The Properties of Water. I. Structure A. Water is one oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. H 2...

The Properties of WaterThe Properties of Water

I. StructureA. Water is one oxygen atom

bonded to two hydrogen atoms. H2O is the formula.

B. Each end of the molecule has a slight electrical charge.

1. The oxygen end has a slight negative charge and the hydrogen end is slightly positive.

2. Molecules with a charge are considered polar molecules.

I. StructureA. Water is one oxygen atom

bonded to two hydrogen atoms. H2O is the formula.

B. Each end of the molecule has a slight electrical charge.

1. The oxygen end has a slight negative charge and the hydrogen end is slightly positive.

2. Molecules with a charge are considered polar molecules.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

3. The + and - attract each other, so the water molecules tend to “stick” to each other.

3. The + and - attract each other, so the water molecules tend to “stick” to each other.





II. Surface TensionA. The tightness across the surface of the water caused by the polar molecules pulling on each other.

II. Surface TensionA. The tightness across the surface of the water caused by the polar molecules pulling on each other.







III. Capillary ActionA. The attraction of water molecules

to other surrounding materials.B. This allows water to “cling to” and

“climb” up materials.

III. Capillary ActionA. The attraction of water molecules

to other surrounding materials.B. This allows water to “cling to” and

“climb” up materials.QuickTime™ and a

TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.





IV. Water, the Universal SolventA. Solution

1. A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.

2. The solvent is the substance doing the dissolving. Water is the solvent.

B. Water dissolves substances by the positive and negative charges attracting the positive and negative charges of the substance and tearing it apart.

IV. Water, the Universal SolventA. Solution

1. A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.

2. The solvent is the substance doing the dissolving. Water is the solvent.

B. Water dissolves substances by the positive and negative charges attracting the positive and negative charges of the substance and tearing it apart.

C. Water dissolves other polar substances.1. Solids - soap, salt2. Liquids - bleach, alcohol3. Gases - oxygen, CO2

D. Water cannot dissolve non-polar substances (those without charges).1. Wax2. Oil

C. Water dissolves other polar substances.1. Solids - soap, salt2. Liquids - bleach, alcohol3. Gases - oxygen, CO2

D. Water cannot dissolve non-polar substances (those without charges).1. Wax2. Oil

V. Changing StateA. Water is the only substance on Earth that commonly exists in all three states, solid, liquid, and gas.B. Melting - solid to liquid

Freezing - liquid to solidC. Boiling - liquid to gas

Evaporation - liquid to gas only at the surface of the liquid Condensation - gas to liquid

V. Changing StateA. Water is the only substance on Earth that commonly exists in all three states, solid, liquid, and gas.B. Melting - solid to liquid

Freezing - liquid to solidC. Boiling - liquid to gas

Evaporation - liquid to gas only at the surface of the liquid Condensation - gas to liquid





Temperature

Temperature

Energy

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Melting

Freezing

Boiling

Condensation

VI. Ice FloatsA. Ice is less dense than water.B. Density is how tightly packed together the molecules are.C. When water freezes, the molecules move slightly farther apart, making ice less dense. D. Less dense things float.

VI. Ice FloatsA. Ice is less dense than water.B. Density is how tightly packed together the molecules are.C. When water freezes, the molecules move slightly farther apart, making ice less dense. D. Less dense things float.





VII. Specific HeatA. The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a certain mass of a substance by 1º C.B. Water has a high specific heat. It takes a lot of heat to raise the temperature of water.C. This is why the oceans are still cold in June and yet are warm in September.

VII. Specific HeatA. The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a certain mass of a substance by 1º C.B. Water has a high specific heat. It takes a lot of heat to raise the temperature of water.C. This is why the oceans are still cold in June and yet are warm in September.





The Properties of Water. I. Structure A. Water is one oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. H 2...

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