The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations
description
Transcript of The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations
![Page 1: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations
Joseph E. MeansForest Science Department
Oregon State UniversityKenneth C. Winterberger
PNW Research Station
![Page 2: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Talk Outline
Introduction to airborne scanning lidarCapital Forest Lidar StudyOther uses of lidar in forestryA plan for integrating lidar into FIA estimation procedures
![Page 3: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Airplane cartoon
![Page 4: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Transect 700m Wide
![Page 5: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Transect Closer
![Page 6: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Footprint Pattern
![Page 7: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Footprints Close-up
![Page 8: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Point Cloud
![Page 9: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Apparent in Point Clouds
TopographyVegetation heightCanopy depthUnderstory or lackIndividual crowns
![Page 10: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Multiple Return TechnologyMultiple Return Technology
Dave Harding, Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland
![Page 11: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Capital Forest Lidar Study
Joseph E. Means, Forest Science, OSUKen Winterberger, PNW, Anchorage, AKDavid Marshall, PNW, Olympia, WAHans Andersen, Coll. For., Univ. Wash.
![Page 12: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Capital Forest Lidar Study
South of Olympia, Site Class 1 & 2 Douglas-fir
At Blue Ridge Site of Silvicultural Options Study
Lidar research cooperatively supported by FIA $38,000, RSAC $10,000, OSU $45,000Lidar Data flown by Aerotec, courtesy of Steve Reutebuch, PNW SeattlePlot data from Dave Marshall, PNW, Olympia (92), Ken Winterberger (9), Hans Andersen, UW (6)
![Page 13: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Orthophoto Overview
![Page 14: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Goals for Plot EstimatesDevelop the capability to estimate plot features using lidar data:
HeightCanopy coverBasal areaCubic volumeTree biomass
Additional equations were developed for:
Stocking densityStand Density Index
![Page 15: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Goals for Mean Tree Estimates
Develop the capability to predict means & standard errors:
Height & Lorey heightDBH & Quadratic mean DBHBasal areaVolumeBiomass
![Page 16: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Aerotec DEM & DTM Problems
Canopy DEM had too-low elevationsDTM elevations were above many lidar last returns
![Page 17: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Aerotec Canopy DEM Hole
![Page 18: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
New Capital Forest Canopy DEM – No Hole
![Page 19: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Aerotec ground DTM too high
![Page 20: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Comparison of DTMs: 1st return errors
Average number of negative heights (% in parens)
Average height discrepancy(cm)
Maximum height discrepancy(cm)
New DTM 118 (5%) -8 -20
Aerotec 1999 DTM 388 (17%) -18 -70
![Page 21: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
New Capital Forest Canopy DEM
![Page 22: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
New Capital Forest Ground DTM
![Page 23: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
3_D Capital Forest
![Page 24: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Bare Ground/Canopy
![Page 25: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Vegetation Height, Capital Forest
![Page 26: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Canopy Cover @ 1 m Height
![Page 27: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Goals for Plot EstimatesDevelop the capability to estimate plot features using lidar data:
HeightCanopy coverBasal areaCubic volumeTree biomass
Additional equations were developed for:
Stocking densityStand Density Index
![Page 28: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Lorey Height
![Page 29: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Volume
![Page 30: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Tree Biomass
![Page 31: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Stocking Density
![Page 32: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Stand Density Index
![Page 33: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Goals for Mean Tree Estimates
Develop the capability to predict means & standard errors:
Height & Lorey height (same as plot averages)DBH & Quadratic mean DBHBasal areaVolumeBiomass
![Page 34: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Height Std. Dev.
![Page 35: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Diameter (quadratic mean)
![Page 36: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Diameter (Quadratic mean) Std. Dev.
![Page 37: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
HJ Andrews Lidar Paper – ERDAS Award
ERDAS Award for Best Scientific Paper in Remote Sensing 3rd Place, 2001
American Society of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing
Means, J.E., S.A. Acker, B.J. Fitt, M. Renslow, L. Emerson, and C. Hendrix. 2000. Predicting forest stand characteristics with airborne scanning lidar. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 66(11):1367-1371.
![Page 38: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Additions to FIA Presentation
![Page 39: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
LHP-FHP-Tree Characteristics Links
LHP (Laser Height Profile)
FHP (Foliage Height Profile)
Tree & Plot Characteristics
Lidar measures &Multiple regression
Not mechanisticLimited applicabilityRisk of over-fitting
![Page 40: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
How mult regression with many potential predictors
works
Height percentiles are cumulative upwardsCover percentiles are cumulative downwards
![Page 41: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
LHP Ht%ile Cov%ile
![Page 42: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Mult Regress pulls info out of LHP
LHP -> Tree & Plot CharacteristicsCan be described quantitatively by multiple regression
Interaction of predictors and coefficients (+/-) allows “best” transformation of LHP to be used
![Page 43: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
LHP-CHP-Tree Characteristics Links
LHP FHP
Tree & Plot Characteristics
Beers Law k=1
Statistical link functionMagnussen, et al 1999height only, distribution
Few places with foliageheight profiles
Lidar measures &Multiple regression
Not mechanisticLimited applicabilityRisk of over-fitting
Moment armMechanistic modelGives bole taperIndividual tree
![Page 44: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Understanding relationships between
LHP <-> tree characteristic
We can describe quantitatively:LHP -> Mean height for Douglas-fir in B.C. Applicable to other monocultures. Magnussen, et al. 1999
We cannot describe quantitatively:LHP -> FHPIs possible in very few places where have measured vertical distribution of foliage
![Page 45: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Understanding relationships between
LHP -> tree characteristicLHP -> FHP
Cannot describe quantitatively or mechanistically except at a very few places where know vertical foliage distribution
LHP -> Tree & plot characteristics (DBH, BA, volume, biomass, TPH, SDI)
Cannot describe mechanistically except for individual trees with complete foliage distribution using moment arm model. Potential to expand to all spp.
