The Protestant Reformation
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Transcript of The Protestant Reformation
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100 Years War and Black Death
Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church
The Corruption within the Catholic Church
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Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic
The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church
People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church
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In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions
The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions
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Martin Luther
John Calvin
Henry VIII
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Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany
Father encouraged him to study law
A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk
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He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven
He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort
In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for
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“The righteous shall by his faith.”
Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.
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A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)
He criticized:
The Power of the Pope
The Extreme Wealth of the Church
Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)
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Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs
Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany
Gained support from people and criticism from Church
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•The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible.
•This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.
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The Diet of Worms1520 Pope Leo X order Luther to give up his beliefsLuther burned the order and was excommunicatedLuther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further
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He was the Pope during the height of the corruption
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“I am fed up with the world, and it with me. I am like a ripe stool, and the world is like a gigantic anus, and so we’re about to let go of each other.”
-Luther
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Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas
Lutheranism was formed
Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms
The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants
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“May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.”
- Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with
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Anti-Catholic
Influenced by Martin Luther
Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.”
Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland
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Calvin believed in:
Salvation through Predestination
At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell
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Foreknowledge
God knows everything that will happen in your life
Purified approach to life:
No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..
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Started in Switzerland – Calvinists
England = Puritans
Scotland = Presbyterians
Holland = Dutch Reform
France = Huguenots
Germany = Reform Church
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PuritanHugeunots
Presbyterian
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Religious – 1) Churches flourished; 2) new denominations developed; 3) the RCC became more unified (Council of Trent); 4) Emphasis on education
Society – Status of women remained unchanged
Political – 1) Power of monarchs/states increased; 2) Rise of modern-nation states; 3) lays groundwork for the Enlightenment