Causes and solutions ...

YOUNG STUDENTS IN EUROPE Partners: Istituto Marco Belli di Portogruaro (Italia) -

Instituto de Enseñanza Secudaria Xesús Taboada Chivite di

Verín (Spagna) - VUC di Lyngby, Copenhagen (Danimarca)

Liceo “Marco Belli” di

Portogruaro

Anno scolastico 2012/2013

condition of a lack of work for a person at a working age (16 to 60 years old)

workers looking for employment who cannot find it immediately

due to the falling of production of industries during the year

arises from the imbalance between the type of required work and the people looking for employment

determined by a general lack of work, caused by a drop in demand for goods

The latest ISTAT data on unemployment in Italy:

= increase of the

unemployment rate;

unemployment (15-24 years

old) very high

fell by 80

thousand units (about 0.4% less).

The decrease concerns both male and female

citizens.

• This context includes all the young people who do not

have an occupation. The ESF (European Social Fund) is

responsible for:

young people who have not finished their education

(drop-out)

students of secondary school

young people with qualifications, academics and

graduates

apprentices and people employed under contract job

training

• 2003 data: average unemployment rate in the European

Union, in the age group between 15 and 24 years it was

18%.

• In Italy more than one in four young people are

unemployed (26.8%)

great disparity between the sexes. In 2004,

for example, 13.6 million working men against nearly 9

million women.

less female workers in the industry, yet

increase in the service sector, in high positions, but also

in part-time and fixed-term jobs.

• The ESF finances interventions specifically

targeting women and particularly those:

who are in possession of a diploma hardly

expendable

who want to enter in sectors where they

are under-represented

who want to reintegrate into the labor

market after a period of prolonged

absence

It is one of the four Structural Funds of the European Union

aimed at promoting the harmonious development of the

community and a progressive reduction of disparities

between the citizens and the regions of the Union.

The ESF is the EU's financial instrument designed to support

the European Employment Strategy to prevent and combat

unemployment and to invest in human resources, promoting

a high level of employment and social integration, equality

between men and women and the economic and social

cohesion.

The main objective of the ESF is, therefore, the fight against

unemployment: The ESF aims to train a workforce more

competent and prepared to face the new challenges of the

market and prevent long-term unemployment.

4 characteristics of unemployment (empirical data):

The unemployment rate is not uniform but varies greatly

depending on age, race and level of experience of the

group of individuals considered

In the labor market there is a significant turnover, i.e.

the inflows and outflows are consistent with respect to

the absolute number of employed and unemployed

The turnover is largely tied to the phases of the

business cycle: in fact, layoffs increase during periods of

recession, while the intakes increase during periods of

expansion

The people who lose their jobs largely remain

unemployed for only a short period.

Inflows Outflows

- voluntary

resignation

- redundancies

- layoffs

- entry into the

world of work

- recruitment

- end redundant

- end the job

search (exit from

the labor force)

: population aged 15 and over;

: number of people who claim to be occupied;

: unemployed are those who do not have a job

and who: a) have actively sought work in the last four

weeks b) are waiting to resume service after being

temporarily suspended by reason of redundancy;

: people of working

age, but not belonging to the labor force (they are not

considered unemployed). Among them include, for

example, pensioners, housewives and so-called

"discouraged workers", that is, individuals who have long

since ceased to look for a job.

rate due to normal friction that characterizes

the labor market and which can also be when

it is in equilibrium

Depends from

DURATION OF

UNEMPLOYMENT

FREQUENCY OF

UNEMPLOYMENT

consecutive time

interval during which a person is out of work

is defined as the

average time in which each person remains

unemployed.

Considering the duration of unemployment you can tell if it is a

normal condition in the short term or whether the long-term

unemployment is a widespread problem

Factors

affecting

duration

- The organization of the labor market

- the demographic composition of the

workforce

- the ability and willingness of the

unemployed to continue to look for a

better job (due to unemployment)

how many times on average, in a given period of time,

workers remain unemployed

Factors that

affect the

frequency

- the variability of the demand

for labor by the various

companies operating within the

economic system, the greater

the variability of the demand

for labor by the various

companies, the higher the

unemployment rate

- the growth rate of the labor

force: it is more rapid, the

higher the natural rate of

unemployment

Just like people " ",

so they " "

Loss of freedom and social exclusion