The Protestant The Protestant ReformationReformation

SS.A.3.4.2; SS.B.1.4.4; SS.A.3.4.2; SS.B.1.4.4; SS.B.2.4.3SS.B.2.4.3

Christian HumanismChristian Humanism As the new classical learning and As the new classical learning and

humanism spread north from Italyhumanism spread north from Italy In the north, it is known as Christian In the north, it is known as Christian

Humanism: the belief that humans have Humanism: the belief that humans have the ability to reason and improve the ability to reason and improve themselves.themselves.

Through study of classics and basic Through study of classics and basic writings of Christianity, inner piety writings of Christianity, inner piety would reform the Churchwould reform the Church

To change society, you must first To change society, you must first change the people who make societychange the people who make society

Desiderius ErasmusDesiderius Erasmus

Believed Christianity should show Believed Christianity should show people how to live, rather than people how to live, rather than provide a system of beliefs to provide a system of beliefs to achieve salvationachieve salvation ““Philosophy of Christ”Philosophy of Christ”

He wanted to change the Catholic He wanted to change the Catholic Church from withinChurch from within

Criticized the abuses of the churchCriticized the abuses of the church

Trouble In The ChurchTrouble In The Church Renaissance popes fail to meet Renaissance popes fail to meet

church’s spiritual needschurch’s spiritual needs Too involved in Italian politicsToo involved in Italian politics

Many church officials used office to Many church officials used office to advance their own agenda and advance their own agenda and fortunefortune Sale of IndulgencesSale of Indulgences

Martin Luther & Martin Luther & The Protestant ReformationThe Protestant Reformation

Martin Luther, a German monk and Martin Luther, a German monk and professor, has idea about salvation professor, has idea about salvation from studying the Biblefrom studying the Bible ““Good works are not needed, salvation Good works are not needed, salvation

comes from faith in Christ alone.”comes from faith in Christ alone.” Justification by faith aloneJustification by faith alone

The Bible becomes the only authority The Bible becomes the only authority to Luther and his followers to Luther and his followers (Protestants)(Protestants)

The Ninety-Five ThesesThe Ninety-Five Theses Luther did not consider himself a rebelLuther did not consider himself a rebel

Upset by selling of indulgencesUpset by selling of indulgences 1517: Luther writes 95 problems he sees 1517: Luther writes 95 problems he sees

in the church; Ninety-Five Theses printedin the church; Ninety-Five Theses printed Spreads throughout Germany, EuropeSpreads throughout Germany, Europe Pope Leo X ignores problemPope Leo X ignores problem

1520: Luther begins to ask German 1520: Luther begins to ask German princes to break with Catholic Church and princes to break with Catholic Church and establish a reformed “German Church”establish a reformed “German Church”

Martin LutherMartin Luther

Break-Away ChurchBreak-Away Church Luther attacks Church sacramentsLuther attacks Church sacraments

Sees them a destroying the true meaning Sees them a destroying the true meaning of the gospels; to him, only baptism and of the gospels; to him, only baptism and Communion (Eucharist) were meaningfulCommunion (Eucharist) were meaningful

Also wanted priests to be able to marryAlso wanted priests to be able to marry Luther is excommunicated in 1521Luther is excommunicated in 1521 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V also Holy Roman Emperor Charles V also

not happy with Luther, M.L. is outlawednot happy with Luther, M.L. is outlawed Protected by his prince in WittenbergProtected by his prince in Wittenberg

Rise of LutheranismRise of Lutheranism Luther’s movement becomes a revolutionLuther’s movement becomes a revolution Princes who agreed with Luther broke Princes who agreed with Luther broke

with the emperor, took control of the with the emperor, took control of the Catholic churches in their areas, and put Catholic churches in their areas, and put them under government control them under government control (Lutheran)(Lutheran)

Luther changes the Catholic mass, with Luther changes the Catholic mass, with more emphasis on The Bible, preaching more emphasis on The Bible, preaching and songsand songs

Lutheranism becomes the first Protestant Lutheranism becomes the first Protestant faithfaith

Political Unrest in GermanyPolitical Unrest in Germany

Peasants rise up against lordsPeasants rise up against lords Luther sides with lordsLuther sides with lords

Many lords have sway on Luther’s Many lords have sway on Luther’s thinkingthinking

Luther is dependent on German lords Luther is dependent on German lords for the growth of his churchfor the growth of his church

The faith of Luther’s movement is The faith of Luther’s movement is closely based on politicsclosely based on politics

German Politics & ReformGerman Politics & Reform Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, was Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, was

also Charles I—King of Spainalso Charles I—King of Spain Controlled an empire including Spain Controlled an empire including Spain

and its colonies, Germany, Austria, and its colonies, Germany, Austria, Bohemia, Hungary, the Italian Duchy of Bohemia, Hungary, the Italian Duchy of Milan, the Kingdom of Naples and the Milan, the Kingdom of Naples and the Low Countries (Flanders)Low Countries (Flanders)

Hoped to keep control of his empire Hoped to keep control of his empire by keeping it Catholicby keeping it Catholic

Problems In GermanyProblems In Germany Charles goes to war with France for 20 yrsCharles goes to war with France for 20 yrs

Pope sides with FrancePope sides with France Turks expand empire into Charles’ landsTurks expand empire into Charles’ lands

Charles fights the Turks on the eastern frontCharles fights the Turks on the eastern front German lords/princes who agree with German lords/princes who agree with

Luther, break away from H.R. EmpireLuther, break away from H.R. Empire Lutherans have time to organize while Lutherans have time to organize while

Charles is fighting his wars, ready for warCharles is fighting his wars, ready for war Peace of Augsburg: Luther and Catholic Peace of Augsburg: Luther and Catholic

states are equal within the empirestates are equal within the empire