The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts:...

53
The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use Jean Bonhotal Cornell Waste Management Institute http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu

Transcript of The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts:...

Page 1: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

The Quality of Composts Implications for Use

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

CornellWaste Management Institute

Why Compost

Managing Organic Waste through

Composting Reduces Volume

by 50

CornellWaste Management Institute

It does not burn well Fills up Landfills Convert organics into a soil like product Holds soil moisture during dry seasons Helps to Suppress Plant Disease Improves soil quality

Compost = Healthy Soil = Good Food = Healthy People

Effects of erosion

CornellWaste Management Institute

Recycling Organics Makes

Good Sense

Healthy Soils = Healthy Food

CornellWaste Management Institute4182017

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask

1 What feedstock are used to make compost What carbon source is used

2 Are any generated Off-Farm If yes which ones

3 Are Copper Sulfate or Formaldehyde used on farm

4 Are pesticides and herbicides used For what use

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)

5 How long is material composted and by which method

6 Has hay or bedding been imported from midwest or west

7 Is it screened and size of screen

8 Has compost been tested Are results available

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food

Manure

Food wasteFood processing ManureLeaf and yardwasteVineyard residualsBiosolidsFish waste

Feedstock

Organics = 60 or more of our waste stream

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Test soil nutrients Organic Material-Can you have too

much pH Know crop requirements

Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Quality Issues

Low Nutrient High Carbon Organic Matter Chemicals-pesticides

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Leaf amp Yard Residuals

Inerts- garbageHerbicidesPesticidesLeadSalt Level

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food Scrap amp Processing Residual

High in Salt Physical Contaminants Varies with Feedstock

Manure Compost

bull High in Organic Matter bull Low in contaminantsbull Little garbage or inertsbull Can be high in Pbull Pharmaceuticals

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Manure Compost SamplesAverage values for selected analytes

average

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Metal Results

(dry basis unless specified) (units ppm)

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
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14
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14
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14
15
15
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15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
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22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
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As Cd Cu Hg Pb
1A lt23 21 5093 0023 17
2B 63 16 349 0039 24
3F lt23 24 5290 0029 19
3FB lt23 24 2650 0029 29
4G 18 36 289 0024 56
4GB 29 36 301 0057 58
5H 34 4 3660 005 17
6PB 17 28 320 0026 lt8
7WA 57 17 261 lt002 20
8WI 23 22 7777 0032 20
NYS Soil lt9 02 20 01 15
NYS 360 25 1000 10 250
pH Organic Fecal Coliform Weed Seeds
Matter MPNg (range) CountL
1A (n=6) 78 67 lt2 to 800 1
2B (n=4) 77 28 lt2 to 2 1
3F (n=6) 85 68 17 to 3500 0
3FB (n=4) 83 55 lt2 to 11 0
4G (n=4) 79 24 lt2 to 140 3
4GB (n=4) 79 25 140 to 1700 8
5H (n=4) 78 57 11 to 700 0
6PB (n=4) 79 87 1300 to 28000 0
7WA (n=5) 65 38 lt2 to 300 6
8WI (n=6) 78 43 lt2 to 2 98
Page 2: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

CornellWaste Management Institute

Why Compost

Managing Organic Waste through

Composting Reduces Volume

by 50

CornellWaste Management Institute

It does not burn well Fills up Landfills Convert organics into a soil like product Holds soil moisture during dry seasons Helps to Suppress Plant Disease Improves soil quality

Compost = Healthy Soil = Good Food = Healthy People

Effects of erosion

CornellWaste Management Institute

Recycling Organics Makes

Good Sense

Healthy Soils = Healthy Food

CornellWaste Management Institute4182017

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask

1 What feedstock are used to make compost What carbon source is used

2 Are any generated Off-Farm If yes which ones

3 Are Copper Sulfate or Formaldehyde used on farm

4 Are pesticides and herbicides used For what use

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)

5 How long is material composted and by which method

6 Has hay or bedding been imported from midwest or west

7 Is it screened and size of screen

8 Has compost been tested Are results available

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food

Manure

Food wasteFood processing ManureLeaf and yardwasteVineyard residualsBiosolidsFish waste

Feedstock

Organics = 60 or more of our waste stream

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Test soil nutrients Organic Material-Can you have too

much pH Know crop requirements

Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Quality Issues

Low Nutrient High Carbon Organic Matter Chemicals-pesticides

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Leaf amp Yard Residuals

Inerts- garbageHerbicidesPesticidesLeadSalt Level

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food Scrap amp Processing Residual

High in Salt Physical Contaminants Varies with Feedstock

Manure Compost

bull High in Organic Matter bull Low in contaminantsbull Little garbage or inertsbull Can be high in Pbull Pharmaceuticals

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Manure Compost SamplesAverage values for selected analytes

average

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Metal Results

(dry basis unless specified) (units ppm)

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
As Cd Cu Hg Pb
1A lt23 21 5093 0023 17
2B 63 16 349 0039 24
3F lt23 24 5290 0029 19
3FB lt23 24 2650 0029 29
4G 18 36 289 0024 56
4GB 29 36 301 0057 58
5H 34 4 3660 005 17
6PB 17 28 320 0026 lt8
7WA 57 17 261 lt002 20
8WI 23 22 7777 0032 20
NYS Soil lt9 02 20 01 15
NYS 360 25 1000 10 250
pH Organic Fecal Coliform Weed Seeds
Matter MPNg (range) CountL
1A (n=6) 78 67 lt2 to 800 1
2B (n=4) 77 28 lt2 to 2 1
3F (n=6) 85 68 17 to 3500 0
3FB (n=4) 83 55 lt2 to 11 0
4G (n=4) 79 24 lt2 to 140 3
4GB (n=4) 79 25 140 to 1700 8
5H (n=4) 78 57 11 to 700 0
6PB (n=4) 79 87 1300 to 28000 0
7WA (n=5) 65 38 lt2 to 300 6
8WI (n=6) 78 43 lt2 to 2 98
Page 3: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

