The Production Technology Function in Senergy - 2013
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www.senergyltd.com
The Production Technology Function
in Senergy
2013
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Bridging the Disciplines
ProductionTechnology
Well
Engineering
Reservoir
Engineering
Formation
Integrity
FormationDamage
Well Constructionand Management
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Production Technology PersonnelGlobal
Offices in UAE, UK, Malaysia and Australia
Large range of expertise
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41 = Reservoir
2 = Near Wellbore /
Lower Completion
3 = Conduit (tubing, tree,
choke)
4 = Facilities
2
1
3
The component sections.. or, the whole picture!
What can we do?
http://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/xikomba/index.html -
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Production Technology
Brownfield production optimisationArtificial lift optimisation, integrated asset modelling etc
Production enhancement
Well IntegrityWell completions and workover design and planning
Integrated field development
Formation Damage
Specialised products (WellscopeTM, CoupledGeomechanics / Reservoir Modelling)
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Brownfield Optimisation
IntegratedAsset Modelling
600+ well IAM built and calibrated from scratch
Middle East onshore
Addressed well testing and field data gatheringpractices
Lift gas utilisation
Integrate production from 3 fields in North Sea flowing into hub
Assess and optimise future hub production opportunitieswith current platform constraints
Identify key platform modification to add value to hub
Assess production back-out caused by new or 3rd party tie-
back
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Data gathering(Client)
Populate model(Gap)
Data validation Field map
Pipeline Elevations & lengths Separator (GOSP) Pressures
Well Test
Unclear
OK
Check WellType
Model assources
IGLs &
SRPs
Model viaProsper
NFs &
GLs
DefineProductivity
Use WTData forCurrent
rates
Import IPRsFrom Prosper
Correlation Uncertainty(Input Data Issues?)
Choose correlationWith lowest estimated
Friction correction
No
Choose Beggs andBrill.
Yes
Apply correlation for thepipeline
Pipeline Calibration(Selection process
for flow line correlation)
IGLs &
SRPs
NFs &
GLs
Integrate
(Attach Wells & Pipes)
Generate Lift Curves
for wells Solve Network
Representative Workflow
High Level Workflow IAM Modelling
S
Wells
Pipelines
F
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Tank Battery Example
Tank
Batte
ry
Remote A
C
D
Local WM-02
B
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Brownfield Optimisation
SRP optimisation (India)
IAM work in Trinidad, Egypt, India and Ukraine, advisingon improvement potential to existing models
Large scale field optimisation (offshore Middle East)Water shut off
ESP optimisation
Well integrity
Integrated asset modelling
Application of balanced coning technologies (onshore
Middle East) using dual ESP systems to reduce waterconing
Candidate selection
Artificial lift and completion design
Economics and risk evaluation
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Brownfield Optimisation
Integrated Subsurface and ProductionTechnology project in Latin America
Review scope for bypassed hydrocarbons
Stimulation review
Artificial lift optimisation (ESP, SRP, PCP)
Workover opportunitiesIdle well re-activation
1000+ multi-well re-activation project, W. Siberia
Water shut off reviews (Middle East and FSU)Production log re-interpretation
Chemical and mechanical water shut off technique reviews
Selective stimulation
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Brownfield Optimisation
Major acid and propped
fracturing design andimplementation (FSU)
DST planning andimplementation, various N.Sea and Middle East
Water Shut-off Techniques (FSUand Middle East)
Well Completions andWorkover Design and Planning
various clients N. SeaGas storage completions (IrishSea initial planning)
Dump Flood concept study(North Sea)
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Water ManagementHolistic Approach
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Brownfield Optimisation
Water Management
A comprehensive system / strategy should be in place that integrates thefollowing and should be audited
Produced Water ManagementDownhole corrosion inhibition
Scale Inhibition
Hydrate Prediction and Prevention
Re-Injection and Disposal
Water Control / ShutoffDiagnosis
Water Control Methods
Treatment Selection
Water Injection ManagementWell Design and Completion
Injection Water Quality Requirements
Injection Water Treatment
Seawater Treatment
Seawater/Surface Water Injection
Produced Water Reinjection
Monitoring and Control
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Brownfield Optimisation
Water Injection ManagementWell Design and Completion
Injectivity Performance
Horizontal Wells
Fracturing (propagation and containment, modelling)
Tubulars (material selection)
Injection Water Quality RequirementsSolid Content (filtration, matrix injection)Rock Compatibility (clays, cement/matrix)
Formation Water Compatibility
Other Scales (injection facilities, injection near-wellbore area)
Corrosion (oxygen corrosion, sulphate-reducing bacteria, etc.)
