The Present Situation of Environmental Monitoring for Water …hicec/coe/coe/PPT/... ·...

1

The Present Situation of Environmental The Present Situation of Environmental Monitoring for Water Quality Monitoring for Water Quality

in Indonesiain Indonesia

Kazuhiko TANAKAKazuhiko TANAKA

Graduate School for International Development and CooperationGraduate School for International Development and Cooperation

Hiroshima University Hiroshima University

[email protected]

2

Evaluation of Environmental Management Evaluation of Environmental Management Capacity in Indonesia Supported by Capacity in Indonesia Supported by

Japanese GovernmentJapanese Government

3

BackgroundBackground

1. Regional Monitoring Capacity Development project: RMCD (2001) Project supported by JBIC

- Operational organization: Bapedal (Ministry of Environment)- Amount of loan: 2.945billion yen- L/A accept: November, 1994- Completion of loan: December, 2001

The project supplied the following items to laboratories belonging to either Ministry of Health, Ministry of Industry, or Ministry of Public Works

1. Water quality monitoring equipments (39 laboratories in 14 provinces)

2. Air quality and noise monitoring equipments (26 laboratories in 14 provinces)

3. Mobile laboratories (15 laboratories in 15 provinces)4. Training by consulting service (Total 245 staffs)5. Environmental monitoring guidelines

4

Significance and ObjectivesSignificance and Objectives

1. Significance of the JBIC project

- Effective and sustainable environmental management system is much required for sustainable effects of the RMCD project.

- Understanding present conditions and identifying problems in environmental management and laboratories are bases of social environmental management system making.

- To address these issues, an intensive supports from international experts is required.

2. Objectives- Knowledge and technique of operation and maintenance at

local laboratories- Environmental management policy and monitoring plan- Making of social environmental management system

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Selection Criteria of Targeted ProvincesSelection Criteria of Targeted Provinces

Typical provinces of Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi islandsLampung, East Java, and South Sulawesi province were selected as target provincesCharacteristic of environmental problemsEnvironmental management system Current situations of laboratories (policy andplan, resources management, and knowledge and technology)

6

LampungSouth Sulawesi

East Java

Selection of Targeted ProvincesSelection of Targeted Provinces

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Environmental Problems in Provincial Level Environmental Problems in Provincial Level of Indonesiaof Indonesia

Sumatra (Lampung)The river water pollution is gradually increased due to agricultural activities, both occurring in up-stream area and down-stream area.

South Sulawesi (Makkasar)The pollution of domestic wastewater is increasing in the rivers and canal.

East Java (Surabaya)The pollution of urban river water for drinking water use is remarkably increasing due to increased population and economic/industrial activities.

8

Organization FrameworkOrganization Framework

Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC)

Ministry of Environment (KLH)

Joint Venture of Hiroshima University

and Mitsubishi Research Institute Environmental

Management Center (EMC)

University of

Indonesia

Ministry of the Environment

Japan International Cooperation

Agency (JICA)

Local consultant(Sucofindo)

Research group

Supporting organizations in Japan

Supporting organizations in Indonesia

Owner of this project

9

Participants to JBIC ProjectParticipants to JBIC Project

Hiroshima universityHead/Environmental policy and

Management expertDr. Shunji Matsuoka

Environmental instrument expertDr. Kazuhiko Tanaka

Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc.Environmental

policy and Management expertMs. Kei Sugiyama

Operation and Maintenance expertDr. Hiroshi Mori

University of Indonesia

Department of civil engineering Faculty of engineering

Environmental policy andmanagement expert

Dr. Setyo S. Moersidik

Local consultant (Sucofindo)

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Technical Team Member in Lampung Technical Team Member in Lampung

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Firstly, in order to achieve the effective utility of environmental analytical instrument equipments in the public-sector regional laboratories in Indonesia and the data-base construction, the on-site checking of current situation of environmental monitoring operations is carried out for each analytical laboratory.

Secondly, the analytical laboratory performance is comprehensively evaluate in terms of the current conditions of the equipments, frequency of equipment uses, and management for the analytical instrument equipment operation including data control.

