The Progressive EraThe Progressive Era

1895 - 19061895 - 1906

Progressive RootsProgressive Roots

The progressive era began with a book The progressive era began with a book written by Jacob Riis, called written by Jacob Riis, called How the How the Other Half LivesOther Half Lives. In the book, he . In the book, he describes the living conditions of the slums describes the living conditions of the slums of New York.of New York.

One of the most famous “urban pioneers” One of the most famous “urban pioneers” was Jane Addams, who created the Hull was Jane Addams, who created the Hull House. House.

Jane Addams

MuckrakersMuckrakers

MuckrakersMuckrakers- reported on the “muck”, or - reported on the “muck”, or filth, in large cities.filth, in large cities.

The two leaders in this reporting were The two leaders in this reporting were Lincoln Steffens and Ida Tarbell.Lincoln Steffens and Ida Tarbell.

They sought to bring focus to the They sought to bring focus to the corruption ailing this country. They corruption ailing this country. They primarily took on large companies like primarily took on large companies like Standard Oil.Standard Oil.

Lincoln Steffens

Ida Tarbell

CHECKPOINT!CHECKPOINT!

Which female Progressive created Hull Which female Progressive created Hull House?House?

What is a muckraker?What is a muckraker? Who were 2 leading muckrakers?Who were 2 leading muckrakers?

Political ProgressivismPolitical Progressivism

The Progressive reformers were mainly middle-The Progressive reformers were mainly middle-class men and women.class men and women.

They sensed that something was wrong in They sensed that something was wrong in society, especially corruption.society, especially corruption.

Progressives emerged in both major parties, in Progressives emerged in both major parties, in all regions, and at all levels of government.all regions, and at all levels of government.

The Progressives wanted to reform, or improve, The Progressives wanted to reform, or improve, politics and elections in the country.politics and elections in the country.

Progressive DemocracyProgressive Democracy

Direct PrimaryDirect Primary - Voters could choose the - Voters could choose the candidate they wanted.candidate they wanted.

This along with the passage of the This along with the passage of the Seventeenth Seventeenth AmendmentAmendment – allowing Americans the right to – allowing Americans the right to vote directly for U.S. Senators.vote directly for U.S. Senators.

ReferendumReferendum – way in which the voters choose – way in which the voters choose to accept or reject a proposed lawto accept or reject a proposed law

RecallRecall- would enable voters to remove the bad - would enable voters to remove the bad officials in government by calling for a new vote.officials in government by calling for a new vote.

Reforming Child Labor LawsReforming Child Labor Laws

In 1900, more than 1.75 million children were In 1900, more than 1.75 million children were working in mines, mills, or factories.working in mines, mills, or factories.

Many of the American workers could not Many of the American workers could not make enough money to escape poverty.make enough money to escape poverty.

As late as 1910, nearly 1/3 of all working As late as 1910, nearly 1/3 of all working class people in America were poor.class people in America were poor.

There were efforts to establish laws to There were efforts to establish laws to guarantee a minimum wageguarantee a minimum wage, and to , and to limit the limit the number of work hours in a weeknumber of work hours in a week..

CHECKPOINT!CHECKPOINT!

What did Progressives feel was wrong What did Progressives feel was wrong with society?with society?

What did the 17What did the 17thth Amendment do? Amendment do? What is a recall?What is a recall? How did the Progressives try to help How did the Progressives try to help

working people?working people?

Theodore Roosevelt – A Theodore Roosevelt – A Progressive PresidentProgressive President

Theodore Roosevelt makes a name for Theodore Roosevelt makes a name for himself during the Spanish-American War himself during the Spanish-American War where he led a group of individuals that where he led a group of individuals that became known as the Rough Riders.became known as the Rough Riders.

Teddy, as he later is known, takes over Teddy, as he later is known, takes over the office of the president after William the office of the president after William McKinley is assassinated in 1901.McKinley is assassinated in 1901.

He felt that the president should be an He felt that the president should be an active leader.active leader.

Roosevelt in his Rough Rider attire

Roosevelt once he becomes president.

Regulation of FoodRegulation of Food

During Roosevelt’s first term in office, he During Roosevelt’s first term in office, he set out to regulate big companies.set out to regulate big companies.

In 1906 author Upton Sinclair wrote about In 1906 author Upton Sinclair wrote about the horrors of the meat-packing industry the horrors of the meat-packing industry his book, his book, The JungleThe Jungle..

This leads Roosevelt to investigate the This leads Roosevelt to investigate the matter and causes him to force Congress matter and causes him to force Congress pass the Pure Food and Drug Act in the pass the Pure Food and Drug Act in the same year.same year.

Upton Sinclair The Jungle

This act prohibited the manufacture, sale, This act prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of mislabeled or or transportation of mislabeled or contaminated food or drugs sold.contaminated food or drugs sold.

He also regulated railroads and their He also regulated railroads and their shipping rates.shipping rates.

Surprisingly, the public supported his Surprisingly, the public supported his expansion of the regulatory powers of the expansion of the regulatory powers of the federal government. federal government.

