The Public Prosecutor Cannot Act Like the Post Office on Behalf of the State Government

8/12/2019 The Public Prosecutor Cannot Act Like the Post Office on Behalf of the State Government

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Reportable

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1587 OF !1"#Ar$%$&' o(t o) S.L.P. #Crl.* 1"87 o) !1*

+a$ra, M(ral$-ar / Appella&t

0er%(%

State o) A&-ra Pra-e% /Re%po&-e&t

J U D G M E N T

Dipak Misra, J.

Leae 'ra&te-.

. I& t$% appeal2 b3 %pe4$al leae2 te a%%a$l $% to te

-e)e&%$b$l$t3 o) te or-er -ate- 8.1.!11 pa%%e- b3 te

H$' Co(rt o) J(-$4at(re o) A&-ra Pra-e% at H3-eraba-

$& Cr$,$&al Pet$t$o& No. 115 o) !1! ereb3 te lear&e-

S$&'le J(-'e a% 4o&4(rre- $t te $e e6pre%%e- b3 te

Pr$&4$pal Spe4$al J(-'e )or SPE a&- AC+ Ca%e%2 C$t3 C$$l

Co(rt2 H3-erba- $& Crl. P No. " o) !! $& C.C. No. " o)


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!!72 ere(&-er te lear&e- tr$al J(-'e a- -e4l$&e- to

'ra&t per,$%%$o& to $t-ra te 4a%e pe&-$&' a'a$&%t te

a44(%e-appella&t $& e6er4$%e o) te poer (&-er Se4t$o&

91 o) te Co-e o) Cr$,$&al Pro4e-(re #)or %ort :te

Co-e;*.

9. Te e6po%e< o) )a4t% are te appella&t a% arra3e- a%

a& a44(%e- )or o))e&4e% p(&$%able (&-er %e4t$o& 7 a&- 19

#1* #-* r= 19 #* o) te Pree&t$o& o) Corr(pt$o& A4t2 188

#)or bre$t3 >te A4t


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$&e%t$'at$&' o))$4er -e,a&-e- a %(, o) R%.@!!!= to be

pa$- )or &ot $,pl$4at$&' $, $& te %a$- $-&app$&' 4a%e

a&- al%o to )$le te 4ar'e%eet a'a$&%t $% %o& b3

re-(4$&' te 'ra$t3 o) te 4ar'e. A% Ra&'a Dar,a

?a(- e6pre%%e- $% $&ab$l$t3 to pa3 te a,o(&t te

$&e%t$'at$&' o))$4er re-(4e- te -e,a&- to R%.5!!!=.

E6pre%%$&' $% (&$ll$&'&e%% to pa32 e approa4e- te

DSP2 AD+2 N$a,aba- Ra&'e2 o a)ter -(e er$)$4at$o&%2

re'$%tere- a 4a%e $& Cr. No. "=AC+=N+=!!@ o& ".5.!!@

(&-er Se4t$o& 7 G 19 #1* #-* r= Se4t$o& 19 #* o) te A4t.

O& te ba%$% o) te re'$%trat$o& o) te FIR te trap a% la$-

a&- ee&t(all3 4ar'e%eet a% pla4e- a'a$&%t te

a44(%e- o))$4er be)ore te 4o,pete&t Co(rt.

". e& te 4a%e 4a,e (p )or ear$&' o& 4ar'e te

p(bl$4 pro%e4(tor )$le- a pet$t$o& o& .!@.!! to

$t-ra te 4a%e a'a$&%t te a44(%e- o))$4er o& te

'ro(&- tat te ?oer&,e&t o) A.P. a- $%%(e- ?.P. M%.

No. @8 o) Ho,e #SC.A* Depart,e&t2 -ate- 9.!5.!!2 to

$t-ra te pro%e4(t$o& a'a$&%t te a44(%e- o))$4er. Te

lear&e- tr$al J(-'e re)erre- to te 4op3 o) te ?.O. M%. No.

@8 tat a% a&&e6e- to te pet$t$o& o) te Spe4$al P(bl$4


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Pro%e4(tor ere$& $t a% ,e&t$o&e- tat o& te -(e

e6a,$&at$o& te ?oer&,e&t a- )o(&- re'ar- be$&' a-

to te 'oo- or o) te a44(%e- $& te a&t$e6tre,$%t )$el-

a&- oter ,er$tor$o(% %er$4e $% 4a%e be pla4e- be)ore

te A-,$&$%trat$e Tr$b(&al )or -$%4$pl$&ar3 pro4ee-$&'%

a)ter $t-raal o) te pro%e4(t$o& pe&-$&' $& te 4o(rt o)

Spe4$al J(-'e. Te lear&e- tr$al J(-'e re)erre- to ar$o(%

a(tor$t$e%2 a-erte- to te role a&- -(t3 o) te p(bl$4

pro%e4(tor a&- te role o) te Co(rt (&-er Se4t$o& 91 o)

te Co-e2 a&- )(rter ta$&' &ote o) te &at(re o) te 4a%e

a&- 'ra&t o) %a&4t$o& b3 te State ?oer&,e&t to

pro%e4(te te 4a%e op$&e- tat te p(bl$4 pro%e4(tor

reall3 a- &ot appl$e- $% $&-epe&-e&t ,$&- e64ept )$l$&'

te pet$t$o& $t 4op3 o) ?.O. M%. $%%(e- b3 State

?oer&,e&t tat tere ere &o %())$4$e&t 'ro(&- or

4$r4(,%ta&4e% )or te Co(rt to a44ept te $t-raal o)

te pro%e4(t$o& 4a%e a'a$&%t te o))$4er a&- tat tere

a% &o (%t$)$4at$o& to allo %(4 a& appl$4at$o& re'ar-

be$&' a- to te o))e&4e% a'a$&%t te a44(%e- per%o&%2

a&- a44or-$&'l32 -$%,$%%e- te pet$t$o&.


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5. A% te per,$%%$o& a% &ot 'ra&te- b3 te lear&e-

tr$al J(-'e te appella&t $&oe- te (r$%-$4t$o& o) te

H$' Co(rt (&-er Se4t$o& "8 o) te Co-e be)ore te H$'

Co(rt a&- te lear&e- S$&'le J(-'e a)ter a-ert$&' to te

)a4t% a&- te rea%o&% a%4r$be- b3 te lear&e- tr$al J(-'e

4a,e to ol- tat te or-er pa%%e- b3 te lear&e- tr$al

J(-'e a% ab%ol(tel3 $,pe44able $&a%,(4 a% te p(bl$4

pro%e4(tor a- a4t(all3 &ot '$e& a&3 al$- rea%o& )or

$t-raal o) te 4a%e a&- )(rter2 te 4a%e2 $& te

obta$&$&' )a4t(al ,atr$62 -$- &ot arra&t $t-raal (&-er

Se4t$o& 91 o) te Co-e.

