The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro...
Transcript of The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro...
![Page 1: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Contextualising the international student experience:
Psychosocial adjustment and the role of institutional intervention
Lee Hawkes April 2013
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 2: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction: “Psycho-social”?
Psycho Social
Feelings Emotions Identity
Friends Activities
Languages
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 3: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why care?
Introduction: Why care?
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
“The view of writing as a situated social practice also represents a shift away from a characterization of genre as consisting primarily of conventionalized textual formalisms to one in which textual patterns and regularities are considered to be aspects of broader social and rhetorical practices…” (Casanave, 2002)
![Page 4: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why care?
Introduction: Why care?
(Street, 1995; Lea & Street, 1998; Duff 2010)
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
Acculturation
Academic Socialisation
Genre
Syntax, etc..
Psychology Sociology
![Page 5: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Background: Existing Research
Existing Research
“Student perceptions of their experiences have taught us that their interactions with native speakers may be far less intense and frequent than was once assumed…” (Freed, 1998)
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 6: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Background: Existing Research
Existing Research
Japanese students in US: happier when NSs are accommodating (Imamura, Zhang, & Harwood, 2011)
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 7: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Background: Existing Research
Existing Research Singaporeans in Australia: Extroverts good (Ward, Leong, & Low, 2004) Australians in Singapore: Extroverts bad (Armes & Ward, 1989)
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 8: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Background: Existing Research
Existing Research
Chinese students in London: disappointed with accent/dialect (Tuneja, 2008)
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 9: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Background: Existing Research
Existing Research
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 10: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Background: Marginalisation
Marginalisation (Berry, 1997)
‘Acculturative stressors’ (Smith & Khawaja, 2011)
‘Maladaptive strategies’
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 11: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Background: Marginalisation
Integration (Berry, 1997)
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 12: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Background: Marginalisation
UK students’ perceptions of the French (Coleman, 2001)
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 13: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Background: Marginalisation
UK students’ perceptions of the French (Coleman, 2001)
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 14: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Background: Marginalisation
Perceptions of the French, ctd.. (Riley, 2008)
“lack of a greeting or eye contact, explicit remarks about their accent or linguistic incompetence, being kept waiting and lack of interest” (p.223)
“little objective difference in respect of these factors between the treatment meted out to native and non-native clients” (p.223)
“the French don’t find one another rude, in fact they think of themselves as being politer than many other nationalities” (p.220)
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 15: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Research: EAP1
EAP 1: International Foundation Programme
China x2 Azerbaijan x2 Kazakhstan Pakistan
IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 16: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Research: EAP1
Research 1: Qualitative Case Study – September 2011 to March 2012
What are the sociocultural experiences of a small group students undertaking an International Foundation Programme?
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 17: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Research: EAP1
1. ‘Sat at the baby table’
“I thought that I will get a lot of English friends, English students, but now I
think that it is hard, maybe, like I am doing foundation, that is why…” (Tom)
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 18: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Research: EAP1
2. ‘Not good enough’ “I met some people from UK,
and I went on party with them, it was a little difficult to
understand because they speak too fast” (Xoe)
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 19: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Research: EAP1
3. ‘Later, but not now’ “…I will have English friends,
sometimes I will go to the pub Saturdays, but it will
happen in time, not now” (John)
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 20: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Research: EAP1
What do you feel stressed about?
Lucy Tom Kate
1. Ability to communicate 1. Loneliness 1. Ability to communicate
2. Grades 2. Location 2. Academic work
3. Personal relationships 3. Food 3. Visas
![Page 21: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Research: EAP1
1. Person 2. Duration 3. Where 4. Nationality 5. Language
Friend 60 Campus Turkish English
Friend 45 Campus Russian English
Flatmate 120 Home Pakistani English
Classmate 30 Campus Saudi English
Friend 120 Skype Kazakh English
Friend 60 Restaurant Turkish Turkish
Friend 180 Skype Azeri Azeri
Friend 40 Skype Indian English
Who have you spoken to this week? (Tom)
![Page 22: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Research: EAP1
What are the sociocultural experiences of a small group students undertaking an International Foundation Programme?