CornellWaste Management Institute

It does not burn well Fills up Landfills Convert organics into a soil like product Holds soil moisture during dry seasons Helps to Suppress Plant Disease Improves soil quality

Compost = Healthy Soil = Good Food = Healthy People

Effects of erosion

CornellWaste Management Institute

Recycling Organics Makes

Good Sense

Healthy Soils = Healthy Food

CornellWaste Management Institute4182017

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask

1 What feedstock are used to make compost What carbon source is used

2 Are any generated Off-Farm If yes which ones

3 Are Copper Sulfate or Formaldehyde used on farm

4 Are pesticides and herbicides used For what use

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)

5 How long is material composted and by which method

6 Has hay or bedding been imported from midwest or west

7 Is it screened and size of screen

8 Has compost been tested Are results available

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food

Manure

Food wasteFood processing ManureLeaf and yardwasteVineyard residualsBiosolidsFish waste

Feedstock

Organics = 60 or more of our waste stream

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Test soil nutrients Organic Material-Can you have too

much pH Know crop requirements

Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Quality Issues

Low Nutrient High Carbon Organic Matter Chemicals-pesticides

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Leaf amp Yard Residuals

Inerts- garbageHerbicidesPesticidesLeadSalt Level

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food Scrap amp Processing Residual

High in Salt Physical Contaminants Varies with Feedstock

Manure Compost

bull High in Organic Matter bull Low in contaminantsbull Little garbage or inertsbull Can be high in Pbull Pharmaceuticals

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Manure Compost SamplesAverage values for selected analytes

average

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Metal Results

(dry basis unless specified) (units ppm)

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
As Cd Cu Hg Pb
1A lt23 21 5093 0023 17
2B 63 16 349 0039 24
3F lt23 24 5290 0029 19
3FB lt23 24 2650 0029 29
4G 18 36 289 0024 56
4GB 29 36 301 0057 58
5H 34 4 3660 005 17
6PB 17 28 320 0026 lt8
7WA 57 17 261 lt002 20
8WI 23 22 7777 0032 20
NYS Soil lt9 02 20 01 15
NYS 360 25 1000 10 250
pH Organic Fecal Coliform Weed Seeds
Matter MPNg (range) CountL
1A (n=6) 78 67 lt2 to 800 1
2B (n=4) 77 28 lt2 to 2 1
3F (n=6) 85 68 17 to 3500 0
3FB (n=4) 83 55 lt2 to 11 0
4G (n=4) 79 24 lt2 to 140 3
4GB (n=4) 79 25 140 to 1700 8
5H (n=4) 78 57 11 to 700 0
6PB (n=4) 79 87 1300 to 28000 0
7WA (n=5) 65 38 lt2 to 300 6
8WI (n=6) 78 43 lt2 to 2 98
Page 4: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Effects of erosion

CornellWaste Management Institute

Recycling Organics Makes

Good Sense

Healthy Soils = Healthy Food

CornellWaste Management Institute4182017

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask

1 What feedstock are used to make compost What carbon source is used

2 Are any generated Off-Farm If yes which ones

3 Are Copper Sulfate or Formaldehyde used on farm

4 Are pesticides and herbicides used For what use

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)

5 How long is material composted and by which method

6 Has hay or bedding been imported from midwest or west

7 Is it screened and size of screen

8 Has compost been tested Are results available

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food

Manure

Food wasteFood processing ManureLeaf and yardwasteVineyard residualsBiosolidsFish waste

Feedstock

Organics = 60 or more of our waste stream

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Test soil nutrients Organic Material-Can you have too

much pH Know crop requirements

Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Quality Issues

Low Nutrient High Carbon Organic Matter Chemicals-pesticides

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Leaf amp Yard Residuals

Inerts- garbageHerbicidesPesticidesLeadSalt Level

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food Scrap amp Processing Residual

High in Salt Physical Contaminants Varies with Feedstock

Manure Compost

bull High in Organic Matter bull Low in contaminantsbull Little garbage or inertsbull Can be high in Pbull Pharmaceuticals

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Manure Compost SamplesAverage values for selected analytes

average

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Metal Results

(dry basis unless specified) (units ppm)

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
As Cd Cu Hg Pb
1A lt23 21 5093 0023 17
2B 63 16 349 0039 24
3F lt23 24 5290 0029 19
3FB lt23 24 2650 0029 29
4G 18 36 289 0024 56
4GB 29 36 301 0057 58
5H 34 4 3660 005 17
6PB 17 28 320 0026 lt8
7WA 57 17 261 lt002 20
8WI 23 22 7777 0032 20
NYS Soil lt9 02 20 01 15
NYS 360 25 1000 10 250
pH Organic Fecal Coliform Weed Seeds
Matter MPNg (range) CountL
1A (n=6) 78 67 lt2 to 800 1
2B (n=4) 77 28 lt2 to 2 1
3F (n=6) 85 68 17 to 3500 0
3FB (n=4) 83 55 lt2 to 11 0
4G (n=4) 79 24 lt2 to 140 3
4GB (n=4) 79 25 140 to 1700 8
5H (n=4) 78 57 11 to 700 0
6PB (n=4) 79 87 1300 to 28000 0
7WA (n=5) 65 38 lt2 to 300 6
8WI (n=6) 78 43 lt2 to 2 98
Page 5: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

CornellWaste Management Institute

Recycling Organics Makes

Good Sense

Healthy Soils = Healthy Food

CornellWaste Management Institute4182017

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask

1 What feedstock are used to make compost What carbon source is used

2 Are any generated Off-Farm If yes which ones

3 Are Copper Sulfate or Formaldehyde used on farm

4 Are pesticides and herbicides used For what use

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)

5 How long is material composted and by which method

6 Has hay or bedding been imported from midwest or west

7 Is it screened and size of screen

8 Has compost been tested Are results available

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food

Manure

Food wasteFood processing ManureLeaf and yardwasteVineyard residualsBiosolidsFish waste