@. e ae ear- M%. Ma-(r$,a Tat$a2 lear&e-

4o(&%el )or te pet$t$o&er a&- Mr. ATM Ra&'ara,a&(a,2

lear&e- %e&$or 4o(&%el )or te State.

7. Te %e,$&al (e%t$o& tat ar$%e% )or 4o&%$-erat$o& $%

eter $& te obta$&$&' )a4t(al %4ore te Co(rt a%

(%t$)$e- to -e4l$&e per,$%%$o& (&-er Se4t$o& 91 o) te

Co-e )or $t-raal o) te 4a%e. To appre4$ate te

4o&troer%3 $& proper per%pe4t$e2 $t $% 4o&-$'& to re)er

te ?oer&,e&t or-er ereb3 a -e4$%$o& a% bee& tae&


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to $t-ra te 4a%e. Te relea&t part o) $t rea-% a%

)ollo%

:. I& te re)ere&4e t$r- rea- aboe. Sr$.+a$ra, M(ral$-ar2 S(bI&%pe4tor o) Pol$4e2 a%%(b,$tte- a repre%e&tat$o& ere$& e a%%tate- tat a trap a% la$- o& $, o& 5.5.!!@b3 te Dep(t3 S(per$&te&-e&t o) Pol$4e2 A&t$Corr(pt$o& +(rea(2 N$a,aba- Ra&'e2N$a,aba-2 alo&' $t $% %ta)) o& a )al%e a&-)r$olo(% 4o,pla$&t lo-'e- b3 te 4o,pla$&a&tb3 &a,e Sr$. Ra&'a Dar,a ?o(- o)

Ba,are--32 N$a,aba- D$%tr$4t. A4t(all32 a4a%e $& Cr No. 1=!!@ (=S.9@@ #A* I&-$a& Pe&alCo-e a% re'$%tere- $& To& Pol$4e Stat$o& o)Ba,are--3 o& !1.!.!!@ a'a$&%t Nare%?o(-2 %o& te o) 4o,pla$&a&t. A 4ar'e %eeta% al%o )$le- b3 $, $& te Co(rt o) J(-$4$alF$r%t Cla%% Ma'$%trate2 Ba,are--32 a'a$&%tNare% ?o(- o& !.!9.!!@ $t%el)2 a&- te %a,ea% &(,bere- $-e PRC No. 7=!!@. T(%2

tere a% &o o))$4$al )ao(r tat a% to be -o&eto te 4o,pla$&a&t or $% %o& $& t$% 4a%e a%alle'e-. Te 4o,pla$&a&t $,%el) per%(a-e-$, to a44ept te br$be. e& e re)(%e- toa44ept2 te 4o,pla$&a&t )or4$bl3 tr(%te- %o,e4(rre&43 &ote% $&to $% le)t %$-e %$rt po4et.e& e re%$%te- te %a$- a4t% o) te4o,pla$&a&t )or te (&pre4e-e&te- a4t2 teA&t$Corr(pt$o& +(rea(2 o))$4$al% r(%e- to te

%pot a&- 4o&-(4te- trap pro4ee-$&'% o& $,$to(t ee-$&' to $% re(e%t%. He )(rter$&)or,e- tat e $% -$%4ar'$&' $% le'$t$,ate-(t$e% a&- $% 4a%e a% 4o&%$-ere- )orA44elerate- Pro,ot$o& )ro, S(bI&%pe4tor o)Pol$4e )or $% 4o&tr$b(t$o& $& te a&t$ e6tre,$%tor. H$% %er$4e% ere re4o'&$e- b3 a3 o)aar-$&' Pol$4e Bat$&a Sea Pataa, $& !!5a&- $% &a,e a% al%o re4o,,e&-e- )or

Pre%t$'$o(% I&-$a& Pol$4e Me-al )or ?alla&tr3 )orte 3ear !!9. He&4e2 eep$&' $& $e $%


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pre$o(% re4or-2 e re(e%te- te ?oer&,e&tto 4o&%$-er $% re(e%t )or $t-raal o)pro%e4(t$o& a&- al%o to re$&%tate $&to %er$4e.

9. I& te re)ere&4e )o(rt rea- aboe2 teD$re4tor ?e&eral2 A&t$Corr(pt$o& +(rea(2A&-ra Pra-e%2 H3-eraba-2 $le reb(tt$&' te4o&te&t$o&% o) te A44(%e- O))$4er a% %tate-tat tere are &o ,er$t% $& te appl$4at$o& )$le-b3 te appl$4a&t a&- $t $% &ot ,a$&ta$&able a&-a% %(4 re(e%te- te ?oer&,e&t to -$%,$%%te appl$4at$o& )$le- b3 te A44(%e- O))$4er Sr$.+. M(ral$-ar2 S(bI&%pe4tor o) Pol$4e.

". ?oer&,e&t ae e6a,$&e- te ,atter $&-eta$l2 eep$&' $& $e o) $% 'oo- or $& tea&t$e6tre,$%t )$el- a&- oter ,er$tor$o(%%er$4e a&- or-er tat te 4a%e o) Sr$. +a$ra,M(ral$-ar2 S(bI&%pe4tor o) Pol$4e2 Ba,are--3

To& Pol$4e Stat$o&2 N$a,aba-2 be pla4e-be)ore te Tr$b(&al )or D$%4$pl$&ar3 Pro4ee-$&'%2-(l3 $t-ra$&' te pro%e4(t$o& $& C.C. No."=!!7....;

8. Te appl$4at$o& )or $t-raal tat a% )$le- b3 te

lear&e- P(bl$4 Pro%e4(tor -e%ere% to be re)erre- to. A)ter

&arrat$&' te )a4t(al ,atr$6 abo(t te 4a%e2 $le %ee$&'

$t-raal te )ollo$&' 'ro(&-% ere p(t )ort

:It $% )(rter %(b,$tte- tat a% te ,atter %too-t(%2 te ?oer&,e&t a% re$eete 4a%ea&- -e4$-e- to ,o-$)3 te or-er% $%%(e- $& ?.O.M%. No.!@2 Ho,e #SCA* Depart,e&t2 -t.1!.!1.!!7 a&- pla4e- te re%po&-e&t=a44(%e-o))$4er o& $% -e)e&%e be)ore Tr$b(&al )or-$%4$pl$&ar3 pro4ee-$&'% a&- $%%(e- ?.O. M%. No.@82 o,e #SCA* Depart,e&t2 -ate-9.5.!!2 te %a$- ?.O. $% )$le- alo&' $t te

pet$t$o& )or 4o&%$-erat$o&.