CHECKPOINT!CHECKPOINT!

What did Theodore Roosevelt think a What did Theodore Roosevelt think a president should do/be?president should do/be?

What famous book talked about the meat-What famous book talked about the meat-packing industry?packing industry?

What law was passed due to this book?What law was passed due to this book? What did this law prohibit?What did this law prohibit?

Progressivism in South CarolinaProgressivism in South Carolina

Early Progressive Early Progressive leaders in SC:leaders in SC: Duncan Heyward – Duncan Heyward –

Governor (1902-1906); Governor (1902-1906); wanted to end child wanted to end child labor and lynchingslabor and lynchings

Ellison D. (“Cotton Ellison D. (“Cotton Ed”) Smith – Elected Ed”) Smith – Elected Senator in 1908; Senator in 1908; worked alongside worked alongside Tillman in the U.S. Tillman in the U.S. SenateSenate

Progressivism in South CarolinaProgressivism in South Carolina

Martin F. Ansel – Elected Martin F. Ansel – Elected Governor in 1906; helped Governor in 1906; helped close the state close the state Dispensary (where the Dispensary (where the state sold alcohol)state sold alcohol)

In 1915, SC banned the In 1915, SC banned the sale, production, or sale, production, or drinking of alcohol in the drinking of alcohol in the state. state.

This ban on alcohol was This ban on alcohol was called PROHIBITION.called PROHIBITION.

CHECKPOINT!CHECKPOINT!

Name some of the early SC Progressives.Name some of the early SC Progressives. What is Prohibition? When did SC make it What is Prohibition? When did SC make it

law?law? What was the Dispensary?What was the Dispensary?

Opponents of ProgressivismOpponents of Progressivism

One major opponent of Progressives in SC was One major opponent of Progressives in SC was Gov. Coleman BleaseGov. Coleman Blease, a friend of Ben Tillman, a friend of Ben Tillman

Blease was elected Governor in 1910 with the Blease was elected Governor in 1910 with the support of support of poor white farmerspoor white farmers and and mill mill workersworkers

Blease was against paying for black education Blease was against paying for black education and mandatory school attendance, but openly and mandatory school attendance, but openly supported lynching (sound familiar)?supported lynching (sound familiar)?

While governor, he pardoned some 1500-1700 While governor, he pardoned some 1500-1700 convicts, including many convicts, including many murderersmurderers

Opponents of ProgressivismOpponents of Progressivism

As governor, he openly As governor, he openly insulted people and insulted people and refused to follow court refused to follow court ordersorders

In 1914, one of his In 1914, one of his enemies, enemies, Richard Richard ManningManning, was elected , was elected GovernorGovernor

Blease was so mad at Blease was so mad at Manning’s election that Manning’s election that he resigned as Governor he resigned as Governor 5 days before his term 5 days before his term endedended

CHECKPOINT!CHECKPOINT!

What SC governor was a major opponent What SC governor was a major opponent of Progressives?of Progressives?

What groups of people supported him?What groups of people supported him? What kinds of laws did he oppose?What kinds of laws did he oppose? Why did he resign from the Governor’s Why did he resign from the Governor’s

Office?Office?

Richard Manning – SC’s Richard Manning – SC’s Progressive GovernorProgressive Governor

Richard Manning – SC’s Richard Manning – SC’s Progressive GovernorProgressive Governor

Under Manning’s leadership:Under Manning’s leadership: Expanded the state mental hospitalExpanded the state mental hospital A school for mentally disabled students was A school for mentally disabled students was

openedopened Increased funding for public educationIncreased funding for public education Minimum work age rose from 12 to 14Minimum work age rose from 12 to 14 Taxes were assessed in a more equal wayTaxes were assessed in a more equal way A state Highway Department was created…A state Highway Department was created…

roads were improvedroads were improved

Richard Manning – SC’s Richard Manning – SC’s Progressive GovernorProgressive Governor

Overall, Manning and the Progressives Overall, Manning and the Progressives greatly improved life for many people greatly improved life for many people working and living in SCworking and living in SC

Women Try to VoteWomen Try to Vote

Many Progressives wanted to give women the Many Progressives wanted to give women the right to voteright to vote

SC refused to ratify (approve) the 19SC refused to ratify (approve) the 19 thth Amendment, which would give women that rightAmendment, which would give women that right

The SC Democratic Party did not let women vote The SC Democratic Party did not let women vote in its primaryin its primary

Women in SC could not vote until 1920, when Women in SC could not vote until 1920, when the 19the 19thth Amendment went into effect! Amendment went into effect!

SC did not ratify the 19SC did not ratify the 19thth Amendment until 1969! Amendment until 1969!

CHECKPOINT!CHECKPOINT!

Who is known as SC’s most Progressive Who is known as SC’s most Progressive governor?governor?

List 4 positive actions taken in SC under List 4 positive actions taken in SC under this governor.this governor.

What did SC refuse to do for women?What did SC refuse to do for women? When could women in SC actually vote?When could women in SC actually vote?