• Socioculturally marginalised • Very little contact with native speakers • Report feeling isolated, lonely and disappointed • Not necessarily ‘lack of access’ to NSs
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 23: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Research: EAP2
Research 2: Quantitative/Longitudinal – September 2012 to March 2013
How do students’ reported contact, confidence and competence with English, in both academic and non-academic contexts, change over the period of an IFP?
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 24: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Research: EAP1
Group number IELTS scores
1 8
2 7
3 7
4 6
5 6
6 6
7 5
8 5
QMUL IFP 2012-2013 8 groups: From IELTS 5.5 to 8.5
IELTS • 8 • 7 • 6 • 5
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 25: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Research: EAP2
EAP2: Longitudinal Survey
IELTS
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.0
120 students
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 26: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Research: EAP2
4
5
6
7
IELTS 5 IELTS 6 IELTS 7 IELTS 8
Contact
Confidence
Competence
IELTS scores and contact, confidence and competence #1
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 27: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Research: EAP2
4
5
6
7
IELTS 5 IELTS 6 IELTS 7 IELTS 8
Contact
Confidence
Competence
IELTS scores and contact, confidence and competence #2
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 28: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Research: EAP2
4
5
6
7
IELTS 5 IELTS 6 IELTS 7 IELTS 8
Contact
Confidence
Competence
IELTS scores and contact, confidence and competence #3
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 29: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Research: EAP2
Overall increase in English contact over 5 months:
0
1
2
3
4
5 6 7 8
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 30: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Research: EAP2
Overall increase in English confidence over 5 months:
0
1
2
3
4
5 6 7 8
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 31: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Research: EAP2
Overall increase in English competence over 5 months:
0
1
2
3
4
5 6 7 8
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 32: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Research: EAP2
Overall increase in Academic/non-academic CCCs over 5 months
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
5 6 7 8
Academic
Non-academic
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 33: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Research: EAP2
All levels increased contact, competence and confidence
over 5 months, in both academic and non-academic
contexts.
(but not much…)
IELTS 6 did much better with both
How do students’ reported contact, confidence and competence with English, in both academic and non-academic contexts, change over the period of an IFP programme?
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
![Page 34: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
So…?
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
IELTS
Confidence
Competence Contact
Achievement
![Page 35: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
So…?
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN
Institutional Intervention? • Accommodation
• Mentoring schemes
• Orientation Programmes
• Volunteering
• Student Unions
![Page 36: The Psychosocial Adjustment of International Students · IELTS 6.0 Business / Economics Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN . Research: EAP1 Research 1: Qualitative Case Study ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071511/61310ec21ecc515869447e41/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
End
Summary
Referencees
Armes, K., & Ward, C. (1989). Cross-Cultural Transitions and Sojourner Adjustment in Singapore. The Journal of Social Psychology, 129(2), 273-275.
Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, Acculturation and Adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46(1), 5-68.
Casanave, C. (200). Writing Games: Multicultural Case Studies of Academic Literacy Practices in Higher Education. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Coleman, J. (1998). Language Learning and Study Abroad: the European Perspective. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, v4 n2 Fall, 167-203.
Duff, P. (2010). Language socialization into academic discourse communities. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 30, 169-192.
Freed, B. (1998). An Overview of Issues and Research in Language Learning in a Study Abroad Setting. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 4, 31-60.
Imamura, M., Zhang, Y. B., & Harwood, J. (2011). Japanese sojourners' attitudes toward Americans. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication, 115-132.
Lea, M., & Street, B. (1998). Student Writing in Higher Education: An Academic Literacies Approach. Studies in Higher Education, 23(2), 152-172.
Masgoret, A.-M., & Ward, C. (2006). Culture Learning Approach to Acculturation. In D. L. Sam, & J. W. Berry, The Cambridge Handbook of Acculturation Psychology (pp. 58-77). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Riley, P. (2008). Language, Culture and Identity. London: Continuum.
Smith, R. A., & Khawaja, N. G. (2011). A review of the acculturation experiences of international students. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35, 699-713.
Street, B. (1995). Social Literacies: Critical Approaches to Literacy in Development, Ethnography and Education. Harlow: Pearson.
Tuneja, E. (2008). Aspects of intercultural awareness through an MBA study abroad programme: Going "backstage". Business Communication Quarterly, 71(3), 314-337.
Intro Background 1: QUAL 2: QUAN