ApproachApproach

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Plan Do

Act Check

Scientific grounds Routine monitoring

Assessment & inspection

Environmental Laboratory

Regulation & proposition

PDCA Cycle in Environmental Monitoring PDCA Cycle in Environmental Monitoring LaboratoryLaboratory

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Typical River in LampungTypical River in Lampung

Way Sekampung

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Environmental Monitoring Laboratory Environmental Monitoring Laboratory

Building in LampungBuilding in Lampung

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Water Quality Monitoring Data of Water Quality Monitoring Data of SekampungSekampung--river in Lampungriver in Lampung

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Ave

pH - - 6.89 7.23 7.41 7.12 7.54 7.48 - 7.89 7.26 8.71 7.5

BOD(mg/L) Standard Level (<5) - - 3.6 2.65 6.15 6.5 11.31 7.2 - 10.3 11.23 12.35 7.92

COD(mg/L) Standard Level(<50)

- - 7.9 12.83 16.5 21.6 28.1 14.4 - 20.5 22.35 24.58 18.75

DO(mg/L) Standard Level (>3) - - 2.88 3.96 3.89 3.09 3.12 2.74 - 2.87 2.64 3.17 3.15

Total Disolved Solid (TDS mg/L)Standard Level (<1000)

49.5 62.6 62 96.7 149 175 208 191 230 136

Cyanide (CN) - - 0.005 0.01 0.008 0.011 0.013 <0.004 - 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.01

Basis Data Lingkungan Hidup Daerah Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2005(2006)Propinsi LAMPUNG

(SK-02) Desa Trikora, Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan

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Typical River (Canal) in South SulawesiTypical River (Canal) in South Sulawesi

Canal in Downtown in Makassar

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Environmental Laboratory Building Environmental Laboratory Building in in MakkasarMakkasar

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Water Quality Monitoring Data of Water Quality Monitoring Data of TalloTallo--river river in South Sulawesiin South Sulawesi

The endpoint ofchemistrydisposal

TheManggalaKel. AntangBridge

Thesoundinglead ofPerum

The TelloBridge

ThesampingUMI canal

TheJembatenbridge

pH 6.92 7.04 6.85 6.96 7.2 8BOD 6.07 0.99 2.1 5.44 160 58.5COD 18 3 4.5 17 325 120DO - - - - - -No2-N 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.02No3-N 0.08 0.57 1.25 1 0.08 -NH3-N 0.05 0.35 0.54 2.22 5.45 3.5

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Typical River in SurabayaTypical River in Surabaya

Brantas river (Surabaya river)

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PU Laboratory Building in SurabayaPU Laboratory Building in Surabaya

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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Julu Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec AveBOD 14.7 7.6 11.5 12.1 5.3 4.0 5.9 7.0 5.6 5.7 3.6 3.9 9.4COD 56.5 25.6 23.9 39.8 13.9 11.7 14.6 23.1 15.3 14.7 19.7 20.0 34.8DO 9.3 10.9 12.8 8.4 8.1 7.6 8.8 9.9 7.1 6.9 3.0 5.5 8.3




Jembatan jetis

Waduk Sutami hulu

Bambe Tambangan

Jembatan Plandaan

Water Quality Monitoring Data of Water Quality Monitoring Data of BrantasBrantas--river in Surabayariver in Surabaya

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Performance Evaluation of Environmental Performance Evaluation of Environmental

Monitoring OperationMonitoring Operation

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UVUV--Vis. Spectrophotometer for Determining Several Vis. Spectrophotometer for Determining Several Anions and Anions and CationsCations by by ColorimertyColorimerty with Chemical with Chemical

Reagents at Health Laboratory in SurabayaReagents at Health Laboratory in Surabaya

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Atomic Adsorption Spectrometer for Determining Atomic Adsorption Spectrometer for Determining

Several Metal Ions at Health Laboratory in SurabayaSeveral Metal Ions at Health Laboratory in Surabaya

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Gas Chromatograph for Determining Organic Micro Gas Chromatograph for Determining Organic Micro Pollutants at Health Laboratory in SurabayaPollutants at Health Laboratory in Surabaya

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Total Organic Carbon Analyzer for Determining Organic Total Organic Carbon Analyzer for Determining Organic Matters at Health Laboratory in SurabayaMatters at Health Laboratory in Surabaya

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Electrochemical Sensors for Determining Several Anions Electrochemical Sensors for Determining Several Anions and and CationsCations and Conductivity Meter for Determining Total and Conductivity Meter for Determining Total

Ions at Industrial Laboratory in SurabayaIons at Industrial Laboratory in Surabaya

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Electrochemical Sensor for Determining Dissolved Electrochemical Sensor for Determining Dissolved Oxygen at Industry Laboratory in SurabayaOxygen at Industry Laboratory in Surabaya

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Turbidity Meter for Determining Suspended Turbidity Meter for Determining Suspended