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I re%pe4t)(ll3 %(b,$t tat o& per(%al o) te?oer&,e&t or-er a&- te ,ater$al e$-e&4e%aa$lable o& re4or- a&- o& appl$4at$o& o) te,$&- $&-epe&-e&tl3 a&- )or te rea%o&%

a44or-e- b3 te ?oer&,e&t I a, %at$%)$e- tatte 4a%e $% )$t )or $t-raal )ro, pro%e4(t$o& $&a44or-a&4e $t te %ettle- pr$&4$ple% o) la a%la$- -o& b3 te Ho&o(rable S(pre,e Co(rt o)I&-$a.

Tere)ore2 (&-er te aboe %a$- 4$r4(,%ta&4e%$t $% pra3e- tat t$% Ho&o(rable Co(rt ,a3 beplea%e- to per,$t ,e to $t-ra te 4a%e o)te pro%e4(t$o& a'a$&%t te re%po&-e&t=a44(%e-

o))$4er Sr$. +a$ra, M(rl$-ar a&- te %a,e ,a3be treate- a% $t-ra& a&- tere%po&-e&t=a44(%e- o))$4er ,a3 be -$%4ar'e-$& te $&tere%t o) (%t$4e a&- e($t3.;

. Te lear&e- 4o(&%el )or te pet$t$o&er %(b,$tte- tat

$& a %$,$lar 4a%e $& Name Dasarath v. State of Andhra

Pradesh in Criminal Appeal No. 299 of 2014 decided

on 30thJanar! 20142 t$% Co(rt a% a)ter repro-(4$&'

para'rap% @2 7! a&- 71 o) te Co&%t$t(t$o& +e&4

-e4$%$o& $& Sheo Nandan Pas"an v. State of #ihar

and others1a% (a%e- te pro%e4(t$o& a&- re,a&-e-

te ,atter. Te operat$e part o) te %a$- or-er rea-% a%

)ollo%

:e a44or-$&'l3 allo te appeal2 %et a%$-e teor-er o) te Tr$al Co(rt a&- te $,p('&e- or-er

o) te H$' Co(rt a&- re,a&- te ,atter to te

1AIR 187 SC 877


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Tr$al Co(rt )or )re% 4o&%$-erat$o& o) te pet$t$o&)or $t-raal o) pro%e4(t$o& a'a$&%t teappella&t (&-er Se4t$o& 91 Cr.P.C. $& te l$'to) te (-',e&t% o) t$% Co(rt a&- $& part$4(lar

te ,aor$t3 (-',e&t% o) te Co&%t$t(t$o&+e&4 o) t$% Co(rt $& Sheo Nandan Pas"anv. State of #ihar and others (ote- aboe.;

1!. I& te %a$- 4a%e2 a% e &ot$4e2 a& appl$4at$o& a%

pre)erre- )or $t-raal o) te 4a%e ere 4ar'e%eet

a- alrea-3 bee& )$le- (&-er Se4t$o& 19 #* r= Se4t$o&

19#1*#e* o) te A4t a&- te Pr$&4$pal Spe4$al J(-'e )or SPE

G AC+ a- -e4l$&e- to 'ra&t te pra3er a&- te H$' Co(rt

a- re)(%e- to e&terta$& te 4r$,$&al re$%$o&. T$% Co(rt

ob%ere- tat te tr$al Co(rt a% ell a% te H$' Co(rt a%

&ot 4orre4tl3 appre4$ate- te la la$- -o& $& Sheo

Nandan Pas"an$s case a&- a44or-$&'l3 pa%%e- te

or-er $4 e ae repro-(4e- ere$&be)ore.

11. e ae alrea-3 re)erre- to te )a4t% o) te 4a%e2

repro-(4e- te ?oer&,e&t or-er a&- te appl$4at$o&

)$le- b3 te p(bl$4 pro%e4(tor. +e)ore e e6pre%% o(r

op$&$o& $t re'ar- to le'al %(%ta$&ab$l$t3 o) te or-er

pa%%e- b3 te lear&e- tr$al J(-'e2 e t$& $t appo%$te to

re)er to 4erta$& a(tor$t$e% perta$&$&' to te role o) te

P(bl$4 Pro%e4(tor a&- te -(t3 o) te Co(rt a% e&$%a'e-

(&-er %e4t$o& 91 o) te Co-e. Te Co&%t$t(t$o& +e&4 $&


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Sheo Nandan Pas"an$s 4a%ere)erre- to Se4t$o& 999 o)

te ol- Co-e a&- ta$&' &ote o) te la&'(a'e e,plo3e-

(&-er Se4t$o& 91 o) te pre%e&t Co-e op$&e- t(%

:@. A ar,o&$o(% $e %o(l-2 $& ,3 $e2prea$l $& te rea-$&' o) te to %e4t$o&%.Se4t$o& 999 -oe% &ot '$e a&3 -$%4ret$o& or4o$4e to te H$' Co(rt e& a ,ot$o& $% ,a-e(&-er $t. S(4 be$&' te 4a%e2 Se4t$o& 91 ,(%tal%o be 4o&%tr(e- a% 4o&)err$&' poer% $t$&4$r4(,%4r$be- l$,$t% to te 4o(rt to re)(%e to