![Page 46: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Long-Range Plan
Mechanistic models estimate FHP and Tree & Plot characteristicsWhen needed, estimate species groups with limited ground plot data and multi-temporal ETM+
![Page 48: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
LHP-CHP-Tree Characteristics Links
LHP FHP
Tree & Plot Characteristics
Statistical link functionMagnussen, et al 1999height only, distribution
Use foliage height profiles to estimate FHP with extinction
coefficient that varies with depth
Lidar measures &Multiple regression
Not mechanisticLimited applicabilityRisk of over-fitting
Moment armMechanistic modelGives bole taperIndividual tree
By species groupdistribution of crown shapes
![Page 49: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Lidar Uses: Stand StructureAccurate inventories at the stand level:
HeightDBHVolumeSite index, with knowledge of stand ageForm factor *
Parameterize stand growth modelsDiameter distributions, Height distributions ** = Work is needed
Leaf Area (r2 = .8 to .9)
![Page 50: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Cougar Reservoir StandsYoung Stand Thinning and Diversity
Study
![Page 51: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Cougar Reservoir StandsYoung Stand Thinning and Diversity Study
Vegetation height [0 – 80 meters]
![Page 52: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Cougar Reservoir StandsYoung Stand Thinning and Diversity StudyCover percent at 15 meters above ground
![Page 53: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Cougar Reservoir StandsYoung Stand Thinning and Diversity
StudyWood volume [0 – 1000 m3/ha]
![Page 54: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
More work needed for first draft from here on
![Page 55: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Lidar Uses: Streams & WatershedsRiparian forest structure:
Stream shading -> stream temperature modelingInput to models of woody debris input to streams*Inventory in riparian zones
Valley floor topographyChannel width, bank incision*, stream gradient, terraces, fans, side channels
Fine-scale watershed structureDepth of road prism cuts, headwall basin size-gradient-locations, small gullies*Input to models of soil and regolith depth, modeling of watershed hydrology, canopy water retention & buffering*
* = Research is needed
![Page 56: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Aerial PhotographAerial Photograph
SBG NW FORETRY PROJECT - FLOWN JULY, 1996 - 1:32 000 SCALE
![Page 58: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
TIN of First SurfaceTIN of First Surface
![Page 59: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
TIN of Understory & Bare TIN of Understory & Bare EarthEarth
![Page 60: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
3-D Fuels Mapping
Live fuels mappingCanopy heightCanopy depth *Understory vegetation height, cover *Vertical distribution of ladder fuels *Turn around in a few hours *Distinguish species, live vs. dead when integrate with multi-spectral data* = Work is needed to develop system
![Page 61: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Weyerhaeuser Springfield Tree Farm Lidar Study
DTM [650-1010 m elevation]
![Page 63: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Weyerhaeuser Springfield Tree Farm Lidar Study
Vegetation height [0 - 40 meters]
![Page 64: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Weyerhaeuser Springfield Tree FarmLidar Study, South Site
![Page 65: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Weyco Lidar Study, South Site
![Page 66: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Wildlife Habitat Applications
Vegetation cover, height, tree size, density at different levels above ground, canopy depthUnderstory plant composition based on
Stand structure, light environment, topographyDistance from water, roads
For gaps and patches of dense vegetationSizes, shapes, height above ground, connectedness, location
![Page 67: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
The View Inside: Transects
Show vertical canopy profiles
Show understory gaps in canopy & fuels
![Page 68: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
A Progressive Study:Can Lidar be Profitably Used by
FIA? Winter & Spring:
Slope correctionPublish slope & Capital Forest papersIf slope correction successful then plan for lidar flight in summerStand-level estimates and SE’s
![Page 69: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Summer: lidar flight to start study to answer questions:
Species groups & species separations:Conifer & broadleaved separation using intensity of 1st returnsUnderstory tree characteristics from canopy height profile
Statistics of lidar-based stand-level & sub-regional level estimatesDiam, ht & vol distributions
![Page 70: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Cougar Reservoir Stands,Transect Locations
![Page 71: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Cougar Res. StandsTransect Northwest, N-S
![Page 72: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Cougar Res. StandsTransect Northeast, N-S
![Page 73: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Cougar Res. StandsTransect Southeast, E-W
![Page 74: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
The View Inside: Layers
Show relative density of canopy layers
![Page 75: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Cougar Res. StandsTransect Southeast, N-S
![Page 76: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Cougar Res. StandsLayer 0-10 m
![Page 77: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Cougar Res. StandsLayer 10-20 m
![Page 78: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Cougar Res. StandsLayer 20-30 m
![Page 79: The Potential for Integration of Lidar into FIA Operations](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070414/56814dd4550346895dbb3830/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)