Feedstock

Organics = 60 or more of our waste stream

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Test soil nutrients Organic Material-Can you have too

much pH Know crop requirements

Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Quality Issues

Low Nutrient High Carbon Organic Matter Chemicals-pesticides

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Leaf amp Yard Residuals

Inerts- garbageHerbicidesPesticidesLeadSalt Level

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food Scrap amp Processing Residual

High in Salt Physical Contaminants Varies with Feedstock

Manure Compost

bull High in Organic Matter bull Low in contaminantsbull Little garbage or inertsbull Can be high in Pbull Pharmaceuticals

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Manure Compost SamplesAverage values for selected analytes

average

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Metal Results

(dry basis unless specified) (units ppm)

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
As Cd Cu Hg Pb
1A lt23 21 5093 0023 17
2B 63 16 349 0039 24
3F lt23 24 5290 0029 19
3FB lt23 24 2650 0029 29
4G 18 36 289 0024 56
4GB 29 36 301 0057 58
5H 34 4 3660 005 17
6PB 17 28 320 0026 lt8
7WA 57 17 261 lt002 20
8WI 23 22 7777 0032 20
NYS Soil lt9 02 20 01 15
NYS 360 25 1000 10 250
pH Organic Fecal Coliform Weed Seeds
Matter MPNg (range) CountL
1A (n=6) 78 67 lt2 to 800 1
2B (n=4) 77 28 lt2 to 2 1
3F (n=6) 85 68 17 to 3500 0
3FB (n=4) 83 55 lt2 to 11 0
4G (n=4) 79 24 lt2 to 140 3
4GB (n=4) 79 25 140 to 1700 8
5H (n=4) 78 57 11 to 700 0
6PB (n=4) 79 87 1300 to 28000 0
7WA (n=5) 65 38 lt2 to 300 6
8WI (n=6) 78 43 lt2 to 2 98
Page 6: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

CornellWaste Management Institute4182017

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask

1 What feedstock are used to make compost What carbon source is used

2 Are any generated Off-Farm If yes which ones

3 Are Copper Sulfate or Formaldehyde used on farm

4 Are pesticides and herbicides used For what use

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)

5 How long is material composted and by which method

6 Has hay or bedding been imported from midwest or west

7 Is it screened and size of screen

8 Has compost been tested Are results available

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food

Manure

Food wasteFood processing ManureLeaf and yardwasteVineyard residualsBiosolidsFish waste

Feedstock

Organics = 60 or more of our waste stream

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Test soil nutrients Organic Material-Can you have too

much pH Know crop requirements

Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Quality Issues

Low Nutrient High Carbon Organic Matter Chemicals-pesticides

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Leaf amp Yard Residuals

Inerts- garbageHerbicidesPesticidesLeadSalt Level

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food Scrap amp Processing Residual

High in Salt Physical Contaminants Varies with Feedstock

Manure Compost

bull High in Organic Matter bull Low in contaminantsbull Little garbage or inertsbull Can be high in Pbull Pharmaceuticals

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Manure Compost SamplesAverage values for selected analytes

average

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Metal Results

(dry basis unless specified) (units ppm)

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
As Cd Cu Hg Pb
1A lt23 21 5093 0023 17
2B 63 16 349 0039 24
3F lt23 24 5290 0029 19
3FB lt23 24 2650 0029 29
4G 18 36 289 0024 56
4GB 29 36 301 0057 58
5H 34 4 3660 005 17
6PB 17 28 320 0026 lt8
7WA 57 17 261 lt002 20
8WI 23 22 7777 0032 20
NYS Soil lt9 02 20 01 15
NYS 360 25 1000 10 250
pH Organic Fecal Coliform Weed Seeds
Matter MPNg (range) CountL
1A (n=6) 78 67 lt2 to 800 1
2B (n=4) 77 28 lt2 to 2 1
3F (n=6) 85 68 17 to 3500 0
3FB (n=4) 83 55 lt2 to 11 0
4G (n=4) 79 24 lt2 to 140 3
4GB (n=4) 79 25 140 to 1700 8
5H (n=4) 78 57 11 to 700 0
6PB (n=4) 79 87 1300 to 28000 0
7WA (n=5) 65 38 lt2 to 300 6
8WI (n=6) 78 43 lt2 to 2 98
Page 7: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask

1 What feedstock are used to make compost What carbon source is used

2 Are any generated Off-Farm If yes which ones

3 Are Copper Sulfate or Formaldehyde used on farm

4 Are pesticides and herbicides used For what use

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)

5 How long is material composted and by which method

6 Has hay or bedding been imported from midwest or west

7 Is it screened and size of screen

8 Has compost been tested Are results available

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food

Manure

Food wasteFood processing ManureLeaf and yardwasteVineyard residualsBiosolidsFish waste

Feedstock

Organics = 60 or more of our waste stream

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Test soil nutrients Organic Material-Can you have too

much pH Know crop requirements

Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Quality Issues

Low Nutrient High Carbon Organic Matter Chemicals-pesticides

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Leaf amp Yard Residuals

Inerts- garbageHerbicidesPesticidesLeadSalt Level

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food Scrap amp Processing Residual

High in Salt Physical Contaminants Varies with Feedstock

Manure Compost

bull High in Organic Matter bull Low in contaminantsbull Little garbage or inertsbull Can be high in Pbull Pharmaceuticals

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Manure Compost SamplesAverage values for selected analytes

average

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Metal Results

(dry basis unless specified) (units ppm)

