The possibilities of thesolar PV penetration in the distribution system.

iDistributedPV

Lucía Dólera

idistributedpv@appa.es

Cost Effective O&M Strategies in European PV Market

Amsterdam - The Netherlands, 23rd January 2019

2

iDistributedPVObjetive & Scope

Initiative funded by the H2020 program of the EU aimed

to ease the installation of large-scale distributed solar PV

generation. Its scope includes:

Regulatory framework and business enviroment

review of the EU countries.

Development of approaches for sizing optimally

prosumer PV installations (solutions).

Assess the impact of these solutions in the electric

system.

Propose business models.

iDistributedPV

The Project and the Consortium

• “A “solution” in the context of the iDistributedPV project

refers to a combination of a PV system and a load

which is connected to the distribution grid, optionally

supplemented by a battery system and/or demand side

management technology.

• A solution is also specified by the application in which

the system is operated (e.g. apartment building).

• The solutions encompass all sizes (e.g. a small PV

home storage system for own consumption increase or

large scale PV system on a retailer company’s roof), as

long as the generated electricity is (partially)

consumed on site.”

iDistributedPV

Definition

Solution Sub-solution

1 homeowner - single family house

2 company as investor e.g. company, office building, hotel, supermarket, farm…

3 contractor concepte.g. company, office building, shopping mall, hotel,

supermarket, farm…

4municipal buildings

(state as investor)e.g. schools, hospitals

5 controllable loade.g. water pumping (with a water tank as storage), EV

charging

6multi-family house

(investor sells electricity to tenants)

7community storage

(shared storage)

8 virtual power plant e.g. peer-to-peer, energy wholesale market

iDistributedPV

Overview

6

Distributed

SOLAR PV : Prosumer

Wholesale

electricity

market (pool)

Electricity

(exported)

€

Red Eléctrica (DSO)

Retail market

Grid

(DSO)

Electricity

(imported)

€

Consumers who generate their own electricity (in this case with

photovoltaic solar equipment) to attend their demand

Depending on the price signals, surpluses are stored for later

consumption or exported to the system.

AgregatorTrading company

Distributed Solar GenerationThe prosumer

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Appropiate dimensioning of the solution components according to the

production profile and the demand pattern (and their volatilities), and

the technical characteristics of the storage systems, and the retail and

wholesale electricity market prices.

Distributed solar generationThe solution sizing (Solar PV + storage+ active demand management)

Renewable production:

Electricity flows and

economic flows

Selfconsumptium

Performance of the

solution

IRR of the project

Environmental impact

Sizing the solution based on

the simulation

Renovable

production

profile

Storage systems

characteristics

Demand

profile

Objetive of

renewable

consumption

Price of

electricity in the

market

Objective of return

on investment

Active demand

management

How to

integrate

Investment and

Costs

O&M

Price of

electricity rates

8

Simulation of 8,760 hours of operation during the lifetime

of the generation equipment: generation, demand, market

prices and storage device

Dynamic Study:

2.000

simulations

lSim

ula

tion

exam

ple

Distributed Solar GenerationSizing the solution.

9

Sim

ula

tion

exam

ple

Cash flow

Distributed Solar GenerationSizing the solution

10

Distributed Solar GenerationSizing the solution: results

Business with daytime activity during the week

and on weekends little activity

Annual comsuption: 197 MWh

Tariff 3.0

Investment: 1.000 €/kW in the

PV installation and 600 €/kWh

for the storage device

Residential

Annual comsuption: 6,27 MWh

Tariff: 2.0DHS

Hospital

Annual comsuption: 18 GW

Tariff: 3.1A

2 2,5 3 6

0

Case 2.5

12,63%

Case 2.7

11,09%

Case 2.6

9,93%

Case 2.8

6,25%

1

Case 2.4

5,09%

2

Case 2.1

6,00%

Case 2.2

5,50%

3

Case 2.3

4,34%Sto

rage

Cap

acit

y (k

Wh

)

Internal Rate of

Return

Generation Capacity (kW)

200 400 500 800 900 1000

0

Case 4.8

9,22%

Case 4.3

9,24%

50

Case 4.5

8,45%

100

Case 4.2

8,05%

Case 4.7

8.56%

200

Case 4.6

7,79%

500

Case 4.1

6,60%

600

Case 4.4

0,35%

Internal Rate of

ReturnSt

ora

ge C

apac

ity

(kW

h)

Generation Capacity (kW)

10 20 30 40 50 60

10,5

Case 1.2

8,15%

Case 1.6

9,15%

Case 1.4

8,68%

15

Case 1.7

8,05%

20

Case 1.8

3,34%

24

Case 1.1

7,5%

30

Case 1.3

6,17%

Case 1.5

7,44%

Sto

rage

Cap

acit

y (k

Wh

)

Internal Rate of

Return

Generation Capacity (kW)

11

A1

B1

A2 A3

B2 B3

Impact of distributed electrical generationGrid Model

Assessment of the impact that

these type of solutions have in

the reliability of the system.

Using a electricity flow simulation

tool and a grid model.

Main aspects to evaluate are:

Voltage Control

Load circuits level control

Frecuency Control

Distributed

solar PV

Transmission

system

Distribution

Distribution

Distribution

Distribution

Distribution

Distributed

solar PV

Distributed

solar PV

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Impact of distributed generation in the electrical systemAnalysis

Large scale penetration in one node Large scale penetration in the

system (massive integration)

Distributed

solar PV

Transmission system

Distribution

Distributed

solar PV

Transmission

system

Distribution

Distribution

Distribution

Distribution

Distribution

Distributed

solar PV

Distributed

solar PV

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Distributed generation impact on the electric system.Static Analysis

Example analyzed:

System demand:

40.807 MW

Demand in the

circuits in which

the solar PV power

is installed: 3.821

MW

PV Power: 776 MW

in 44 nodes

Results, the system converges:

Reducing losses of the system in

71.9 MW: 52.1 MW in transport and

19.8 MW in distribution.

Reducing the burden of circuits:

0.74% in transport and 6.45%

analyzed distribution network

Improve the control of voltage in

distribution circuits: voltage reduced

its volatility focusing on the reference

values.

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49.4

49.5

49.6

49.7

49.8

49.9

50.0

50.1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Freq

uen

cy (H

z)

Time (s)

Without battery

With battery

The image above shows the response of the system to the sudden addition of a

load of 250 MW in the previous distribution network (Madrid).

It is observed that the addition of storage with a capacity of 80 MWh and a

maximum power of 60 MW improves the behavior of the system.

Distributed generation impact on the electric system.Dynamic Analysis

Lucia Dólera

APPA. PV Project Manager

23rd January 2019

idistributedpv@appa.es

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 764452

Thank you

for your attention!