Injection Water TreatmentsFiltration (Strainers/coarse filtration, secondary separation, tertiary separation)Scale control (pH adjustment, ion removal, scale inhibitors)
Corrosion Control (corrosion inhibitors, deaeration, oxygen scavengers)
Biological Fouling (chlorination, biocides, etc.)
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Water Injection ManagementSeawater/Surface Water Injection
Seawater Injection
Filtration
Scale Treatment
De-aeration
Microbial Control
Surface/Aquifer Water Injection
Produced Water ReinjectionFiltration
Oil Separation
Scale Treatment
Microbial Control
Monitoring and ControlWater Quality Monitoring
Monitoring for Process Control
Injection Monitoring (Hall Plots, downhole gauges, fibber optic, interference test,integrity monitoring: annulus monitoring, noise logging, electromagnetic thicknesssurvey, calliper logging, oxygen activation logging, etc.)
Brownfield Optimisation
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Well Integrity
How do Senergy del iver wel l integr i ty
assurance?
Resource pool of engineers in a range of disciplines &specialities
Competence system for Senergy personnelWell verification process
Senergy StandardsTried and tested
Available if gaps exist in operator systemIn house procedures for management of the well lifecycle
Checklists to cover each aspect of the well life cycle
External specialist partners as required
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Well Integrity - Example
TAQA took over Shell Northern North Sea assets
Senergy supplied engineering and operatingpersonnel and procedures for an agreed interim
period (several years)Developed and implemented full well integritystrategy for multiple platform and subsea assets
Full time dedicated well integrity team
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Well Integrity Elements that Everybody Needs to Have
Equipment
Procurement
changes in purpose throughoutthe wells life
DegradationProcedures, Policies & Standards
Broad range of activities &disciplines
Handover procedures &knowledge
People
Available resources with correctskills
Change in ownership throughwells life
Maintaining sufficient competence
Well Integrity
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Well Construction Phase
Well Life Cycle A. EQUIPMENT B. PROCESSES &
PROCEDURES
C. PEOPLE
1. DesignRobust data verification and
engineering design of the well
Equipment and material standards
applicable to well types, fluid types,
service type and duration.
Design Verification/Examination
Well Delivery Process
Peer assist, Peer review
Contingency & relief well planning
Certification and inspection
requirements
Well engineering competence assessment
Subsurface engagement and competence
2. ConstructEffective implementation of the well
design
Inspection, testing & certification
requirements for installed equipment.
Identification of drilling Safety Critical
Elements and their performance
standards.
Well Delivery Process
Operational standards
Performance measures
Contractor selection & quality
Procurement processes standards
Drilling operations competence assessment
Management of human behaviours
Operational drills and audits
3rd party competence
Awareness of design and operational issues
3. CommissionFunctionality, operating limits and
responsibilities
Performance standards set and verifiedfor installed equipment.
Handover processOperating parameter review process
Multidisciplinary skillsDrilling & Production mutual understanding
4. OperateControl & operation in accordance with
designed parameters
Data gathering, monitoring and control
systems functionality
Systems for operating within set
parameters and responding to avoid
deviations.
Monitoring, testing & reporting process
Operator competence assessment
5. MaintainSystem to test, report and repair well
envelope
Availability of appropriate spare parts.
Condition monitoring capability
Maintenance process
Management of priorities and backlog
Management of degraded SCEs
Well equipment competence assessment
6. ModifyManagement of changes in subsurface
or surface conditions or operational
mode
Continued suitability of equipment within
new operating environment according to
standards of the day
Management of change process
Linked well design and production
process
Awareness of and adherence to change
processes
7. SuspendMonitoring & forward planning
Effective life span of suspension tools
and equipment
Process to verify, monitor and
periodically reassess.
Establish forward plan for suspended
wells
Well engineering competence assessment
Subsurface engagement and competence
8. AbandonLong-term safety & environmentalsecurity
Minimum standards according to
reservoir and well type
Design Verification/Examination
Application of standards
Well engineering competence assessment
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Production Phase
Well Life Cycle A. EQUIPMENT B. PROCESSES &
PROCEDURES
C. PEOPLE
1. DesignRobust data verification and
engineering design of the well
Equipment and material standards
applicable to well types, fluid types,
service type and duration.
Design Verification/Examination
Well Delivery Process
Peer assist, Peer review
Contingency & relief well planning
Certification and inspection
requirements
Well engineering competence assessment
Subsurface engagement and competence
2. ConstructEffective implementation of the well
design
Inspection, testing & certification
requirements for installed equipment.
Identification of drilling Safety Critical
Elements and their performance
standards.