Solids at Health Laboratory in SurabayaSolids at Health Laboratory in Surabaya

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Portable Spectrophotometer and Reactor for Determining Portable Spectrophotometer and Reactor for Determining

COD at Health Laboratory in SurabayaCOD at Health Laboratory in Surabaya

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Portable Water Quality Monitor Using Electrochemical Portable Water Quality Monitor Using Electrochemical Sensors and Colorimeter for Determining Several Water Sensors and Colorimeter for Determining Several Water

Quality Indices at Health Laboratory in Quality Indices at Health Laboratory in MakkasarMakkasar

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Refrigerator for Storing Various Practical Samples at Refrigerator for Storing Various Practical Samples at

Industry Laboratory in SurabayaIndustry Laboratory in Surabaya

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DeDe--ionized Water Supplier for Preparing Standard and ionized Water Supplier for Preparing Standard and

Practical Samples at PU Laboratory in SurabayaPractical Samples at PU Laboratory in Surabaya

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Chemical Stock Room at Health Laboratory Chemical Stock Room at Health Laboratory in in MakkasarMakkasar

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Damaged Data Screen of UVDamaged Data Screen of UV--Vis Spectrophotometer Vis Spectrophotometer Caused by Unstable Electrical Power Supply in LampungCaused by Unstable Electrical Power Supply in Lampung

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Damaged pH glass electrode caused by Damaged pH glass electrode caused by

poor maintenancepoor maintenance

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Rusted Optical Cell Room of UVRusted Optical Cell Room of UV--Vis. Spectrophotometer Vis. Spectrophotometer Caused by Poor Laboratory ManagementCaused by Poor Laboratory Management

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Damaged Filter for Removing Suspended Solids Damaged Filter for Removing Suspended Solids Equipped in DeEquipped in De--ionized Water Supplier Caused ionized Water Supplier Caused

by Poor Laboratory Managementby Poor Laboratory Management

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Damaged IonDamaged Ion--exchange Resin and Activated Carbon exchange Resin and Activated Carbon Columns for Preparing DeColumns for Preparing De--ionized Water Caused by ionized Water Caused by

Poor Laboratory ManagementPoor Laboratory Management

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Dried Insects on Experimental Desk Caused Dried Insects on Experimental Desk Caused

by Poor Room Cleaningby Poor Room Cleaning

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Web on Glass Window Surface of Experimental Room Web on Glass Window Surface of Experimental Room

Caused by Poor Room MaintenanceCaused by Poor Room Maintenance

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Gas Cylinder Bombs in Experimental Room Caused Gas Cylinder Bombs in Experimental Room Caused

by Poor Laboratory Security Managementby Poor Laboratory Security Management

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LaboratoryLaboratory--wastewater Treatment wastewater Treatment Facility in Facility in MakkasarMakkasar

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Disconnected Pipe Between Wastewater Treatment Disconnected Pipe Between Wastewater Treatment Facility and Laboratory Building in Facility and Laboratory Building in MakkasarMakkasar

Caused by Poor Laboratory InfrastructureCaused by Poor Laboratory Infrastructure

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NonNon--working Laboratoryworking Laboratory--wastewater Treatment wastewater Treatment Facility Caused by Poor Maintenance and Facility Caused by Poor Maintenance and

Management in SurabayaManagement in Surabaya

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Actual Water Sample Bottles in Experimental Actual Water Sample Bottles in Experimental Room/stock Room without Cooling Caused by Poor Room/stock Room without Cooling Caused by Poor

Laboratory InfrastructureLaboratory Infrastructure

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Scoring Criteria of Hardware and Software Performance Scoring Criteria of Hardware and Software Performance

of Environmental Monitoring Laboratories in Indonesiaof Environmental Monitoring Laboratories in Indonesia

100-80% satisfied: 5 (very good)

80-60 % satisfied: 4 (good)

60-40 % satisfied: 3 (fair)

40-20 % satisfied: 2 (poor)

20-0 % satisfied: 1 (very poor)

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HardwareHardware--performance Evaluation Score for Each performance Evaluation Score for Each Environmental Analytical Laboratory in IndonesiaEnvironmental Analytical Laboratory in Indonesia

City name Lab.name

UV

-Vis

AA

S

GC

TO

C

pH/IS

E

DO

Conductivity T

urbidity

Turbidity

CO

D

Refrigerator

DW

supplier

Chem

icals

On-side W

ater Quality M

onit

Total score

Average score

Bapedalda Lab. 2 2 - 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 35 2.9