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
As Cd Cu Hg Pb
1A lt23 21 5093 0023 17
2B 63 16 349 0039 24
3F lt23 24 5290 0029 19
3FB lt23 24 2650 0029 29
4G 18 36 289 0024 56
4GB 29 36 301 0057 58
5H 34 4 3660 005 17
6PB 17 28 320 0026 lt8
7WA 57 17 261 lt002 20
8WI 23 22 7777 0032 20
NYS Soil lt9 02 20 01 15
NYS 360 25 1000 10 250
pH Organic Fecal Coliform Weed Seeds
Matter MPNg (range) CountL
1A (n=6) 78 67 lt2 to 800 1
2B (n=4) 77 28 lt2 to 2 1
3F (n=6) 85 68 17 to 3500 0
3FB (n=4) 83 55 lt2 to 11 0
4G (n=4) 79 24 lt2 to 140 3
4GB (n=4) 79 25 140 to 1700 8
5H (n=4) 78 57 11 to 700 0
6PB (n=4) 79 87 1300 to 28000 0
7WA (n=5) 65 38 lt2 to 300 6
8WI (n=6) 78 43 lt2 to 2 98
Page 8: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)

5 How long is material composted and by which method

6 Has hay or bedding been imported from midwest or west

7 Is it screened and size of screen

8 Has compost been tested Are results available

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food

Manure

Food wasteFood processing ManureLeaf and yardwasteVineyard residualsBiosolidsFish waste

Feedstock

Organics = 60 or more of our waste stream

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Test soil nutrients Organic Material-Can you have too

much pH Know crop requirements

Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Quality Issues

Low Nutrient High Carbon Organic Matter Chemicals-pesticides

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Leaf amp Yard Residuals

Inerts- garbageHerbicidesPesticidesLeadSalt Level

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food Scrap amp Processing Residual

High in Salt Physical Contaminants Varies with Feedstock

Manure Compost

bull High in Organic Matter bull Low in contaminantsbull Little garbage or inertsbull Can be high in Pbull Pharmaceuticals

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Manure Compost SamplesAverage values for selected analytes

average

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Metal Results

(dry basis unless specified) (units ppm)

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
As Cd Cu Hg Pb
1A lt23 21 5093 0023 17
2B 63 16 349 0039 24
3F lt23 24 5290 0029 19
3FB lt23 24 2650 0029 29
4G 18 36 289 0024 56
4GB 29 36 301 0057 58
5H 34 4 3660 005 17
6PB 17 28 320 0026 lt8
7WA 57 17 261 lt002 20
8WI 23 22 7777 0032 20
NYS Soil lt9 02 20 01 15
NYS 360 25 1000 10 250
pH Organic Fecal Coliform Weed Seeds
Matter MPNg (range) CountL
1A (n=6) 78 67 lt2 to 800 1
2B (n=4) 77 28 lt2 to 2 1
3F (n=6) 85 68 17 to 3500 0
3FB (n=4) 83 55 lt2 to 11 0
4G (n=4) 79 24 lt2 to 140 3
4GB (n=4) 79 25 140 to 1700 8
5H (n=4) 78 57 11 to 700 0
6PB (n=4) 79 87 1300 to 28000 0
7WA (n=5) 65 38 lt2 to 300 6
8WI (n=6) 78 43 lt2 to 2 98
Page 9: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food

Manure

Food wasteFood processing ManureLeaf and yardwasteVineyard residualsBiosolidsFish waste

Feedstock

Organics = 60 or more of our waste stream

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Test soil nutrients Organic Material-Can you have too

much pH Know crop requirements

Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Quality Issues

Low Nutrient High Carbon Organic Matter Chemicals-pesticides

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Leaf amp Yard Residuals

Inerts- garbageHerbicidesPesticidesLeadSalt Level

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food Scrap amp Processing Residual

High in Salt Physical Contaminants Varies with Feedstock

Manure Compost

bull High in Organic Matter bull Low in contaminantsbull Little garbage or inertsbull Can be high in Pbull Pharmaceuticals

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Manure Compost SamplesAverage values for selected analytes

average

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Metal Results

(dry basis unless specified) (units ppm)

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
As Cd Cu Hg Pb
1A lt23 21 5093 0023 17
2B 63 16 349 0039 24
3F lt23 24 5290 0029 19
3FB lt23 24 2650 0029 29
4G 18 36 289 0024 56
4GB 29 36 301 0057 58
5H 34 4 3660 005 17
6PB 17 28 320 0026 lt8
7WA 57 17 261 lt002 20
8WI 23 22 7777 0032 20
NYS Soil lt9 02 20 01 15
NYS 360 25 1000 10 250
pH Organic Fecal Coliform Weed Seeds
Matter MPNg (range) CountL
1A (n=6) 78 67 lt2 to 800 1
2B (n=4) 77 28 lt2 to 2 1
3F (n=6) 85 68 17 to 3500 0
3FB (n=4) 83 55 lt2 to 11 0
4G (n=4) 79 24 lt2 to 140 3
4GB (n=4) 79 25 140 to 1700 8
5H (n=4) 78 57 11 to 700 0
6PB (n=4) 79 87 1300 to 28000 0
7WA (n=5) 65 38 lt2 to 300 6
8WI (n=6) 78 43 lt2 to 2 98
Page 10: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Test soil nutrients Organic Material-Can you have too

much pH Know crop requirements

Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Quality Issues

Low Nutrient High Carbon Organic Matter Chemicals-pesticides

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Leaf amp Yard Residuals

Inerts- garbageHerbicidesPesticidesLeadSalt Level

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food Scrap amp Processing Residual

High in Salt Physical Contaminants Varies with Feedstock

Manure Compost

bull High in Organic Matter bull Low in contaminantsbull Little garbage or inertsbull Can be high in Pbull Pharmaceuticals

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Manure Compost SamplesAverage values for selected analytes

average

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Metal Results

(dry basis unless specified) (units ppm)

