac aga , u l m a d v aga all d c -

d bd u a d m la d l v a d c m a , a d c mm agg ly . o a

wa b yc g bu tal b a d l , w c –w ac d – a ly b

a c .s g ug l-ta’ a d g l t aq

w m (PBUH) a d C m a wm c y a d d a d d v m away.

t em g a (hijrah ) d a w c wa ac l a d

by d l ga a ad v d a d by aa by m call b i lam. ac l d ad bl call g i lam a d ga u

am g d a y u w m d g(PBUH) a y w uld aga a d c call i -lam u l d a . o c qu c em g awa a u y a d a c u ly c a d

u y a a a a d m bt l m y b w u l m a d

w d a. a l d d a b cam cl a m a w d d ca

a d l d aga m a d C m a . t



79

(PBUH) ad ug a w w uld b cl u - b cau y w l a d b cau

y ad v u ly a d a a c wa

aga ly . t duc d (PBUH) x d a d m d v d a d

a d cclud d a a y w m a l m l g . c clud g a y,

m cu a d u d a g al mw , a em g a , w a ac g ll w a

v y u . h ll w c uld m g a f a c ala a d m wa d u

call i lam a d ca ad .t a a m a a d C m a

ac d a a d m . t (PBUH)aw a u l aga d call i lam -

d a, w c wa a u d m by d,

cca w uld v ably f d a way a d aa d a ac m by u , c ally c w ww m ad c clud d a a y w b u d

l dg . i wa m babl a d a w w uld u u d a my

u d a d a y w uld ub qu ly j c wm d x l b l v m d a, ju a

y ad b x ll d m cca.F all a a d C m a

a d w d call i lam; l cca. t gag d m

w m a d d lay d g a d d m a



80

c u w call a d v aga ac a d d d av m m , w m a d

c ld w ay a la d h ly Qu ’a :

‘Our Lord, bring us orth rom this town whose people are evildoers and appoint or us a protec-

tor rom You, and appoint or us rom You a helper’.(Al-Nisa’, 4:75)

i wa a c mba b w b l va d ly b ga a d ba l b w b a

lac ; m w c a la d h ly Qu ’a .d d c w d all c a w c qu

a d cl a v c y.t w b l dg ; y w abl u y

a m a c u a d vy. d’ c u u av u

h a d a ul C m a dl d f a ag m a w u l duc d b a l dg y ad c clud d w .

t wa d by a u Qay uqaa, a u l-nad a da u Qu ay a. t y ul d (p ) a d

b l v a a m w d d ma d ba l a a m mum. u wa d’ w ll a d

u l m ad c c bu j c l dg y adw w a d a a a ac a d a , a w a la w m, a a la d wa .

t w a a (PBUH) w



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ug , b a d a em g a . F m b c m cl a u a ly cca ug

c a . t y w

f c mm agg , c a d b l v m m , y a z d m a d ubj c d m all d mal a m a d u . i al cl a a w d a w ly a ac d by g a y ad

b l dg m a d agg d aga m a ly ad d b .i al v d a ly ug wug m, a d ly ug d d l g

a d av a d d agg a d v l c .t a xac ly c c mba (qitaal ) -v al d h ly Qu ’a , a w av d cu d.

t wa a lac a d a w c duc d by bu a a d oma a d y w a

c ua m g w c g u dw adb la d by yza (Al-Rum ) a d a (Al-Furs ) du g ’ l m . t f w Cal ad

c c bu d v l a d abl l a call i lam a d a gua d cu y u l mw ga d l g a d m .

a a d a g d, u ammad,

call d g yza a d a i lam.t k g yza d a c d am u m -

v w c call d m i lam a d ld m, v u al, a w abl ju c c

w l by g m m i lam. W



82

l wa a la d k g yza , ambl d a a c a d g fc al , ubm d l m a d a d adv c a w

uld acc umm . t y u d ubb ly awaya d x d m wa d a ud . t k g

yza a a d m by ay g: “i ly a d w a ia d y u lv c c g l g a d g

s k g yza aba d d g al , g g v i lam. t yza g

fc al a d a a c b ga w v m u d a d aga i lam a d a c m

ma d a d ub d a . o c qu c waa w s u ab l l- a a m ’ v y c a a a a l u’ a , l- a a

gav d b ad m. t yza u m d a u l m w uld l a uc a a ac u .