'ra&t per,$%%$o& to te P(bl$4 Pro%e4(tor to$t-ra te pro%e4(t$o&. I) %(4 a ar,o&$o(%$e $% &ot tae& $t o(l- te& lea- to tea&o,alo(% po%$t$o& tat $le (&-er Se4t$o&9992 a H$' Co(rt a% to 3$el- elple%%l3 to terepre%e&tat$o& o) te A-o4ate?e&eral a&- %topte pro4ee-$&'% a&- -$%4ar'e or a4($t tea44(%e-2 te %(bor-$&ate 4o(rt% e& ,oe-(&-er Se4t$o& 91 CrPC o(l- ae a poer to

re)(%e to '$e 4o&%e&t )or $t-raal o) tepro%e4(t$o& $) $t $% o) op$&$o& tat te 4a%e -$-&ot %())er )ro, pa(4$t3 o) e$-e&4e. Tele'$%lat(re o(l- &ot ae $&te&-e- to 4o&)er'reater poer% o& te %(bor-$&ate 4o(rt% ta&o& te H$' Co(rt $& te e6er4$%e o) poer%(&-er Se4t$o& "" o) te ol- Co-e a&- Se4t$o&999 re%pe4t$el3. It o(l-2 tere)ore2 be (%t a&-rea%o&able to ol- tat $le 4o&)err$&' poer%

(po& te %(bor-$&ate 4o(rt% (&-er Se4t$o& ""to '$e 4o&%e&t to a P(bl$4 Pro%e4(tor$t-ra$&' te pro%e4(t$o&2 te le'$%lat(re a-o&l3 $&te&-e- tat te 4o(rt% %o(l- per)or, a%(per$%or3 )(&4t$o& a&- &ot a& a-(-$4ator3)(&4t$o& $& te le'al %e&%e o) te ter,.

Se4t$o& 91 rea-% a% )ollo%

:91. $t-raal )ro, pro%e4(t$o&.K TeP(bl$4 Pro%e4(tor or A%%$%ta&t P(bl$4Pro%e4(tor $& 4ar'e o) a 4a%e ,a32 $t


11/26Page 11

te 4o&%e&t o) te 4o(rt at a&3 t$,e be)orete (-',e&t $% pro&o(&4e-2 $t-ra )ro,te pro%e4(t$o& o) a&3 per%o& e$ter'e&erall3 or $& re%pe4t o) a&3 o&e or ,ore

o) te o))e&4e% )or $4 e $% tr$e- a&-2(po& %(4 $t-raal2K

#a* $) $t $% ,a-e be)ore a 4ar'e a% bee&)ra,e-2 te a44(%e- %all be -$%4ar'e- $&re%pe4t o) %(4 o))e&4e or o))e&4e%

#b* $) $t $% ,a-e a)ter a 4ar'e a% bee&)ra,e-2 or e& (&-er t$% Co-e &o 4ar'e$% re($re-2 e %all be a4($tte- $& re%pe4t

o) %(4 o))e&4e or o))e&4e%. #Pro$%oo,$tte-*;

T$% %e4t$o& e&able% te P(bl$4 Pro%e4(tor2 $&4ar'e o) te 4a%e to $t-ra )ro, tepro%e4(t$o& o) a&3 per%o& at a&3 t$,e be)ore te

(-',e&t $% pro&o(&4e-2 b(t t$% appl$4at$o& )or$t-raal a% to 'et te 4o&%e&t o) te 4o(rta&- $) te 4o(rt '$e% 4o&%e&t )or %(4

$t-raal te a44(%e- $ll be -$%4ar'e- $) &o4ar'e a% bee& )ra,e- or a4($tte- $) 4ar'ea% bee& )ra,e- or ere &o %(4 4ar'e $%re($re- to be )ra,e-. It 4lote% te P(bl$4Pro%e4(tor to $t-ra )ro, te pro%e4(t$o& o)a&3 per%o&2 a44(%e- o) a& o))e&4e bot e& &oe$-e&4e $% tae& or ee& $) e&t$re e$-e&4e a%bee& tae&. Te o(ter l$,$t )or te e6er4$%e o)t$% poer $% :at a&3 t$,e be)ore te (-',e&t $%

pro&o(&4e-;.

7!. Te %e4t$o& '$e% &o $&-$4at$o& a% to te'ro(&-% o& $4 te P(bl$4 Pro%e4(tor ,a3,ae te appl$4at$o&2 or te 4o&%$-erat$o&% o&$4 te 4o(rt $% to 'ra&t $t% 4o&%e&t. Te$&$t$at$e $% tat o) te P(bl$4 Pro%e4(tor a&-at te 4o(rt a% to -o $% o&l3 to '$e $t%4o&%e&t a&- &ot to -eter,$&e a&3 ,atter

(-$4$all3. Te (-$4$al )(&4t$o& $,pl$4$t $& te

e6er4$%e o) te (-$4$al -$%4ret$o& )or 'ra&t$&' te4o&%e&t o(l- &or,all3 ,ea& tat te 4o(rt a%


12/26Page 12

to %at$%)3 $t%el) tat te e6e4(t$e )(&4t$o& o) teP(bl$4 Pro%e4(tor a% &ot bee& $,properl3e6er4$%e-2 or tat $t $% &ot a& atte,pt to $&ter)ere$t te &or,al 4o(r%e o) (%t$4e )or $lle'$t$,ate

rea%o&% or p(rpo%e%.

71. Te 4o(rt


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:All te aboe -e4$%$o&% ae )olloe- terea%o&$&' o) Ra, Nare% Pa&-e3


14/26Page 14

pro%e4(t$o& be)ore e %ee% te 4o&%e&t o) te4o(rt )or tat p(rpo%e.

8. It appear% tat $& te%e ,atter%2 te p(bl$4

pro%e4(tor -$- &ot )(ll3 appre4$ate tere($re,e&t% o) Se4t$o& 91 CrPC a&- ,a-e teappl$4at$o&% )or $t-raal )ro, pro%e4(t$o&o&l3 o& te ba%$% o) te re4o,,e&-at$o&% o) teRe$e Co,,$ttee. It a% &e4e%%ar3 )or tep(bl$4 pro%e4(tor to %at$%)3 $,%el) $& ea4 4a%etat te 4a%e $% )$t )or $t-raal )ro,pro%e4(t$o& $& a44or-a&4e $t te %ettle-pr$&4$ple% $&-$4ate- $& te -e4$%$o&% o) t$%Co(rt a&- te& to %at$%)3 te De%$'&ate- Co(rto) te e6$%te&4e o) a 'ro(&- $4 per,$t%$t-raal )ro, pro%e4(t$o& (&-er Se4t$o& 91CrPC.;

1". A treeJ(-'e +e&4 $& A(dl +arim etc. etc. v.

