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The Protestant Reformation (early 1500s) A religious revolution Humanists driven Split the Roman...
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The Protestant Reformation (early 1500s)
• A religious revolution• Humanists driven• Split the Roman
Catholic Church in western Europe
• Popes lost sight of spiritual mission– Political leaders &
warriors– Wealth more important
than saving souls
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Origins of the Reformation• Germany due to weak
central government• Pope Leo X built
St. Peter’s Basilica• Raised funds by selling indulgences – Reward for pious deeds* Purchase a pardon for sins to
reduce time in purgatory
• Martin Luther protests abuses
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Martin Luther’s Protest• Considered himself a
sinner• Became a monk• Church rituals did nothing
to rid him of his feelings of damnation
• Epiphany: an inner faith in god leads to salvation
• 95 Theses– Protests abuse of
indulgences
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Lutheranism• Luther’s believes:
– “priesthood of believers”– Bible is sole religious authority– Ceremonies did NOT counteract sins– Priests have no role in salvation
• 1520: 3 publications that outlined his doctrines
• 1521: Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther– Charles V
• Diet of Worms
• 1522: translated New Testament into German
• By 1534: translated entire Bible from Hebrew & Greek
• New ministers can baptize and give communion
"Unless I am convicted by scripture and plain reason - I do not accept the authority of the popes and councils, for they have contradicted each other - my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. God help me. Amen."
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Spread of Protestantism
• Lutheranism and other Protestant faiths sprang up all over Europe
• 1555: Peace at Augsburg– Charles V stopped attempts to end
Protestant movement– each German ruler could choose its
religion• Subjects had to accept religion or leave
• Sects: 100s of religious groups emerged. Few succeeded.
• Anabaptists survived thru Mennonites & Hutterites– Adults only can be baptized
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Anglican Church (1529-1536)• King Henry VIII• “Defender o/t Faith”• Henry VIII wanted a divorce
– Church refuses– No son w/ Catherine of Aragon
(Charles V aunt)– Married Anne Boleyn– 6 wives in total
• King Edward VI
• Parliament creates the Anglican Church (aka: Church of England) w/ king as its head
• Protestant doctrine w/ Catholic organization