The Presidency of James Monroe (1817-1825)

An “Era of Good Feelings”

Served with Washington at Trenton

Governor of Virginia Member of Articles of

Confederation Congress

Minister to England, France, and Spain

Secretary of State and War

Not an Original or deep thinker

Considered highly honorable and ethical

Last of the Virginia Dynasty and “Knee Britches” Presidents

RESUME and REPUTATION

Era of Good Feelings label comes victory in war, bipartisan bitterness subsides, national pride

Ran unopposed in 1820 and got all but 4 electoral votes

Balanced Cabinet: ◦ John Quincy Adams (northerner) Sec. of State◦ John C. Calhoun(southerner) Sec of War

Post War of 1812

Adams & Calhoun

SECTION 1The Rise of Nationalism

Question:How did the United States settle its land disputes with Great Britain and Spain?

SECTION 1The Rise of Nationalism

Compromise with Great BritainRush-Bagot Agreement Terms:

• limited naval power on the Great Lakes

• gave the United States fishing rights off parts of Newfoundland and Labrador coasts

• established a border between the United States and Canada at the 49th parallel, as far west as the Rockies

• agreed to joint occupation of the Pacific Northwest

Convention of 1818 Terms:

Compromise with SpainAdams-Onis Treaty Terms:

• Spain gave Florida to the United States.

• The United States gave up claims to present-day Texas.

• United States took responsibility for up to $5 million of United States citizens’ claims against Spain.

settled a border dispute in North America between the U.S. and Spain.

Spain ceded Florida U. S. assumed claims of its citizens against

Spain up to $5 million U. S. relinquished claims to Texas Southern boundary of Louisiana Purchase

clarified

Adams-Onis Treaty

The Southeast, 1810-1819

U.S.-British Boundary Settlement, 1818

Prussia, Austria, and Russia formed an alliance to defend monarchism. Sights set on South America

Latin American/Mexican Revolutions British Interests-would cut their trade w/the

region Delivered in state of union address Authored by John Q. Adams

Monroe Doctrine--1823

The United States would not interfere in the affairs of European nations.

The United States would recognize, and not interfere with, countries that already existed in the Americas.

The Western Hemisphere was off-limits to colonization by any foreign power.

The United States would consider any attempt by a European power to colonize or interfere in the Western Hemisphere a hostile act.

The Monroe Doctrine: Four Basic Points

It was not a law It was not meant to bind future Presidents It was “merely a lecture” says John Adams It was not called the Monroe Doctrine until

the 1850’s

What the Doctrine was NOT

THE COMPROMISE YEARS 1820-1854

The Missouri Compromise of 1820

In 1819, Missouri wanted to enter the Union. However, there were already 11 f____ states and 11 s_____ states. Why did Missouri create a problem?

Alabama and Illinois had just been admitted to Union

James Tallmadge of NY proposed that Mo should alter its constitution to be a free state

Objection to 3/5 clause an agreement to count three-fifths of a state's slaves in apportioning Representatives, Presidential electors, and direct taxes.

Henry Clay brokered two compromises

Thomas Amendment of 36-30

“Firebell in the Night” In an April 21 letter to John

Holmes, Thom. Jefferson wrote that the division of the country created by the Compromise line would eventually lead to the destruction of the Union

Difficulty of slavery as an issue in national politics

Missouri Compromise

Missouri Statehood Missouri - applied for statehood in 1819 Balance of free and slave states in question Tallmadge Amendment - limited attempt ot

eliminate slaver in MO - angered southern states Henry Clay (Kentucky) proposed a compromise:

1. MO Admitted as a slaveholding state 2. Maine Admitted as a free state Louisiana Territory - north of 36˚ 30’ N -

slavery prohibited Monroe signed in 1820

THE COMPROMISE YEARS 1820-1854The Missouri Compromise of 1820

Problem #1: If Missouri joined the Union as a _____ state, the South would have ___ senators and the North would only have only ___ senators.

12 southern states=___ senators

11 northern states =___ senators (Each state has two senators)

Missouri & Maine create balance

Improved Relations with Great Britain Florida Acquisition Monroe Doctrine

Monroe’s Foreign Policy

Meaning of Monroe Presidency

Transition from Virginia Dynasty to Tempestuous Politics of 2d Party System

Challenge of slavery issue Territorial Expansion

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