State of +arnataa and others etc. re)erre- to te

Co&%t$t(t$o& +e&4 (-',e&t $& Sheonandan Pas"an

casea&- +ar(4a2 J #a% $% Lor-%$p te& a%* %pea$&'

)or $,%el) a&- D.P. Moapatra2 J. ob%ere- t(%

:1. Te la2 tere)ore2 $% tat to(' te?oer&,e&t ,a3 ae or-ere-2 -$re4te- ora%e- a P(bl$4 Pro%e4(tor to $t-ra )ro, a

pro%e4(t$o&2 $t $% )or te P(bl$4 Pro%e4(tor toappl3 $% ,$&- to all te relea&t ,ater$al a&-2$& 'oo- )a$t2 to be %at$%)$e- tereo& tat tep(bl$4 $&tere%t $ll be %ere- b3 $% $t-raal)ro, te pro%e4(t$o&. I& t(r&2 te 4o(rt a% tobe %at$%)$e-2 a)ter 4o&%$-er$&' all tat ,ater$al2tat te P(bl$4 Pro%e4(tor a% appl$e- $% ,$&-$&-epe&-e&tl3 tereto2 tat te P(bl$4Pro%e4(tor2 a4t$&' $& 'oo- )a$t2 $% o) te op$&$o&

tat $% $t-raal )ro, te pro%e4(t$o& $% $&

8AIR !!1 SC 11@


15/26Page 15

te p(bl$4 $&tere%t2 a&- tat %(4 $t-raal$ll &ot %t$)le or tart te pro4e%% o) la or4a(%e ,a&$)e%t $&(%t$4e.

!. It ,(%t )ollo tat te appl$4at$o& (&-erSe4t$o& 91 ,(%t aer tat te P(bl$4Pro%e4(tor $%2 $& 'oo- )a$t2 %at$%)$e-2 o&4o&%$-erat$o& o) all relea&t ,ater$al2 tat $%$t-raal )ro, te pro%e4(t$o& $% $& te p(bl$4$&tere%t a&- $t $ll &ot %t$)le or tart tepro4e%% o) la or 4a(%e $&(%t$4e. Te ,ater$altat te P(bl$4 Pro%e4(tor a% 4o&%$-ere- ,(%tbe %et o(t2 br$e)l3 b(t 4o&4$%el32 $& teappl$4at$o& or $& a& a))$-a$t a&&e6e- to teappl$4at$o& or2 $& a '$e& 4a%e2 pla4e- be)orete 4o(rt2 $t $t% per,$%%$o&2 $& a %eale-e&elope. Te 4o(rt a% to '$e a& $&)or,e-4o&%e&t. It ,(%t be %at$%)$e- tat t$% ,ater$al4a& rea%o&abl3 lea- to te 4o&4l(%$o& tat te$t-raal o) te P(bl$4 Pro%e4(tor )ro, tepro%e4(t$o& $ll %ere te p(bl$4 $&tere%t b(t $t$% &ot )or te 4o(rt to e$' te ,ater$al. Te4o(rt ,(%t be %at$%)$e- tat te P(bl$4

Pro%e4(tor a% 4o&%$-ere- te ,ater$al a&-2 $&'oo- )a$t2 rea4e- te 4o&4l(%$o& tat $%$t-raal )ro, te pro%e4(t$o& $ll %ere tep(bl$4 $&tere%t. Te 4o(rt ,(%t al%o 4o&%$-ereter te 'ra&t o) 4o&%e&t ,a3 tart or%t$)le te 4o(r%e o) la or re%(lt $& ,a&$)e%t$&(%t$4e. I)2 (po& %(4 4o&%$-erat$o&2 te 4o(rta44or-% 4o&%e&t2 $t ,(%t ,ae %(4 or-er o&te appl$4at$o& a% $ll $&-$4ate to a $'er 4o(rt

tat $t a% -o&e all tat te la re($re% $t to -obe)ore 'ra&t$&' 4o&%e&t.;

E,pa%$% %(ppl$e-

15. .B. Sabaral2 J #a% $% Lor-%$p te& a%* $& $%

4o&4(rr$&' op$&$o& elaborat$&' )(rter o& )(&-a,e&tal


16/26Page 16

para,eter% $4 are to be te la%er bea, )or e6er4$%e o)

poer (&-er Se4t$o& 91 o) te Co-e op$&e- tat

:". Te %at$%)a4t$o& )or ,o$&' a& appl$4at$o&(&-er Se4t$o& 91 CrPC a% to be o) te P(bl$4Pro%e4(tor $4 $& te &at(re o) te 4a%e $&a&- a% to be ba%e- o& te ,ater$al pro$-e-b3 te State. Te &at(re o) te poer to bee6er4$%e- b3 te Co(rt $le -e4$-$&'appl$4at$o& (&-er Se4t$o& 91 $% -el$&eate- b3te -e4$%$o& o) t$% Co(rt $& Sheonandan

Paswan v. State of Bihar. T$% -e4$%$o& ol-%tat 'ra&t o) 4o&%e&t b3 te 4o(rt $% &ot a,atter o) 4o(r%e a&- e& %(4 a& appl$4at$o&$% )$le- b3 te P(bl$4 Pro%e4(tor a)ter ta$&'$&to 4o&%$-erat$o& te ,ater$al be)ore $,2 te4o(rt e6er4$%e% $t% (-$4$al -$%4ret$o& b34o&%$-er$&' %(4 ,ater$al a&- o& %(44o&%$-erat$o& e$ter '$e% 4o&%e&t or -e4l$&e%4o&%e&t. It al%o la3% -o& tat te 4o(rt a% to

%ee tat te appl$4at$o& $% ,a-e $& 'oo- )a$t2$& te $&tere%t o) p(bl$4 pol$43 a&- (%t$4e a&-&ot to tart or %t$)le te pro4e%% o) la or%())er% )ro, %(4 $,propr$et$e% or $lle'al$t$e% a%to 4a(%e ,a&$)e%t $&(%t$4e $) 4o&%e&t $% '$e&.