Health (BLK) Lab. 4 2 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 2 4 - 40 3.3

Industry (Indag) Lab. 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 5 5 4 4 4 4 52 4.0

Bapedalda Lab. 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 41 3.2

Health (BBTKL) Lab. 4 4 4 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 43 3.3

Industry (indag) Lab. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Health (BBTKL-PPM) Lab. 5 5 5 5 3 3 4 5 4 4 4 4 - 51 4.3

Industry (Indag) Lab. 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 45 3.5

PU Lab. 2 5 - - 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 39 3.5

Lampung

Makassar

Surabaya

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SoftwareSoftware--performance Evaluation Score for Each performance Evaluation Score for Each Environmental Analytical Laboratory in IndonesiaEnvironmental Analytical Laboratory in Indonesia

3232

City name Lab. name

Laboratory C

leaning

Glass

ware clea

ningwere

man

agem

ent o

f reag

ents

Man

agem

ent o

f con

sum

ed a

nd

reserved ite

ms

Man

agem

ent o

f practical s

am

ple

Man

agem

ent o

f the S

OP

Calibra

tion of instrum

ents

Trou

ble shoo

ting

Trans

action o

f trouble

s

Analytic

al Accurac

y

Training

and e

ducation

Laboratory S

ecurity

Man

agem

ent o

f Man

uals

Total s

core

Averag

e score

Lampung

Bapedalda Lab. 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 25 1.9

Health(BLK) Lab 3 2 2 3 3 1 2 2 3 2 4 4 4 35 2.7

Indus tr y (Indag) Lab. 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 45 3.5

Makkasar

Bapedalda Lab. 2 2 2 2 3 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 3 31 2.4

Health(BLK) Lab 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 38 2.9

Indus tr y (Indag) Lab. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Sur abaya

Health(BBT KL-PPM) Lab 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 56 4.3

Indus tr y (BR SI) Lab. 3 3 4 3 2 1 12

12 2 3 4 3 33 2.5

PU Lab 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 43 3.3

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Relationship Between HardwareRelationship Between Hardware--performance Score performance Score and Softwareand Software--performance Score for Environmental performance Score for Environmental

Monitoring Operation at PublicMonitoring Operation at Public--sector Regional sector Regional Laboratories in IndonesiaLaboratories in Indonesia

y = 0.5689x + 1.828

R2 = 0.8774

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00Software-performance score

Har

dwar

e-pe

rfor

man

ce s

core

scor

e

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Plan Do

Act Check

Scientific grounds Routine monitoring

Assessment & inspection

Environmental Laboratory

Regulation & proposition

PDCA Cycle in Environmental Monitoring PDCA Cycle in Environmental Monitoring LaboratoryLaboratory

Dump or Repair?

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Comments and Suggestions for Enhancing Comments and Suggestions for Enhancing Performance of Analytical Laboratory Operation Performance of Analytical Laboratory Operation

for Environmental Monitoringfor Environmental Monitoring

To enhance hardware-performance:• Power supply of stabilized electricity • Maintenance of electrochemical sensors such as pH, Ion-selective, and DO

electrodes Maintenance of experimental laboratory apparatus such as refrigerator, furnace, and glass ware

• Rapid response to repairing of the analytical instrument equipments• Stocks of consumable and reserved items of analytical instrument

equipments • Introduction of advanced water quality monitor →”Ion Chromatography”

To enhance software-performance• Clean-up inside experimental room • Action of SOP. of data control • Action of calibration for analytical instrument equipment operation • Increased budget for laboratory infrastructure and man-power• Increased budget for laboratory maintenance for hardware• Action of periodical training and education for analytical chemistry and

environmental sciences• Accessibility to academic information data-base through internet or e-library• Action of “Round Robin Test” to evaluate analytical monitoring operation

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Important Parameters for Evaluating Important Parameters for Evaluating Environmental Water QualityEnvironmental Water Quality

• Anions (SO42-, NO3

-, Cl-)

• Cations (Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+)

• Acidity(H+)

• Alkalinity(HCO3-，OH-)

• Others (Silicate, Phosphate, Carboxylates)

*Ionic Balance = ([Anions]/[Cations]) =1

[K.Tanaka et al.: Encyclopedia of Separation Sciences: III/Ion Exclusion Chromatography, ”Liquid Chromatography”, (2000)(Academic press, London UK)]

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Original paperOriginal paper11. J. Chromatogr. A: 671, 239 (1994); 713, 179 (1996); 739, 359 (1996); 752, 167 (1996); 770, 219 (1997); 782, 33 (1997); 804, 87 (1998); 850, 79