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
As Cd Cu Hg Pb
1A lt23 21 5093 0023 17
2B 63 16 349 0039 24
3F lt23 24 5290 0029 19
3FB lt23 24 2650 0029 29
4G 18 36 289 0024 56
4GB 29 36 301 0057 58
5H 34 4 3660 005 17
6PB 17 28 320 0026 lt8
7WA 57 17 261 lt002 20
8WI 23 22 7777 0032 20
NYS Soil lt9 02 20 01 15
NYS 360 25 1000 10 250
pH Organic Fecal Coliform Weed Seeds
Matter MPNg (range) CountL
1A (n=6) 78 67 lt2 to 800 1
2B (n=4) 77 28 lt2 to 2 1
3F (n=6) 85 68 17 to 3500 0
3FB (n=4) 83 55 lt2 to 11 0
4G (n=4) 79 24 lt2 to 140 3
4GB (n=4) 79 25 140 to 1700 8
5H (n=4) 78 57 11 to 700 0
6PB (n=4) 79 87 1300 to 28000 0
7WA (n=5) 65 38 lt2 to 300 6
8WI (n=6) 78 43 lt2 to 2 98
Page 11: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Quality Issues

Low Nutrient High Carbon Organic Matter Chemicals-pesticides

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Leaf amp Yard Residuals

Inerts- garbageHerbicidesPesticidesLeadSalt Level

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food Scrap amp Processing Residual

High in Salt Physical Contaminants Varies with Feedstock

Manure Compost

bull High in Organic Matter bull Low in contaminantsbull Little garbage or inertsbull Can be high in Pbull Pharmaceuticals

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Manure Compost SamplesAverage values for selected analytes

average

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Metal Results

(dry basis unless specified) (units ppm)

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
As Cd Cu Hg Pb
1A lt23 21 5093 0023 17
2B 63 16 349 0039 24
3F lt23 24 5290 0029 19
3FB lt23 24 2650 0029 29
4G 18 36 289 0024 56
4GB 29 36 301 0057 58
5H 34 4 3660 005 17
6PB 17 28 320 0026 lt8
7WA 57 17 261 lt002 20
8WI 23 22 7777 0032 20
NYS Soil lt9 02 20 01 15
NYS 360 25 1000 10 250
pH Organic Fecal Coliform Weed Seeds
Matter MPNg (range) CountL
1A (n=6) 78 67 lt2 to 800 1
2B (n=4) 77 28 lt2 to 2 1
3F (n=6) 85 68 17 to 3500 0
3FB (n=4) 83 55 lt2 to 11 0
4G (n=4) 79 24 lt2 to 140 3
4GB (n=4) 79 25 140 to 1700 8
5H (n=4) 78 57 11 to 700 0
6PB (n=4) 79 87 1300 to 28000 0
7WA (n=5) 65 38 lt2 to 300 6
8WI (n=6) 78 43 lt2 to 2 98
Page 12: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Leaf amp Yard Residuals

Inerts- garbageHerbicidesPesticidesLeadSalt Level

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food Scrap amp Processing Residual

High in Salt Physical Contaminants Varies with Feedstock

Manure Compost

bull High in Organic Matter bull Low in contaminantsbull Little garbage or inertsbull Can be high in Pbull Pharmaceuticals

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Manure Compost SamplesAverage values for selected analytes

average

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Metal Results

(dry basis unless specified) (units ppm)

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
As Cd Cu Hg Pb
1A lt23 21 5093 0023 17
2B 63 16 349 0039 24
3F lt23 24 5290 0029 19
3FB lt23 24 2650 0029 29
4G 18 36 289 0024 56
4GB 29 36 301 0057 58
5H 34 4 3660 005 17
6PB 17 28 320 0026 lt8
7WA 57 17 261 lt002 20
8WI 23 22 7777 0032 20
NYS Soil lt9 02 20 01 15
NYS 360 25 1000 10 250
pH Organic Fecal Coliform Weed Seeds
Matter MPNg (range) CountL
1A (n=6) 78 67 lt2 to 800 1
2B (n=4) 77 28 lt2 to 2 1
3F (n=6) 85 68 17 to 3500 0
3FB (n=4) 83 55 lt2 to 11 0
4G (n=4) 79 24 lt2 to 140 3
4GB (n=4) 79 25 140 to 1700 8
5H (n=4) 78 57 11 to 700 0
6PB (n=4) 79 87 1300 to 28000 0
7WA (n=5) 65 38 lt2 to 300 6
8WI (n=6) 78 43 lt2 to 2 98
Page 13: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Food Scrap amp Processing Residual

High in Salt Physical Contaminants Varies with Feedstock

Manure Compost

bull High in Organic Matter bull Low in contaminantsbull Little garbage or inertsbull Can be high in Pbull Pharmaceuticals

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Manure Compost SamplesAverage values for selected analytes

average

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Metal Results

(dry basis unless specified) (units ppm)

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
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13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
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14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
As Cd Cu Hg Pb
1A lt23 21 5093 0023 17
2B 63 16 349 0039 24
3F lt23 24 5290 0029 19
3FB lt23 24 2650 0029 29
4G 18 36 289 0024 56
4GB 29 36 301 0057 58
5H 34 4 3660 005 17
6PB 17 28 320 0026 lt8
7WA 57 17 261 lt002 20
8WI 23 22 7777 0032 20
NYS Soil lt9 02 20 01 15
NYS 360 25 1000 10 250
pH Organic Fecal Coliform Weed Seeds
Matter MPNg (range) CountL
1A (n=6) 78 67 lt2 to 800 1
2B (n=4) 77 28 lt2 to 2 1
3F (n=6) 85 68 17 to 3500 0
3FB (n=4) 83 55 lt2 to 11 0
4G (n=4) 79 24 lt2 to 140 3
4GB (n=4) 79 25 140 to 1700 8
5H (n=4) 78 57 11 to 700 0
6PB (n=4) 79 87 1300 to 28000 0
7WA (n=5) 65 38 lt2 to 300 6
8WI (n=6) 78 43 lt2 to 2 98
Page 14: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Manure Compost

bull High in Organic Matter bull Low in contaminantsbull Little garbage or inertsbull Can be high in Pbull Pharmaceuticals

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Manure Compost SamplesAverage values for selected analytes

average

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Metal Results

(dry basis unless specified) (units ppm)

