The Protestant Reformation

The state of EuropePowerful/wealthy Catholic Church

RenaissanceHumanism

Rise of Nations and Nationalism

Catholic Church in the 15th Century

Defined by extravagance

Pope Leo XNeeded $$$ for St. Peter’s Bascilica

Approves the sale of indulgences (buying your way into purgatory/heaven)

Money for building project

Martin Luther - 151795 Theses

Criticized practices of the Church

(Including sale of indulgences)

Edict of WormsHoly Roman Emperor condemned Luther and his writings

95 Theses

1. When Jesus said "repent" he meant that believers should live a whole life repenting

2. Only God can give salvation - not a priest.3. Inwards penitence must be accompanied with a

suitable change in lifestyle.4. Sin will always remain until we enter Heaven.5. The pope must act according to canon law.6. Only God can forgive -the pope can only reassure

people that God will do this.7. A sinner must be humbled in front of his priest before

God can forgive him.

Effects of Martin LutherPrinting Press = 95 Theses available to many people

1530 – Lutheranism an official branch of Christianity

Begins the Protestant Reformation

Protestant England1527 – Pope refuses to annul King Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon

1534 – Henry breaks with the Catholic Church to divorce his wife, becomes official Head of Church of England

1553 – Queen Mary I – Back to Catholic, death to Protestants!

1558 – Queen Elizabeth I - restores Church of England – persecutes Catholics

The Counter-Reformation

Which is really a reformation, and what Martin Luther wanted in the first place

Counter-Reformation

The Church response to the Protestant movement

St. Ignatius of Loyola founds the Jesuit Order -

1534

Concentrate on educationFounded schools, missions, and universities

Council of Trent 1545-1563Training of priests

regulatedIndulgences abolishedGot rid of financial abusesRejects Protestants emphasis on the individual

Boost to Catholicism

Women in the ChurchBefore Renaissance, lived only in Convents

After… Would help poor/orphans/sickFounded Orders to

educate girlstrain women to be teachers Build schools for girls

Inquisition (not to be confused with the earlier and more

violent Spanish Inquisition of Mel Brooks fame)

Church court to fight Protestantism

Accused Protestants of breaking church law

Used torture violence etc… (why not, it works! …right?)

Reading: Brought Before the Inquisition,

1573Why does Paolo Veronese believe he is brought before the Inquisitors? What issues do they have with the figures in his painting? What is the major complaint about the painting? What does he change? What does the result of the inquiry tell you about the Inquisition as a whole?