(1999); 850, 311 (1999); 850, 187 (1999); 850, 17 (1999); 850, 79 (1999); 850, 161 (1999); 850, 229 (1999); 850, 177 (1999); 850, 17 (1999); 884, 167 (2000); 884, 93 (2000); 884, 61 (2000); 884, 123 (2000); 884, 161 (2000); 920, 109 (2001); 920, 173 (2001); 920, 239 (2001); 929, 95 (2001); 956, 53 (2002); 956, 103 (2002); 956, 139 (2002); 956, 201 (2002); 956, 209 (2002); 997, 65 (2003); 997, 127 (2003); 997, 133 (2003); 997, 139 (2003); 997, 219 (2003); 997, 180 (2003), 997, 183 (2003); 997, 237 (2003); 997, 191 (2003); 1023, 239(2004; 1026,191(2004); 1039, 159, (2004); 1039, 29 (2004); 1039, 141 (2004); 1041, 95 (2004); 1092 250 (2005); 1092, 280 (2005); 1118, 51 (2006)

2. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.(Anal. Bioanal. Chem.): 367, 56 (1999); 367, 241 (2000); 370, 399 (2000); 368, 791 (2000) ; 370, 426 (2001); 370, 48 (2001); 371, 1109 (2001) 374, 75 (2002) 375, 259 (2003)

3. Analyst: 124, 505 (1999); 125, 241 (2000; 125, 447 (2000); 125, 1453 (2000); 125, 1799 (2000); 125, 2160 (2000); 126, 821 (2001); 126, 567 (2001); 128, 555 (2003); 129, 565 (2004)

4. J. Liq. Chromatogr.& Rel. Technol.: 24, 3105 (2001)

5. Chromatographia: 53, 81 (2000); 56, 449 (2002); 56, 449 (2002); 57, 19 (2003); 57, 751(2003)

6. Ind. Water: 452, 38 (1996), 475, 12 (1996); 481, 1 (1998); 505, 1 (2000); 529, 25 (2002); 541, 19 (2003); 554, 14 (2004) ; 565 47(2005); 571, 61 (2006)

7. Bunseki Kagaku: 43, 145 (1994), 43, 471 (1994), 43, 1087 (1994), 44, 713 (1995), 52, 1173 (2003) ; 53, 1481 (2004) ; 55, 275 (2006)

8. Anal. Chim. Acta: 359, 255 (1998); 373 ,189 (1998); 381, 265 (1999); 474, 31 (2002)

9. Anal. Chem.: 71, 1617 (1999)

10. Anal. Commu.: 36, 97 (1999); 36, 309 (1999)

11. Anal. Sci.: 17, 1225 (2002); 17, 1401 (2002); 18, 1183 (2002); 18, 1383 (2002); 21, 121 (2005); 22, 117 (2006)

12.12. TalantaTalanta: : 70, 169 (2006); 70, 174 (2006) 70, 169 (2006); 70, 174 (2006)

13.13. ActaActa ChromatogrChromatogr.: .: 15, 66 (2005);15, 66 (2005); 15, 247 (2005);15, 247 (2005); 16, 28 (2006)16, 28 (2006)

Review and bookReview and book1. Trends in Anal. Chem.: 15, 266 (1996); 20, 330 (2001)

2. Am. Environ. Lab.: 7(2), 30 (1995)

3. Encyclopedia of Separation Sciences, Liquid Chromatography:Ion Exclusion Chromatography (2000) (Academic Press, London, UK.)

Major Published Papers Related to Water Quality Monitoring byMajor Published Papers Related to Water Quality Monitoring byAdvanced Ion Chromatography between 1994Advanced Ion Chromatography between 1994--20062006

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Conventional and Portable Ion Chromatographs Used Conventional and Portable Ion Chromatographs Used for Water Quality Monitoringfor Water Quality Monitoring

Shimadzu (HPLC-CD, UV, MS) Tosoh (HPLC-CD, UV) Dionex (IC-CD)

Tosoh (IC-CD)

Shimadzu ( ICShimadzu ( IC--CD)CD) Asahi Asahi TechneionTechneion (IC(IC--CD)CD)

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High Speed and Simultaneous Monitoring of Anions and Cations in Rain (A) and River (B)

Waters by Advanced Ion Chromatography

1=SO4422--, 2=Cl-, 3=NO3

--, 4=dip, 5=Na++, 6=NH44++, 7=K++ , 8=Mg2+2+, 9=Ca2+2+

[K.Tanaka et al.: J.Chromatogr. A, 997, 219 (2003)]