Well Delivery Process
Operational standards
Performance measures
Contractor selection & quality
Procurement processes standards
Drilling operations competence assessment
Management of human behaviours
Operational drills and audits
3rd party competence
Awareness of design and operational issues
3. CommissionFunctionality, operating limits and
responsibilities
Performance standards set and verifiedfor installed equipment.
Handover processOperating parameter review process
Multidisciplinary skillsDrilling & Production mutual understanding
4. OperateControl & operation in accordance with
designed parameters
Data gathering, monitoring and control
systems functionality
Systems for operating within set
parameters and responding to avoid
deviations.
Monitoring, testing & reporting process
Operator competence assessment
5. MaintainSystem to test, report and repair well
envelope
Availability of appropriate spare parts.
Condition monitoring capability
Maintenance process
Management of priorities and backlog
Management of degraded SCEs
Well equipment competence assessment
6. ModifyManagement of changes in subsurface
or surface conditions or operational
mode
Continued suitability of equipment within
new operating environment according to
standards of the day
Management of change process
Linked well design and production
process
Awareness of and adherence to change
processes
7. SuspendMonitoring & forward planning
Effective life span of suspension tools
and equipment
Process to verify, monitor and
periodically reassess.
Establish forward plan for suspended
wells
Well engineering competence assessment
Subsurface engagement and competence
8. AbandonLong-term safety & environmentalsecurity
Minimum standards according to
reservoir and well type
Design Verification/Examination
Application of standards
Well engineering competence assessment
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Well Integrity Management System
Example of Well Integrity Management System
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Well Integrity - How and When?
This type of matrix approach suggested is notdifficult to generate or apply, but needs:
management commitment
systematic thinking
a base of standards and procedures
a competent, controlled, systematic and pragmaticapproach to dispensation and risk assessment
focused application
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Formation Damage
Formation Damage can be defined as anyreduction in near wellbore permeability which isthe result of any stuff we do
.such as drilling, completion,
production, injection, attempted stimulation or
any other well intervention
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What is the impact of damage?
Shell has estimated that at oil price of less than $20 /barrel the cost of damage on Shell operated assets was$1 billion / year. Shell, at that time, was producing roughly3.3 % of total world production.
A $35 / barrel and global perspective means current bestestimate for cost of damage due to deferred production
and dealing with damage is $50,000,000,000 / year
At current $100+ prices ..!!!
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Retained mud filtrate losses
Before test After test
Fluid has been retained in the micropores between the chlorite platelets
(Photographs courtesy of Corex UK Ltd)
Filtrate Retention Gas Reservoir
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When does damage occur?
DrillingCompletion
Attempted Stimulation
ProductionWell Intervention
Injection
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Formation Damage
Dedicated Senergy Formation Damage teamHeaded by Michael Byrne (SPE distinguished lecturer)
Multiple studies worldwide
Also coupled closely with WellscopeTM / CFDapproach
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Production Enhancement
Carbonate stimulation offshore Oman / UAE
Post fracturing assessment FSU
Multiwell Acid and Proppant fracturing campaign FSUDesign
Planning
Vendor Audit and Procurement
Programming
Supervision
Formation damage reviews - multiple
Stimulation review Argentina
Stimulation reviews Middle East, Norway
Shale hydrocarbon fracturing review Eastern Europe
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Specialist Products
Not routine bread and butter PTCan perform specialist reviews standalone or aspart of larger study
Current Key offerings
WellscopeTM
CoupledFlow / Geomechanical modelling
Also capability in screening and implementation ofcuttings re-injection programmes
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What is Wellscope?
Modelling processModern computational power
Using computational fluid dynamics
Wells and near wellbore
Fully connected grid system
Fundamental physical properties
Reservoir
FluidsWell geometry
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Wellscope provides
More accurate prediction of productivity benefit of differentcompletion strategies
Has been used for over two years to evaluate:Naturally fractured reservoirs
CT drillingUBD, MPDSand control optionsFluid selection for drilling and completionRemedial stimulation of old wells
Open hole versus cased & perforatedHydraulic fracturingMulti-layered reservoirsHorizontal wellsFormation damage
Gas, oil & water wells
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What is CFD?