t y f d a al a d a mba c yza a d C a ab a a m a la (p ). W g d

a d ab u , a d a a my c w aga m a d m c d call i lam. a a my ac d lac w u l m v y adb ll d, y u d yza a a

g al . t w a m cla d a d ug a f c ba l .t u l m w ll d a d ad b a

a a g m a d d cl d k al d b l-Wal d, a gl ld u l m a my w uld av u v v d.t w c u u a yza w a



83

mbl g aga u l m , d m d a acm. t a d m l a d u w a

a my b y c uld a ac m w la d. W

ac d tabu , u d a y ad aba d d la . t ma d a w day , du g w c

m c c clud d ac a w m. h u d d a, g ab u w ad l b -

cau k al d b l-Wal d’ a ag m a d a umg ay w uld d f ly fg bac . t , qu d a

a my u d c mma d ama b Zayd. imm d a lya a my ad u , (p ) d d a dwa ucc d d by bu a w v c mma d

u l m . bu a wa a f m ,l yal y a d w d m qu d a da c a my a

ad a mbl d c u da g ag-g . t wa ll w d by a a d ucc wa

b w u l m a d yza u l u l mc qu d la d a d abl d l f d i lam.t l y d lay d by yza wa

ma c d by a , w w v m a ga a dw ul. F w a m v k au

(k a), la c a d ca i d d aug y a d a ga wa k au a

w d g v Y m d w gm u ammad b g m k au. t y ac ually

ac d a d m d m m yad b a d w . t g a d: “This day

Khosrau will be killed .” o c w m l a d a



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w d ad c m u , y b cam u l m .t c v cau d c v i lam g v-

Y m . F ll w g , a a a d oma – c u -

a w u d a c – b cam u l m.t a ug a v c y u l m v yza wa ly du w a yza -

a m . t a b ga a ac g b uab b , m l y g g l-h a w a ac d

u l m c ully. t u l m a my ma c d m m a d wa b u u l xy a

ad l- ada’ a d g l-h a u -d d u l m . t g d a d u l m

a a ; y call d m g qu d a a my x l u l m m la d .

F g g b u a d d u l m adva c d la d a . k au’ ll a d all

a la d y ld d u l m .F m b d c w ll b cl a a , f d, u l m ly a ac d l a y ad

w l y a d call (da’wah ). i alw a w uc l y b cam ma a d c u l m w c v c d da g m lv a d

call i lam, y a d u u f a d

l m a b b cam va v . t u l m d d wa m a ac m w la d . t

acc da c w a a u al a d c v c l g cul : “W l a a ac d w m , y a

v ably um l a d.” n v l , acc d g i lam c



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c , w v u l m a v d la d a my w l y m wa v d , y lm c g : c v i lam, ll-

ax ( jizyah ) c mba (qitaal ). t c c w d a my w uld c m , l

a a d lac agg a d a ag m ww d m. t (p ) j d c mma d

a my: “I you meet your polytheist enemy, call on him tochoose one o three things .” t w u a my’

a m y c d d d a c g u la my a d a g m c c wa d

ac a d aba d m l y. i al cl aa wa a u l m ug f d

i lam w a m d a c g l c v i lam, a ubjuga g um l a g m, w ym d by g d m y g a w .

W uld al call Qu ’a c c ga d-g u b av u w , a d a m ,dhimmis , w a ad i lam. o mu al ad w r g ly

u d d Cal a d g u a my c mma d d alw w w ad i lam. t w cal a , ba d a a d v d c u a dc j c u , w l a d mag a m u i lam

a m - u l m ubj c a d w d ly l vu v al ac a d uma l da y. W ca al w

xal d i lam’ u v al uma law a ; law a av a -ac d l a i lam w w ll a

u d c w c - u l m av l v d



86

c u , w u a y c m la ju c . ad g , my v a a

b l d ub a h ly Qu ’a a d l

(p ) g abl a y c c g c mba w c i av d c b d a . ay d gu du ad g h law a d gu da c w c gua a d g y a d u u l m . h ll-h a g,

ll- w g.