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Simultaneous Monitoring of Anions and Simultaneous Monitoring of Anions and CationsCationsUsing a PortableUsing a Portable--type Ion Chromatograph for type Ion Chromatograph for

OnOn--site Water Quality Monitoringsite Water Quality Monitoring

1=SO1=SO4422--, 2=, 2=ClCl--, 3=NO, 3=NO33

--, 4=dip, 5=Na, 4=dip, 5=Na++, , 6=NH6=NH44

++, 7=K, 7=K++ , 8=Mg, 8=Mg2+2+, 9=Ca, 9=Ca2+2+

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Acid Rain Monitor on Auto at Skiing Site

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Applications to Several Practical Water SamplesApplications to Several Practical Water Samples

(A) = Rain water

(B) = River water

(C) = Tap water-1000

0

1000

0 100 200 300

Time (sec)

Response (

μS

)

1

2

3

4

5

7 86

(A)

-3000

0

3000

0 100 200 300

Time (sec)

Resp

onse

(μ

S)

1

2

3

4

6

7

8

(B)

-3000

0

3000

0 100 200 300

Time (sec)

Resp

onse

(μ

S)

1

2

3

4

67

8

（C)

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Simultaneous Monitoring of Phosphate (1) and Silicate (2) ions by Advanced Ion Chromatography

with UV-detection

[K.Tanaka et al.: Anal. Sci., 22, 117 (2006)]

1

2

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Acidity Monitoring by Advanced Ion ChromatographyAcidity Monitoring by Advanced Ion Chromatography


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High Speed Monitoring of Alkalinity (Buffering High Speed Monitoring of Alkalinity (Buffering Capacity) by Advanced Ion ChromatographyCapacity) by Advanced Ion Chromatography


(A) Rain water at pH 4.21(B) River water at pH 7.21

Peak 2 is HCO3-

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A

D

SamplingSampling Sites in Kurose-river Watershed

F

Kure City

Higashi-hiroshimaCity

B

CC

E

GGHiroshima University

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A : Upper-stream

D : Mid-stream

F : Down-stream

1 = SO42- , 2 = Cl- , 3 = NO3

- , 4 = Na+

5 = NH4+ , 6 = K+ , 7 = Mg2+ , 8 = Ca2+

0 5 10 Time [min]

0 5 10 Time [min]

0 5 10 Time [min]

Typical IEC/CEC Chromatograms of KuroseTypical IEC/CEC Chromatograms of Kurose--river Watersriver Waters

A D

F

50

0.0

- 40

50

0.0

- 40

50

0.0

- 40

12

46 7 8

12

3

4

5 6 7

8Eluent-dip

1

2

3

4

6 7

8

Eluent-dip

Eluent-dip

[μS

]C

on

du

ctiv

ity

[μS

]C

on

du

ctiv

ity

[μS

]C

on

du

ctiv

ity

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Analytical Results for Water Quality of Analytical Results for Water Quality of KuroseKurose--river Watershedriver Watershed

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

A B C D E F

Sampling point

Ca2+

Mg2+

K+

NH4+

Na+

NO3-

Cl-

SO42-

Co

ncn

. of

anio

ns

and

cat

ion

s[m

M]

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GIS Data Integration

Reference Data:Geological Meteorological ChemicalPhysical Ecological

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HajiHaji Dam WatershedDam Watershed

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ChemicalChemical--GIS of GIS of HajiHaji Dam Watershed Obtained Dam Watershed Obtained Using Advanced Ion ChromatographyUsing Advanced Ion Chromatography

Conductivity Cl- Na+

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1) Talanta, 70, 169 (2006).

2) Talanta, 70, 174 (2006).

3) J. Chromatogr. A, 1118, 41 (2006).

4) J. Chromatogr. A, 1118, 51 (2006).

5) Bunseki Kagaku, 55, 275 (2006).

6) Acta Chromatograhica, 16, 28 (2006) .

7) J. Ceramic Soc. Jpn., 114, 838 (2006).

8) J. Ceramic Soc. Jpn., 115, 151 (2006).

9) Proc. of 23rd International Korea-Japan Seminar on ceramics,115 (2006) .

10) Ind. Water，571, 61 (2006) .

11) Material Sci. Forum, 510-511, 22 (2006) .

Published Papers Relating to COE Program on FY2006

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Thanks for Your AttentionThanks for Your Attention

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