"9. Tr(e2 te poer o) te 4o(rt (&-er Se4t$o&91 $% %(per$%or3 b(t tat -oe% &ot ,ea& tat$le e6er4$%$&' tat poer2 te 4o&%e&t a% tobe 'ra&te- o& ,ere a%$&'. Te 4o(rt a% to

e6a,$&e tat all relea&t a%pe4t% ae bee&tae& $&to 4o&%$-erat$o& b3 te P(bl$4Pro%e4(tor a&-=or b3 te ?oer&,e&t $&e6er4$%e o) $t% e6e4(t$e )(&4t$o&.;

U&-erl$&$&' $% o(r%

1@. I& )ahl A'ar"al v. )aesh Jain and another9

te Co(rt a% -eal$&' $t at %o(l- be te la)(l

#!!5* SCC 977


17/26Page 17

4o&%$-erat$o& $le -eal$&' $t a& appl$4at$o& )or

$t-raal (&-er Se4t$o& 91 o) te Co-e. Te Co(rt

re)erre- to te -e4$%$o&% $& )am Naresh Pande! #%(pra*2

State of 5rissa v. Chandria ohapatra102 #al"ant

Sin'h v. State of #ihar #%(pra* a&- te a(tor$t3 $&

A(dl +arim #%(pra*ere$& te earl$er -e4$%$o& o) te

Co&%t$t(t$o& +e&4 $& Sheonandan Pas"an a%

appre4$ate- a&- a)ter repro-(4$&' )e pa%%a'e% )ro,

A(dl +arim #%(pra*r(le- tat

:1!. Fro, te%e -e4$%$o&% a% ell a% oter-e4$%$o&% o& te %a,e (e%t$o&2 te la $% er34lear tat te $t-raal o) pro%e4(t$o& 4a& bealloe- o&l3 $& te $&tere%t o) (%t$4e. Ee& $)

te ?oer&,e&t -$re4t% te P(bl$4 Pro%e4(tor to$t-ra te pro%e4(t$o& a&- a& appl$4at$o& $%)$le- to tat e))e4t2 te 4o(rt ,(%t 4o&%$-er allrelea&t 4$r4(,%ta&4e% a&- )$&- o(t eterte $t-raal o) pro%e4(t$o& o(l- a-a&4ete 4a(%e o) (%t$4e. I) te 4a%e $% l$el3 to e&-$& a& a4($ttal a&- te 4o&t$&(a&4e o) te 4a%e$% o&l3 4a(%$&' %eere ara%%,e&t to tea44(%e-2 te 4o(rt ,a3 per,$t $t-raal o)

te pro%e4(t$o&. I) te $t-raal o) pro%e4(t$o&$% l$el3 to b(r3 te -$%p(te a&- br$&' abo(tar,o&3 betee& te part$e% a&- $t o(l- be $&te be%t $&tere%t o) (%t$4e2 te 4o(rt ,a3 allote $t-raal o) pro%e4(t$o&. Te -$%4ret$o&(&-er Se4t$o& 912 Co-e o) Cr$,$&al Pro4e-(re$% to be 4are)(ll3 e6er4$%e- b3 te 4o(rt a$&'-(e re'ar- to all te relea&t )a4t% a&- %all &otbe e6er4$%e- to %t$)le te pro%e4(t$o& $4 $%

be$&' -o&e at te $&%ta&4e o) te a''r$ee-

1!#17@* " SCC 5!


18/26Page 18

part$e% or te State )or re-re%%$&' te$r'r$ea&4e. Eer3 4r$,e $% a& o))e&4e a'a$&%t te%o4$et3 a&- $) te a44(%e- 4o,,$tte- a&o))e&4e2 %o4$et3 -e,a&-% tat e %o(l- be

p(&$%e-. P(&$%$&' te per%o& operpetrate- te 4r$,e $% a& e%%e&t$alre($re,e&t )or te ,a$&te&a&4e o) la a&-or-er a&- pea4e $& te %o4$et3. Tere)ore2 te$t-raal o) te pro%e4(t$o& %all beper,$tte- o&l3 e& al$- rea%o&% are ,a-eo(t )or te %a,e.;

#E,pa%$% a--e-

17. Te obta$&$&' )a4t %$t(at$o& a% to be te%te- o& te

a&$l o) a)ore%a$- e&(&4$at$o& o) la. A% $% -e,o&%trable2

te State ?oer&,e&t $-e ?.O. M%. No. @8 -ate- 9 r-

Ma32 !! e&(,erate- 4erta$& a%pe4t% $4 are

repro-(4e- ere$&be)ore. Te repro-(4t$o& part re($re%

%l$'t 4lar$)$4at$o&. I& te or-er pa%%e- b3 te State

?oer&,e&t2 te t$r- re)ere&4e re)er% to te

repre%e&tat$o& o) Sr$ +. M(ral$-ar2 S(bI&%pe4tor o)

Pol$4e2 Ba,are--3 To& P.S. -ate- 5.8.!!7 a&- te

)o(rt re)ere&4e re)er% to te 4o,,(&$4at$o& )ro, te

D$re4tor ?e&eral2 A&t$ Corr(pt$o& +(rea(2 A&-ra Pra-e%2

H3-eraba- -ate- 1.1!.!!7. Terea)ter2 te State

?oer&,e&t a% '$e& $t% op$&$o& 3 te 4a%e re($re-

to be $t-ra&. Te lear&e- p(bl$4 pro%e4(tor $& $%

appl$4at$o& )or $t-raal o) te pro%e4(t$o& a% re)erre-


19/26Page 19

to te ?oer&,e&t or-er a&- %o('t per,$%%$o& o) te

Co(rt. at te p(bl$4 pro%e4(tor a% %tate- $% tat e

a% per(%e- te ?oer&,e&t or-er2 te ,ater$al

e$-e&4e% aa$lable o& re4or- a&- a% appl$e- $% ,$&-

$&-epe&-e&tl3 a&- %at$%)$e- tat $t a% a )$t 4a%e )or

$t-raal.

18. Te 4e&tral (e%t$o& $% eter te p(bl$4 pro%e4(tor

a% reall3 appl$e- $% ,$&- to all te relea&t ,ater$al% o&

re4or- a&- %at$%)$e- $,%el) tat te $t-raal )ro, te

pro%e4(t$o& o(l- %(b%ere te 4a(%e o) p(bl$4 $&tere%t or

&ot. +e $t %tate-2 $t $% te obl$'at$o& o) te p(bl$4

pro%e4(tor to %tate at ,ater$al e a% 4o&%$-ere-. It

a% to be %et o(t $& br$e). Te Co(rt a% a% bee& el- $&

A(dl +arim$s 4a%e2 $% re($re- to '$e a& $&)or,e-

4o&%e&t. It $% obl$'ator3 o& te part o) te Co(rt to %at$%)3

$t%el) tat )ro, te ,ater$al $t 4a& rea%o&abl3 be el- tat

te $t-raal o) te pro%e4(t$o& o(l- %ere te p(bl$4

$&tere%t. It $% &ot $t$& te -o,a$& o) te Co(rt to e$'