E

1 W a m a by ma c c c c ug y cc uc a a d f ; w a m a by u u c c

c bl m acl w c ubm .

2 t d m b l y, a d a Caw ll w d m, ca y u d’ s a ’a w mma( u l m c mmu y).3 t jizyah , a m , a um a d xc a g l

g u c v i lam. i , a w av aa ymb l a g f y ld g, d a c m wa a a

m d g da’wah a d a a c a a a

a u c l a d y. o 35 Kitab Al-Kharaj , bu Yu u w : “ bu baydac clud d a ac a y w l sy a a d ad c ll c d

m m jizyah a d ax ag a a la d (kharaj ), wa m d a r ma w ady g ba l aga



87

m a d a ua ad b c m c cal m a d u l m . bu bayda w g v c

w w m ac ad b c clud d a y mu u

um c ll c d m jizyah a d kharaj a d ay ubj c :‘W u y u y u m y b cau w av b m d a

a b g a d aga u . i u ag m y u ula da w c y u, bu w a u abl d . t , w w

u y u w a w av a m y u, a d w w ll ab d by ula a d w a a b w d w , d g a u

v c y v m.’”4 s m l w d a ag i lam d g b -y d a u fc al a v : … ght those o the disbelievers who are near to you… . t y cla m a i lam

d u l m fg u b l v g al u l y c v i lam w y c mm agg . t y al cla ma i lam c aw (s a ’a ) d c . t u a w a

m a by w d “d b l v ” v a d wa g ly w ug u l m , agg d agam, x ll d m m m , y a d

ad d am g l ga d g a . t m al ly av b d c b d g v

Surat Al-Tawbah .Fu , w a m a by w d “ l ” had : “I

have been ordered to ght the people… ” uld b u d d am v . F acc d g c u (ijma’) had ,

wa a mu c a m a ab ly . m , wa aga m mu c a c d ay … pay the jizyah tribute, readily being subdued . t u ,



88

v a ag m a d c ad cw h ly Qu ’a a d had a d a m dal all ga d d.

5 s c a a c d d m y, ma y vu g d g m y way d, .g. (Al-An al ,8:60): … And whatever thing you expend in the way o God shall be repaid to you in ull, and you will not be wronged . W a m a a all b a d ull by m a c c a

g y u c y u c u y a d c qu g c u y u m . d al ay h ly Qu ’a : And spend inthe way o God; and cast not your own hands into destruction… (Al-Baqarah , 2:195); d uc d uc by b -

g gy a d a m u w c m a al d c .6 t v wa aga v la g a c duc g

a ma w c b a a l l g cu . t v al wa aga ma g u d m cy a

w a d w ac ju c . t y al wa agau g a a a a ul m a a adva ag w aw a c m ll d by c cum a c c m. h y

a v a a c duc d u d c cum a c aul ma ly c u a d d badly. d ay h ly Qu ’a :

And do not make your oaths a [means o ] deceit between youlest a oot should slip a ter being steady, and [lest] you should taste

evil, orasmuch as you barred [people] rom the way o God, and there be a tremendous chastisement or you. (Al-Nahl : 16:94).C m a ac g v w aduc d by m d m a w c av d d u b g d a u

w ld.



About the Author

imam a m ud s al u wa b 1893 a d wa a g aegy a l g u c la , ju , Qu ’a c x g a d -

m . h wa a d by amal bd l-na g u a d imam l- z a a a y

m egy a y, m 1958 u l s s al u ’d a 1963. a d imam l- z a , s al u ’ -

m cu d a a a a d l g uu , a cula ly l- z a . h al d d ca d m-

l w g w ld a i lam c s a ’a aw a dd w m d c y a d a a gu d g l g

ug c a g a d c all g c m a y l .s s al u wa a w ul a a d f ly dc mmu ca ll x d d w g, a cu-

la ly Qu ’a c x g . h w g a w a g wa d la guag , l qu c a d acc b l y lay . s s al u v c mba c a a m i lam a d c u ag d a m y ac b wsu a d s . imam s al u w ll alway b m mb d

w w ld a i lam a l g u y, x b l y, m d a a d a .

The Qur'an and Combat

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