The science of predicting fluid flow, heat &mass transfer, chemical reactions and relatedphenomena by solving numerically the set ofgoverning mathematical equations
Domain is discretised into a finite set ofcontrol volumes (cells)
General conservation transport equationsfor mass, momentum, energy are solved foreach cell
Partial differential equations are discretisedinto a system of algebraic equations
All algebraic equations are solvednumerically to render the solution field
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WellscopeTM Computational flow dynamics
Improved Inflow PredictionImproved incorporation of damage effects measured from corestudies
Accurate modelling of novel perforation techniques on multilayered reservoirs
Improved fracturing performance predictionWithin Completion
Effect of inflow control devices on sand screens, coupled withvarying formation damage along horizontal interval to accuratelymodel inflow profile, also to avoid hot spots on sand screens
Effect of inflow control devices on horizontal injector coupled witheffect of near wellbore thermally induced fractures, on balancinginjection profile
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Trajectory with vertical cross-section Gridding and Meshing for the vertical cross-section
Well
screens
Annular gap
Mud Cake
Formation Damage
Matrix with heterogeneitiesk1 k2
k3
k4 k5
Inflow
Outflow
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Schematic Representation
Output Parameters
Working CFD Representation
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Pressure Distribution contours Velocity Distribution contours
Pressure difference: X%
CFD Simulation Results
Fully Coupled Reservoir/Geomechanical
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Coupled Geomechanical /Reservoir Simulation Applied
to Water Injection
Pressure evolution during injection
Injector
Temperature evolution duringinjection
Fracture evolution duringinjection Effective Stress
Fully Coupled Reservoir/Geomechanical
Simulation
Coupled Reservoir/Geomechanical
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Coupled Reservoir/GeomechanicalSimulation
Modelling of CO2
injection (sequestration)As part of Senergy Carbon Capture team
Phase behaviour modelling
Well integrityCompletions
Annular isolation (CBL, PLT etc)
Formation integrity (eg cap rock integrity, fault reactivation etc)
Studies for clients on fields in:
European continental shelf
Middle East
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Specialist Products
Heavy Oil (Middle East)Thermal coupled simulation of steam injection / heavy oil
Produced Water Re-injection (Far East)Injection of water with unwanted elements
Ensure no breakthrough to other formations or recycling to productionwellsModelling of thermal fracturing geometry critical
Subsea field development (North Sea)Used to define requirement, or not, for intelligent completionon water injector
Coupled Reservoir/Geomechanical
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Coupled Reservoir/GeomechanicalSimulation
Cuttings Re-injectionCollation and review of subsurface geology, formation description
and logging analysis information
Impact of waste physical characteristics on disposal efficiency &slurry rheology QC
Selection of disposal injection zone & disposal well(s)safe containment of waste, well location, disposal fracture size,completion integrity
Injection strategy
Variations on injection hydraulic requirements
pressure increments from the first batch to the estimated last batch
Disposal capacity determination
Can use coupled geomechanical / reservoir simulation if required
Operational procedures and monitoring programmes, plusinterface and supervision of service providers
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Well Completions and Workovers
Dump Flood concept study (North Sea)
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Well Completions and Testing
Artificial lift design and selection (onshoreIndonesia, offshore UK)
Intelligent completions design (offshore UK)
DST design and execution (multiple clients,including offshore UAE and Oman)
Specialist (HPHT) tubular stress analyses (UK,
Africa, Australia)
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Well Completions and Testing
Workover and completion reviewsCompletion design Offshore Oman, Offshore UAE,Onshore Indonesia
Cyclic steam injection review FSU
Hybrid DST/completions (eg offshore UK)ESP workovers subsea and platform (offshore UK)
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Completion / Testing Facilitation
Can facilitate sessions forCWOPs
HAZOP (completions and/or well testing)
Risk register sessionsCompletion and/or testing close out workshops
I d Fi ld S di E l
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Integrated Field Studies Examples
Subsea Field Developments (natural flow and artificially lifted)
performed in conjunction with Well Engineering and SubsurfaceTeams (e.g. Ithaca, Petrofac, Venture, Chrysaor, Gaz de France)Artificial lift selectionComplex ESP system tendering and designCompletions Basis of Design and ProgrammingWell test (DST) design, programming and execution
Heavy Oil Field Development and Basis of Design done inconjunction with Well Engineering and Subsurface Teams (FSU)
Including steam injectionHot ESP completions
CO2 Sequestration (European Continental Shelf)Performance modellingDiscovering limitations of existing software packagesCompletions systems applicability
Wh S P d ti T h l ?
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Why Senergy Production Technology?
Expertise and experienceWorldwide expertise with wide range of experience
Synergy within SenergyWe work with Subsurface Teams, Formation Integrity Team and
Well Engineers
Multidiscipline project specific teams formed routinely to addressspecific client studies
Practical and pragmatic answers
Used to working with minimal dataSpecialist products provides additional niche
S I t f
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Senergy Interfaces
Sub-surface Engineering
GeologyGeophysicsPetrophysicsReservoir Engineering
Well Engineering Planning and
ExecutionWell ConstructionDedicated DrillingPerformance OptimisationTeam
Industry Leading Formation
Integrity TeamGeomechanicsSand ManagementStimulation