The Potential Reducing of GHG Emission from Palm Oil Plantation and Mill in The Contribution of National Target

Vita Dhian Lelyana1, Mugiyanto2 Agus Haryanto3

1 Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute

2 PT. London Sumatra Indonesia Tbk

3 Lampung University

Background

Indonesian government commitment to emission reduction by 26% from BAU from own initiatives and to reduction 41% with international support in 2020.

Based on Indonesia’s First Biennial Update Report (BUR) submitted to UNFCC in January 2016, national GHG emissions was 1.453 GtCO2eq in 2012. The main contributing sectors were LUCF including peat fires (47.8%) and energy (34,9%).

Indonesian GHG Emission Reduction Target in 2020

Sustainability Presidential Regulation No 61/2011 as National Action Plan for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction (RAN-GRK)

Palm oil industry can supports reduction emission target to the sectors of energy, agriculture, and waste in setting up mitigation activities.

Indonesian Palm Oil Industry Profile

Palm oil is a strategic commodity which contribute to the national income, employement, and regional development

More than 750 mills

GHG in Palm Oil Industry

GHG emissions from palm oil production categories as follow :

1. Emissions arising from operation during oil palm growing and FFB processing • Emissions related to the use of fossil fuels

for plantation internal transport and machinery,

• Emissions related to the use of fertilizers, • Emissions related to the use of fuels in the

palm oil mill and the use of palm oil mill by-products

• Emissions from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)

2. Emissions arising from changes in carbon stock, during the development of new plantation

Purpose of The Study

1. Develop tools/software to calculate GHG emission • GHG estimation calculation • Emission factors used as default values are derived from international

agreements such as IPCC, journals and other scientific publications. • Emission factor for electric fuel, power source grid,

• Emission factor for fertilizer,

• Energy conversion for palm solid waste,

• Parameters for methane gas from palm oil mill effluent,

• Evaporation of each province.

• Unit of calculation is tonne CO2 eq per tonne product

2. Data Collection from plantation and mill • Questionnaire to plantations and mills • GHG Calculation not including emission from indirect land use change

Data Activity Collection

Data Questionnaire (Example-plantation)

Data Questionnaire (Example-mill)

Data Collection

Total sample 43 plantations and mills Provinces :

1) Aceh 2) Sumatera Utara 3) Riau 4) Sumatera Barat 5) Bengkulu

6) Sumatera Selatan

7) Kalimantan Timur

8) Kalimantan Selatan

9) Kalimantan Tengah

10) Sulawesi Barat

Bussiness as Usual (BAU) and Actual Scenario Mitigation

Baseline dan Scenario Mitigation Number of Data

Lagoon + water body discharge 4

Composting + Land Application 4

Land Application + Mulching 28

Land Application + EFB Dumped 4

Methane Capture + LA + Mulching 3

Total 43

• The Baseline is no mitigation action. Baseline for plantation is using chemical fertilizer, while baseline for mill is POME discharged into water body and solid waste is dumped.

• The emission calculation for each plantation and mill is compared with their own baseline and actual mitigation some plantation and mill have different standard

Calculation Overview (Example) – Composting + Land Application

Actual BAU Actual BAU Actual BAU

1 Perubahan Lahan - - - - - -

2 Total penggunaan energy untuk operasional (excl. transport TBS dan perumahan) 336,037 336,037 1,852 1,852 - -

3 Total penggunaan Oli/Pelumas - - - - - -

- - - - - -

4 Pemeliharaan Tanaman Belum Menghasilkan - - - - - -

a Pemupukan pupuk anorganik pada TBM 137,807 137,807 - - - -

b Pemupukan organik (mulsa) pada TBM - - - - - -

c Pemupukan organik (Kompos/Enrich Mulch) pada TBM - - - - - -

d Pemupukan organik (Solid/Decanter/WDS) pada TBM - - - - - -

e Pemupukan organik (Land Application) pada TBM - - - - - -

f Pengendalian hama pada TBM 5,660 5,660 - - - -

g Penggunaan energy untuk operasional TBM (excl. transport TBS dan perumahan) 0,112 0,112 - - - -