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
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232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
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22
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23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
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5
5
5
5
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22
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22
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23
23
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24
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24
24
25
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25
25
25
As Cd Cu Hg Pb
1A lt23 21 5093 0023 17
2B 63 16 349 0039 24
3F lt23 24 5290 0029 19
3FB lt23 24 2650 0029 29
4G 18 36 289 0024 56
4GB 29 36 301 0057 58
5H 34 4 3660 005 17
6PB 17 28 320 0026 lt8
7WA 57 17 261 lt002 20
8WI 23 22 7777 0032 20
NYS Soil lt9 02 20 01 15
NYS 360 25 1000 10 250
pH Organic Fecal Coliform Weed Seeds
Matter MPNg (range) CountL
1A (n=6) 78 67 lt2 to 800 1
2B (n=4) 77 28 lt2 to 2 1
3F (n=6) 85 68 17 to 3500 0
3FB (n=4) 83 55 lt2 to 11 0
4G (n=4) 79 24 lt2 to 140 3
4GB (n=4) 79 25 140 to 1700 8
5H (n=4) 78 57 11 to 700 0
6PB (n=4) 79 87 1300 to 28000 0
7WA (n=5) 65 38 lt2 to 300 6
8WI (n=6) 78 43 lt2 to 2 98
Page 15: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Manure Compost SamplesAverage values for selected analytes

average

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Metal Results

(dry basis unless specified) (units ppm)

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
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2
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2
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2
15
2
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3
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3
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21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
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7
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11
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12
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13
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13
13
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14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
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15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
As Cd Cu Hg Pb
1A lt23 21 5093 0023 17
2B 63 16 349 0039 24
3F lt23 24 5290 0029 19
3FB lt23 24 2650 0029 29
4G 18 36 289 0024 56
4GB 29 36 301 0057 58
5H 34 4 3660 005 17
6PB 17 28 320 0026 lt8
7WA 57 17 261 lt002 20
8WI 23 22 7777 0032 20
NYS Soil lt9 02 20 01 15
NYS 360 25 1000 10 250
pH Organic Fecal Coliform Weed Seeds
Matter MPNg (range) CountL
1A (n=6) 78 67 lt2 to 800 1
2B (n=4) 77 28 lt2 to 2 1
3F (n=6) 85 68 17 to 3500 0
3FB (n=4) 83 55 lt2 to 11 0
4G (n=4) 79 24 lt2 to 140 3
4GB (n=4) 79 25 140 to 1700 8
5H (n=4) 78 57 11 to 700 0
6PB (n=4) 79 87 1300 to 28000 0
7WA (n=5) 65 38 lt2 to 300 6
8WI (n=6) 78 43 lt2 to 2 98
Page 16: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

average

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Metal Results

(dry basis unless specified) (units ppm)

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
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6
6
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17
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18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
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20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
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7
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8
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11
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12
13
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13
14
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14
14
14
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14
14
14
14
15
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15
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15
15
15
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16
16
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17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
As Cd Cu Hg Pb
1A lt23 21 5093 0023 17
2B 63 16 349 0039 24
3F lt23 24 5290 0029 19
3FB lt23 24 2650 0029 29
4G 18 36 289 0024 56
4GB 29 36 301 0057 58
5H 34 4 3660 005 17
6PB 17 28 320 0026 lt8
7WA 57 17 261 lt002 20
8WI 23 22 7777 0032 20
NYS Soil lt9 02 20 01 15
NYS 360 25 1000 10 250
pH Organic Fecal Coliform Weed Seeds
Matter MPNg (range) CountL
1A (n=6) 78 67 lt2 to 800 1
2B (n=4) 77 28 lt2 to 2 1
3F (n=6) 85 68 17 to 3500 0
3FB (n=4) 83 55 lt2 to 11 0
4G (n=4) 79 24 lt2 to 140 3
4GB (n=4) 79 25 140 to 1700 8
5H (n=4) 78 57 11 to 700 0
6PB (n=4) 79 87 1300 to 28000 0
7WA (n=5) 65 38 lt2 to 300 6
8WI (n=6) 78 43 lt2 to 2 98
Page 17: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Metal Results

(dry basis unless specified) (units ppm)

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
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6
6
7
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7
8
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11
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15
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16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
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13
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14
14
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17
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18
19
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20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
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7
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22
22
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23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
As Cd Cu Hg Pb
1A lt23 21 5093 0023 17
2B 63 16 349 0039 24
3F lt23 24 5290 0029 19
3FB lt23 24 2650 0029 29
4G 18 36 289 0024 56
4GB 29 36 301 0057 58
5H 34 4 3660 005 17
6PB 17 28 320 0026 lt8
7WA 57 17 261 lt002 20
8WI 23 22 7777 0032 20
NYS Soil lt9 02 20 01 15
NYS 360 25 1000 10 250
Page 18: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
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10
11
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11
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13
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14
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14
14
14
15
15
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15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
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9
9
9
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10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
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8
8
8
8
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10
10
10
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11
11
11
12
12
12
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13
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14
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14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
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21
22
22
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22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
As Cd Cu Hg Pb
1A lt23 21 5093 0023 17
2B 63 16 349 0039 24
3F lt23 24 5290 0029 19
3FB lt23 24 2650 0029 29
4G 18 36 289 0024 56
4GB 29 36 301 0057 58
5H 34 4 3660 005 17
6PB 17 28 320 0026 lt8
7WA 57 17 261 lt002 20
8WI 23 22 7777 0032 20
NYS Soil lt9 02 20 01 15
NYS 360 25 1000 10 250
Page 19: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Sheet2

Sheet3

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
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25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
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Page 20: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Sheet3

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
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16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
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21
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22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
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25
Page 21: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

CWMI - CSS 031103 Seminar

Un-separated Dairy Separated Dairy Poultry

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - light shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
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7
7
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9
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10
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11
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12
12
13
13
13
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13
13
13
14
14
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14
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14
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21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
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25
25
25
Page 22: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Chart6