te ,ater$al. Hoeer2 $t $% &e4e%%ar3 o& te part o) te

Co(rt to %ee eter te 'ra&t o) 4o&%e&t o(l- tart or

%t$)le te 4o(r%e o) la or 4a(%e ,a&$)e%t $&(%t$4e. A


20/26Page 20

Co(rt $le '$$&' 4o&%e&t (&-er Se4t$o& 91 o) te Co-e

$% re($re- to e6er4$%e $t% (-$4$al -$%4ret$o&2 a&- (-$4$al

-$%4ret$o&2 a% %ettle- $& la2 $% &ot to be e6er4$%e- $& a

,e4a&$4al ,a&&er. Te Co(rt 4a&&ot '$e %(4 4o&%e&t

o& a ,ere a%$&'. It $% e6pe4te- o) te Co(rt to 4o&%$-er

te ,ater$al o& re4or- to %ee tat te appl$4at$o& a-

bee& )$le- $& 'oo- )a$t a&- $t $% $& te $&tere%t o) p(bl$4

$&tere%t a&- (%t$4e. A&oter a%pe4t te Co(rt $% obl$'e-

to %ee eter %(4 $t-raal o(l- a-a&4e te 4a(%e

o) (%t$4e. It re($re% e6er4$%e o) 4are)(l a&- 4o&4er&e-

-$%4ret$o& be4a(%e 4erta$& 4r$,e% are a'a$&%t te State

a&- te %o4$et3 a% a 4olle4t$e -e,a&-% (%t$4e to be

-o&e. Tat ,a$&ta$&% te la a&- or-er %$t(at$o& $& te

%o4$et3. Te p(bl$4 pro%e4(tor 4a&&ot a4t l$e te po%t

o))$4e o& beal) o) te State ?oer&,e&t. He $% re($re-

to a4t $& 'oo- )a$t2 per(%e te ,ater$al% o& re4or- a&-

)or, a& $&-epe&-e&t op$&$o& tat te $t-raal o) te

4a%e o(l- reall3 %(b%ere te p(bl$4 $&tere%t at lar'e. A&

or-er o) te ?oer&,e&t o& te p(bl$4 pro%e4(tor $& t$%

re'ar- $% &ot b$&-$&'. He 4a&&ot re,a$& obl$$o(% to $%

la)(l obl$'at$o&% (&-er te Co-e. He $% re($re- to

4o&%ta&tl3 re,e,ber $% -(t3 to te Co(rt a% ell a% $%


21/26Page 21

-(t3 to te 4olle4t$e. I& te 4a%e at a&-2 a% te

appl$4at$o& )$le- b3 te p(bl$4 pro%e4(tor o(l- %o tat

e a- ,e4a&$4all3 %tate- abo(t te 4o&-$t$o&%

pre4e-e&t. It 4a&&ot be 4o&%tr(e- tat e a% reall3

per(%e- te ,ater$al% a&- appl$e- $% $&-epe&-e&t ,$&-

%olel3 be4a(%e e a% %o %tate-. Te appl$4at$o& ,(%t

$&-$4ate per(%al o) te ,ater$al% b3 %tat$&' at are te

,ater$al% e a% per(%e-2 ,a3 be $& br$e)2 a&- eter

%(4 $t-raal o) te pro%e4(t$o& o(l- %ere p(bl$4

$&tere%t a&- o e a% )or,e- $% $&-epe&-e&t op$&$o&.

A% e per4e$e2 te lear&e- p(bl$4 pro%e4(tor a% bee&

totall3 '($-e- b3 te or-er o) te ?oer&,e&t a&- reall3

&ot appl$e- $% ,$&- to te )a4t% o) te 4a%e. Te lear&e-

tr$al J(-'e a% ell a% te H$' Co(rt a% ob%ere- tat $t $%

a 4a%e (&-er te Pree&t$o& o) Corr(pt$o& A4t. Te3 ae

tae& &ote o) te )a4t tat te State ?oer&,e&t a-

alrea-3 'ra&te- %a&4t$o&. It $% al%o &ot$4eable tat te

A&t$ Corr(pt$o& +(rea( a% )o(&- tere a% &o

(%t$)$4at$o& o) $t-raal o) te pro%e4(t$o&.

1. A 4a%e (&-er te Pree&t$o& o) Corr(pt$o& A4t a% $t%

o& 'ra$t3. I& Niran*an 6emchandra Sashittal and


22/26Page 22

another v. State of aharashtra11 $le -e4l$&$&' to

(a% te pro4ee-$&' (&-er te A4t o& te 'ro(&- o)

-ela3e- tr$al2 te Co(rt ob%ere- t(%

:I& te 4a%e at a&-2 te appella&t a% bee&4ar'e%eete- (&-er te Pree&t$o& o)Corr(pt$o& A4t2 188 )or -$%proport$o&atea%%et%. Te %a$- A4t a% a p(rpo%e to %ere.Parl$a,e&t $&te&-e- to era-$4ate 4orr(pt$o& a&-pro$-e -eterre&t p(&$%,e&t e& 4r$,$&al4(lpab$l$t3 $% proe&. Te $&te&-,e&t o) te

le'$%lat(re a% a& $,,e&%e %o4$al relea&4e. I&te pre%e&t -a3 %4e&ar$o2 4orr(pt$o& a% bee&treate- to ae te pote&t$al$t3 o) 4orro-$&' te,arro% o) te e4o&o,3. Tere are 4a%e%ere te a,o(&t $% %,all a&- $& 4erta$& 4a%e%2$t $% e6tre,el3 $'. Te 'ra$t3 o) te o))e&4e$& %(4 a 4a%e2 $& o(r 4o&%$-ere- op$&$o&2 $% &otto be a-(-'e- o& te be-ro4 o) te (a&t(,o) br$be. A& att$t(-e to ab(%e te o))$4$al

po%$t$o& to e6te&- )ao(r $& l$e( o) be&e)$t $% a4r$,e a'a$&%t te 4olle4t$e a&- a& a&ate,a tote ba%$4 te&et% o) -e,o4ra432 )or $t ero-e% te)a$t o) te people $& te %3%te,. It 4reate% a&$&4(rable 4o&4a$t3 $& te R(le o) La. +e $t&ote-2 %3%te, o) 'oo- 'oer&a&4e $% )o(&-e-o& 4olle4t$e )a$t $& te $&%t$t(t$o&%. I)4orro%$o&% are alloe- to 4o&t$&(e b3 '$$&'alloa&4e to (a% te pro4ee-$&'% $&

4orr(pt$o& 4a%e% %olel3 be4a(%e o) -ela3$to(t %4r(t$&$%$&' oter relea&t )a4tor%2 at$,e ,a3 4o,e e& te (&%4r(p(lo(% peopleo(l- )o%ter a&- 'ar&er te te&-e&43 to paete pat o) a&ar4$%,.;

!. Re4e&tl32 $& Dr. S(ramanian S"am! v.