h Penggunaan oli/pelumas pada TBM - - - - - -

Sub total 143,579 143,579 - - - -

5 Pemeliharaan pemanenan Tanaman Menghasilkan - - - - - -

a Pemupukan pupuk anorganik pada TM 8.482,769 9.201,214 - - - -

b Pemupukan organik (mulsa) pada TM - - - - - -

c Pemupukan organik (Kompos/Enrich Mulch) pada TM (718,446) - - - - -

d Pemupukan organik (Solid/Decanter/WDS) pada TM - - - - - -

e Pemupukan organik (Land Application) pada TM - - - - - -

f Pengendalian hama pada TM 34,156 34,156 - - - -

g Transportasi buah (Produksi) 3.324,001 3.324,001 0,000 0,000 - -

h Penggunaan energy untuk operasional TM (excl. transport TBS dan perumahan) 335,925 335,925 1,852 1,852 - -

i Penggunaan oli/pelumas pada TM - - - - - -

Sub total 12.176,850 12.895,296 1,852 1,852 - -

Grand total 12.320,429 13.038,875 1,852 1,852 - - Beban Lingkungan (Ton/ton produk (TBS) per tahun) 0,072 0,076 0,000 0,000 - -

0,315 0,315 - - - -

1,506 1,595 0,000 0,000 - -

1,443 1,527 0,000 0,000 - -

Beban Lingkungan (Ton/Ha TM per tahun)

Beban Lingkungan (Ton/Ha Total per tahun)

No Diskripsi Total Kebun Penyuplai

Pemanasan globalton-CO2eq

Acidifikasi ton-SO2eq

Eutrofikasiton

Beban Lingkungan (Ton/Ha TBM per tahun)

Calculation Overview (Example) – Composting + Land Application

GHG emission : BAU : 0.87 tonne CO2 eq/tonne CPO Mitigation : 0.31 tonne CO2 eq/tonne CPO

Summary Result

Item Unit Compost + Land

Application

Land

Application +

Mulching

Land

Application +

Disposal

Methane Capture

+ LA + Mulching

Lagoon +

Water body

GHG Emission Baseline tonne CO2 eq per

tonne product 0,89 0,95 1,06 1,22 0,82

GHG Emission Scenario tonne CO2 eq per

tonne product 0,44 0,78 0,95 0,75 0,72

• The result is average from GHG emission calculation from each scenario mitigation

• Compost and land application produce lowest emission compared to other scenario

GHG Emission and Reduction Target Province North Sumatra

Source : http://www.forda-mof.org/files/Komitmen_Sumut_Perubahan_Iklim.pdf

Implementation – case North Sumatra

Implementation – case North Sumatra • Total FFB production in North Sumatra, 2016 = 4.959.127 ton

• Emission Baseline 2020 Agriculture Sector = 11.727.942,2 ton CO2eq

• GHG mitigation 2020 Agriculture Sector = 5.183.979,0 ton CO2 eq

• Number of mills = 116 units

• Mill Capacity = 12.200.000 ton per year

• The emission reduction target can reach if all the mill applied scenario mitigation methane capture + land application + mulching

Item Unit Compost + Land

Application

Land

Application +

Mulching

Land

Application +

Dumped

Methane Capture

+ LA + Mulching

Lagoon +

Water body

Total FFB production tonne 4.959.127 4.959.127 4.959.127 4.959.127 4.959.127

GHG Emission Baseline tonne CO2 eq per

tonne product 0,89 0,95 1,06 1,22 0,82

GHG Emission Scenario tonne CO2 eq per

tonne product 0,44 0,78 0,95 0,75 0,72

Total Emission Baseline tonne CO2 eq 4.425.346 4.702.673 5.239.652 6.069.512 4.086.607

Total Emission Scenario tonne CO2 eq 2.201.852 3.887.956 4.695.211 3.696.390 3.591.304

Emission Reduction tonne CO2 eq 2.223.494 814.717 544.441 2.373.122 495.303

Conclusion

• The accuracy of data collection is very important in order to obtain the appropriate GHG calculation, therefore data verification is necessary.

• The tools need to be more enhanced

• The results shows that each scenario mitigation gives real GHG emission reduction

• Palm oil industry can contribute to reduction emission from agriculture and waste sector

• National emission reduction targets can be achieved through changes in liquid and solid waste processing technology in the palm oil industry.

Acknowledgement

• This work is supported by BPDP KS Grant Research

• Collaboration research

Thank You