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
232
238833333333
251
4684
223
3265
238
246166666667
255
244833333333
234
3542
42
503
492
257
534
237833333333
543
291166666667
53
3766
50
396333333333
433
67
437
533916666667
397
65575
398
557666666667
33
305
309
7475
319
240333333333
305
264666666667
29
292
406
3882
285
483333333333
252
5176
274
511666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
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12
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13
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13
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14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
1 1 16166666667 15833333333
1 2 746 714
1 3 795 365
1 4 79833333333 88166666667
1 5 26166666667 21833333333
1 6 328 282
2 7 249 149
2 8 46 41
2 9 67166666667 46833333333
2 10 131833333333 121166666667
2 11 404 386
2 12 35666666667 18333333333
2 13 21 37
2 14 174083333333 160916666667
2 15 4625 10175
2 16 46333333333 47666666667
3 17 4 64
3 18 895 1875
3 19 25666666667 18333333333
3 20 12333333333 20666666667
3 21 19 24
3 22 178 332
4 23 41666666667 82333333333
4 24 354 426
4 25 33333333333 40666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
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14
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14
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14
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15
15
15
15
15
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16
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17
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18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
Page 23: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Sheet1

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
Page 24: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Sheet1

Data Points
Averages
Farm
Density (lbft^3)
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixDensity
48
486666666667
48
542
47
471666666667
48
555
51
521666666667
50
494
55
458333333333
69
594
57
506666666667
58
465
56
47
55
376666666667
42
42875
44
425
55
40375
51
423333333333
47
492
47
44
46
583333333333
46
576666666667
50
526666666667
47
37
50
386666666667
51
342
58
421666666667
52
57
56
59
56
56
58
56
57
52
55
46
59
51
50
44
42
51
54
56
41
44
45
59
44
42
59
57
60
57
64
51
44
51
55
48
55
45
51
41
41
50
51
47
47
47
36
40
37
44
35
43
39
40
42
51
49
44
44
44
43
36
42
24
26
43
41
62
61
40
44
38
43
31
29
46
52
45
46
40
37
45
41
48
50
51
51
46
36
34
41
47
51
31
49
63
61
62
60
54
54
59
62
55
56
53
51
54
37
39
36
36
37
41
34
41
31
38
29
36
37
46
42
42
39
45
39

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
1 1 23333333333 16666666667
1 2 148 122
1 3 28333333333 11666666667
1 4 35 55
1 5 68333333333 61666666667
1 6 66 74
2 7 131666666667 48333333333
2 8 46 24
2 9 43333333333 66666666667
2 10 45 55
2 11 0 0
2 12 23333333333 16666666667
2 13 8125 7875
2 14 195 185
2 15 11625 11375
2 16 36666666667 53333333333
3 17 18 32
3 18 19 13
3 19 36666666667 43333333333
3 20 43333333333 26666666667
3 21 13333333333 16666666667
3 22 2 1
4 23 23333333333 46666666667
4 24 38 52
4 25 38333333333 31666666667
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
Page 25: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Sheet2

Figure 1 Suggested ranges of density for use in topsoil mix from USCC - light shaded area (27 lbft^3 - 37 lbft^3) and Rodale - dark shaded area (45 lbft^3 - 60 lbft^3) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Data Points
Averages
Farm
Organic Matter
NYS Composts vs Guidelines for Topsoil MixOrganic Matter
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
2
12
2
13
2
14
2
15
2
16
3
17
3
18
3
19
3
20
3
21
3
22
4
23
4
24
4
25
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
232
238833333333
16166666667
15833333333
251
4684
746
714
223
3265
795
365
238
246166666667
79833333333
88166666667
255
244833333333
26166666667
21833333333
234
3542
328
282
42
503
249
149
492
257
46
41
534
237833333333
67166666667
46833333333
543
291166666667
131833333333
121166666667
53
3766
404
386
50
396333333333
35666666667
18333333333
433
67
21
37
437
533916666667
174083333333
160916666667
397
65575
4625
10175
398
557666666667
46333333333
47666666667
33
305
4
64
309
7475
895
1875
319
240333333333
25666666667
18333333333
305
264666666667
12333333333
20666666667
29
292
19
24
406
3882
178
332
285
483333333333
41666666667
82333333333
252
5176
354
426
274
511666666667
33333333333
40666666667
326
192
158
285
265
281
294
175
167
246
231
243
223
271
255
387
351
372
335
326
428
354
354
752
399
731
216
263
258
303
245
249
305
225
191
261
196
319
238
388
423
209
17
338
359
417
41
359
379
432
378
68
691
684
676
672
655
669
633
434
429
444
384
526
373
708
688
637
604
576
604
684
651
672
634
662
702
554
687
599
604
51
556
518
559
241
345
323
309
307
805
81
803
804
767
837
594
56
266
259
237
23
228
222
273
277
244
297
311
268
377
355
404
399
406
401
524
525
546
475
553
477
537
545
529
493
501
531
471
Un-separated Dairy
Separated Dairy
Poultry
Figure 2 Suggested ranges of organic matter for use in topsoil mix from Rodale - llight shaded area (8 - 20) and USCC - dark shaded area (50 - 60) Diamonds indicate average value and tick marks represent single sample values Bars show range of values

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
Page 26: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
Page 27: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
Page 28: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
Page 29: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
Page 30: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
Page 31: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
Page 32: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Sheet3

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
Page 33: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
OM Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 324 116 238 503
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 581 151 305 748
Ave Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 392 120 240 518
CN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 143 37 101 178
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 133 30 93 174
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 90 45 39 164
TKN Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 128 051 070 230
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 239 062 160 310
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 340 259 100 730
Cu Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 465 347 236 984
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 4243 278 572 7698
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 477 372 316 968
pH Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 762 053 65 83
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 799 036 78 84
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 812 089 68 91
H2OCap Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 1140 320 905 1633
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 1848 59 1088 2305
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 1329 59 910 1702
Density Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
usep 513 597 458 594
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
separated 428 114 377 492
Average Std Dev AVE-min AVE-max
pou 454 181 344 583
Page 34: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Sheet2

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 35: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Sheet3

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 36: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Fat Oils Meat