Director& Central #rea of 7nvesti'ation 8 Anr.12&

11#!19* " SCC @"

1r$t Pet$t$o& #C$$l* No. 98 o) 17 et4. pro&o(&4e- o& Ma3 !@2 !1"


23/26Page 23

te Co&%t$t(t$o& +e&4 $le -e4lar$&' Se4t$o& @A o) te

Del$ Spe4$al Pol$4e E%tabl$%,e&t A4t2 1"@2 $4 a%

$&%erte- b3 A4t "5 o) !!9 a% (&4o&%t$t(t$o&al a% op$&e-

tat

:It %ee,% to (% tat 4la%%$)$4at$o& $4 $% ,a-e$& Se4t$o& @A o& te ba%$% o) %tat(% $& te?oer&,e&t %er$4e $% &ot per,$%%$ble (&-erArt$4le 1" a% $t -e)eat% te p(rpo%e o) )$&-$&'pr$,a )a$4e tr(t $&to te alle'at$o&% o) 'ra)t2

$4 a,o(&t to a& o))e&4e (&-er te PC A4t2188. Ca& tere be %o(&- -$))ere&t$at$o&betee& 4orr(pt p(bl$4 %era&t% ba%e- o& te$r%tat(% S(rel3 &ot2 be4a(%e $rre%pe4t$e o) te$r%tat(% or po%$t$o&2 4orr(pt p(bl$4 %era&t% are4orr(pter% o) p(bl$4 poer. Te 4orr(pt p(bl$4%era&t%2 eter $' or lo2 are b$r-% o) te%a,e )eater a&- ,(%t be 4o&)ro&te- $t tepro4e%% o) $&e%t$'at$o& a&- $&($r3 e(all3.

+a%e- o& te po%$t$o& or %tat(% $& %er$4e2 &o-$%t$&4t$o& 4a& be ,a-e betee& p(bl$4%era&t% a'a$&%t o, tere are alle'at$o&%a,o(&t$&' to a& o))e&4e (&-er te PC A4t2188.;

A&- terea)ter2 te lar'er +e&4 )(rter r(le-

:Corr(pt$o& $% a& e&e,3 o) te &at$o& a&-tra4$&' -o& 4orr(pt p(bl$4 %era&t% a&-

p(&$%$&' %(4 per%o&% $% a &e4e%%ar3 ,a&-ateo) te PC A4t2 188. It $% -$))$4(lt to (%t$)3 te4la%%$)$4at$o& $4 a% bee& ,a-e $& Se4t$o& @A be4a(%e te 'oal o) la $& te PC A4t2 188 $%to ,eet 4orr(pt$o& 4a%e% $t a er3 %tro&'a&- a&- all p(bl$4 %era&t% are ar&e- tro('%(4 a le'$%lat$e ,ea%(re tat 4orr(pt p(bl$4%era&t% ae to )a4e er3 %er$o(%4o&%e(e&4e%.;

A&- a'a$&2 te lar'er +e&4 ob%ere-


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:7!. O))$4e o) p(bl$4 poer 4a&&ot be teor%op o) per%o&al 'a$&. Te prob$t3 $&p(bl$4 l$)e $% o) 'reat $,porta&4e. Ho 4a& top(bl$4 %era&t% a'a$&%t o, tere are

alle'at$o&% o) 4orr(pt$o& o) 'ra)t or br$be ta$&'or 4r$,$&al ,$%4o&-(4t (&-er te PC A4t2 1884a& be ,a-e to be treate- -$))ere&tl3 be4a(%eo&e appe&% to be a (&$or o))$4er a&- te oter2a %e&$or -e4$%$o& ,aer.

71. Corr(pt$o& $% a& e&e,3 o) &at$o& a&-tra4$&' -o& 4orr(pt p(bl$4 %era&t2o%oeer $' e ,a3 be2 a&- p(&$%$&' %(4per%o& $% a &e4e%%ar3 ,a&-ate (&-er te PCA4t2 188. Te %tat(% or po%$t$o& o) p(bl$4%era&t -oe% &ot (al$)3 %(4 p(bl$4 %era&t)ro, e6e,pt$o& )ro, e(al treat,e&t. Te-e4$%$o& ,a$&' poer -oe% &ot %e're'ate4orr(pt o))$4er% $&to to 4la%%e% a% te3 are4o,,o& 4r$,e -oer% a&- ae to be tra4e--o& b3 te %a,e pro4e%% o) $&($r3 a&-$&e%t$'at$o&.;

1. e ae re)erre- to te%e a(tor$t$e% o&l3 to %o

tat $& te 4a%e at a&-2 re'ar- be$&' a- to te 'ra$t3

o) te o))e&4e a&- te $,pa4t o& p(bl$4 l$)e apart )ro, te

&at(re o) appl$4at$o& )$le- b3 te p(bl$4 pro%e4(tor2 e are

o) te 4o&%$-ere- op$&$o& tat $e e6pre%%e- b3 te

lear&e- tr$al J(-'e a% ell a% te H$' Co(rt 4a&&ot be

)o(&- )a(lt $t. e %a3 %o a% e are $&4l$&e- to t$&

tat tere $% &o 'ro(&- to %o tat %(4 $t-raal

o(l- a-a&4e te 4a(%e o) (%t$4e a&- %ere te p(bl$4

$&tere%t. Tat apart2 tere a% &o $&-epe&-e&t


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appl$4at$o& o) ,$&- o& te part o) te lear&e- p(bl$4

pro%e4(tor2 po%%$bl3 t$&$&' tat te Co(rt o(l- pa%% a&

or-er o& a ,ere a%$&'. Te $e e6pre%%e- $& Name

Dasarath


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P$&a$ Ca&-ra ?o%e

Ne Del$J(l3 912 !1".

The Public Prosecutor Cannot Act Like the Post Office on Behalf of the State Government

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