Highest in Nutrients Physical Contaminants Use Limitations

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 37: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Biosolids Compost

Inerts Chemical Contaminant Bacteria Viruses Drugs Change in feedstock Use Limitations

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 38: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Trade-OffsDecision

Improve pad surface Increased OM Significantly higher nitrogen

Soil pad Lower organic matter Loose more TKN Cause nutrient concentration issue

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 39: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Pathogens

Fecal lt 1000 MPNg or Salmonella sp lt 3 MPN4g(based on seven individual samples per event)

ANDUse one of 5 approved methods to Further ReducePathogensndash Timetemp depending on solids contentndash pHtime then dry to at least 50 solidsndash Testing for enteric virusesviable helminth ovandash Testing for reduction of these analytes

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 40: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Trade-offsDecision

Frequent Turningbull Reduced Organic Matter bull Loose More Nitrogen bull Reach Maturity Fasterbull Pathogen Reductionbull Reduce or Eliminate Johnes

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 41: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Vermi-Composting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 42: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

CornellWaste Management Institute

V Compost Uses

Recycling food and yard waste provides many benefits for soil and plant response Compost supplies small amounts of

nutrients but the organic matter significantly improves soil structure allowing better drainage in heavy clay soils and

improved water retention in light sandy soils

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 43: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Turf Maintenance

Compost Use for Improved Soil

Landscape and Nursery

Improves Highly Compacted Soils

An organic matter resource that has the unique ability to improve the chemical physical and biological

characteristics of soils

What is Compost

Application to 11 Rock Slope2rdquo compost mulch with native seed mix

Austin TX - August

Why Use CompostCompost improves soil and controls erosion bybull Increasing water infiltration in to the soil surfacebull Increasing water holding capacity of soil which reduces runoffbull Reducing soil particle dislodgingbull Increasing plant growth and soil cover bull Buffering soil pH which can increase vegetation establishment and growthbull Alleviates soil compacting by increasing soil structurebull New vegetation can be established directly into compost

Roadkill compost spread Nov 2006 Highland NY DOT

Compost reduces the bulk density of construction damaged soil

Compost socksFilter tubes

Coarse Fine

Before compost addition After compost addition

Cornell Waste Management Institute ndash cwmicsscornelledu

Composts can be top-dressed at a rate of frac14 to frac12rdquo on turf to promote

aggregation of soil particles increase porosity and reduce bulk

density to make a less compact soil Use 1 to 2rdquo with incorporation for

turf establishment

Three years growth without compost Three years growth with compost

Compost adds organic material to build healthy soils where a

diverse group of beneficial organisms thrive and helps suppress disease for better

growth and health of plantings

8 Months LaterIrrigation install never used

Sheet flow protection March 2007

Compost socks reduce sediment fertilizers chemicals metals and other pollutants from reaching surface water by acting as a filter

Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control

Street Tree PlantingUse up to 50 compost in tree planting and most horticultural applications

Find your compost herehttpcompostcsscornelledumapshtml

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 44: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 45: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Use

Topsoil Blends Container MixPotting Soil Nursery Beds Turf Establishment Erosion Control Tree and Shrub Backfill DOT Use Vegetable Crops

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 46: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

CornellWaste Management Institute

1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils

Benefits of Using Compost

Note Immature compost should not be used for germinating seedlings and can affect the health of mature plants

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 47: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Timing of Compost Application

Fall Spring Mid season Maturity

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 48: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

MINISINK SITE

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 49: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

January 2004

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 50: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Grape Production

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 51: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Crop Production

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 52: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Cornell Waste Management Institute

In furrow micro-dosing

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 53: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Healthy Beans

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 54: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Hydro-seed with Road Kill CompostSoil Mix

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 55: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Application to 11 ROCK SLOPE2rdquo compost mulch wnative seed mix

Barton Creek Development ndash Austin TXAUGUST 17 2002

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 56: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

8 MONTHS LATERIRRIGATION INSTALLED NEVER USED

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 57: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

West Cypress Hills on October 05 2004 Before Compost Application

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 58: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 59: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Compost Socks

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 60: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 61: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

3262008 Cornell Waste Management Institute

Filter Tubes Installed for Storm Water Protection

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 62: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Orchards- Food scraps To apples

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 63: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Tree Establishment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 64: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years without amendment

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 65: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Cornell Waste Management Institute

3 years

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 66: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Landscaping Project

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 67: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Cornell Waste Management Institute

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 68: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Cornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Slide Number 37
  • Slide Number 38
  • Slide Number 39
  • Slide Number 40
  • Slide Number 41
  • Slide Number 42
  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
  • Slide Number 45
  • Slide Number 46
  • Slide Number 47
  • Slide Number 48
  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
  • Slide Number 52
  • Slide Number 53
Page 69: The Quality of NYS Agricultural Composts: Implications for ......The Quality of Composts: Implications for Use. Jean Bonhotal. Cornell Waste Management Institute . ... Container Mix/Potting

Jean BonhotalCornell Waste Management Institute

httpcwmicsscornelledu

  • The Quality of Composts Implications for Use
  • Why Compost
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask
  • Questions Compost Buyers Might Ask (conrsquot)
  • Crop Requirements amp Soil Testing
  • Quality Issues
  • Leaf amp Yard Residuals
  • Food Scrap amp Processing Residual
  • Slide Number 14
  • Manure Compost Samples
  • Metal Results
  • Slide Number 17
  • Fat Oils Meat
  • Biosolids Compost
  • Trade-OffsDecision
  • Slide Number 21
  • Trade-offsDecision
  • Slide Number 23
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  • Slide Number 26
  • Compost Use
  • 1 Adds organic material2 Builds healthy soils where a diverse group of beneficial organism thrive3 Helps suppress disease4 Increases moisture holding capacity in soils
  • Timing of Compost Application
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
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  • Slide Number 36
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  • Compost Socks
  • Slide Number 44
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  • Slide Number 49
  • Landscaping Project
  • Slide Number 51
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  • Slide Number 53