The Pollution Status of Surface Sediments along the Turkish Coast of the Black Sea Mürşide Sur,...
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Transcript of The Pollution Status of Surface Sediments along the Turkish Coast of the Black Sea Mürşide Sur,...
The Pollution Status of Surface Sedimentsalong the Turkish Coast of the Black Sea
Mürşide Sur, Halil. I. Sur, Reşat Apak, Erol Erçağ
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• Resources (petroleum and natural gas, minerals, etc.)
• Record of past processes and conditions on the earth.
( Rates of continental erosion and transport by rivers, Biological activity in surface waters etc.)
• Aquatic life
Sediment Pollution: Contaminants & loose particles from soil, rock, suspended in a body of water
settle to the bottom
Why sediments are important ?
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Antropogenic : can be result of (directly & runoff)
Mining Industrial Domestic Agricultural
*Metal form (org,inor, dis,part.)*Presence of other substances*Water system (T,S,DO, pH,current,etc)*Biological system (age,size,activity etc)
Natural:Weathering of rocks and soil
Atm
*Dissolution,*Sorption onto org. inorg particles* Precipitation* Transportation
*Products of weathering and erosion*Biogenic particles produced *Chemical precipitates
Sources of sediment &pollutants
River
Sea
Wat
erSe
dim
ent
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27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
41
42
43
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25 30 35 40 45
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BLACK SEA
TURKEY
Background(2) Al:8 Cd:0,3 Cu:57 Pb:20 Hg:0,4 V:130
Sampling Stations in Autumn 2010
1.Hâkanson, L. (1980). An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach. Water Research 14: 975 - 1001. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-82.Krauskopf, K. B. (1967). Introduction to geochemistry. International Series in the Earth and planetary sciences. Mc Graw- Hill, USA
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C
M
L
Contamination Factor of Aluminum
Sampling Stations
Kaolinite: (Al2Si2O5 (OH)4)
Al ; moderately enrichment (Yomra)
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Contamination Factor of Cadmium
C
M
L
Sampling Stations
Cd; considerable level enrichment (Bartın)
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VH >6
C
M
L
Contamination Factor of Copper
Sampling Stations
Cu; Very high level enrichment (SK1)
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Contamination Factor of Lead
C
M
L
Sampling Stations
Pb; considerable level enrichment (SK1)
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Contamination Factor of Mercury
Sampling Stations
Hg; Very high level enrichment (Giresun)
VH
C
M
L
VH
C
M
L
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Contamination Factor of Vanadium
Sampling Stations
Essential for some species, accumulate in tunicates, ascidians
V; Very high level enrichment (Yeşilırmak R)
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The degree of sediment contamination in the Black Sea
VH
C
M
L
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Facilities:
Iron-stell, Paper, Thermal-power plantCoal region, ındustrial chemicals, fertilizer, textile, wood,cement- ceramic
Copper production Thermal-powerplantTea &hazelnut,
Copper smelting,Fertilizer plant, CementIndustrial chemicalsFood, Textile, cigarettesWood
Food, cement,paper
Paper, food
Cement, tea-plantCigarettes, hazelnut, food
Mercury (old mine)
Tea-plant, cigarette,wood,smelting
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Ranking order of sediment contamination Station Cf > 6
VH 3<Cf <6 C
1< Cf <3 M
Cf <1 L
VH CD > 24
SK1 V> Cu Hg> Pb Cd Al
Consi
dera
ble
12<
CD <
24
SK2 V Hg > Pb Cu> Cd Al Hopa V Hg Cd>Cu>Pb Al Ordu V Hg Pb>Cd Cu>Al Çayeli V Hg Cd>Pb>Cu Al Trabzon V - Hg>Pb>Cd>Cu Al Yeşilırmak V Hg Pb>Cd Cu>Al Akçaabat V - Hg>Cu>Pb>Cd Al Pazar V Hg Cd>Pb Al>Cu Giresun Hg - Pb>Cd V>Al>Cu
Modera
te
6< C
D < 1
2
Araklı - Hg Pb>Al>V> Cd Cu Samsun - Hg Pb>V>Cu Cd>Al Zonguldak - Hg Pb>Cd>V Cu>Al Rize - Hg Pb>Al>Cd>V Cu Bartın - Cd Hg>Cu=Pb V>Al Kızılırmak Hg - V Pb>Cd> Cu>Al Cide Hg - Pb Cd>V>Cu>Al Sakarya - Hg Cd>Pb>V Cu>Al Terkos Hg - Pb Al>Cd>V>Cu Yomra - - Pb>Al>Cd> Cu>Hg>V - İnebolu - Hg Pb>Cu V>Al>Cd Sinop1 - Hg - Pb>Cd>V>Al>Cu Sinop2 - Hg Pb Cd>Al>V>Cu Ereğli - Hg Cd Al>Cu>Pb>V İgneada - Hg Al Pb>Cd>V>Cu
Low CD < 6
Şile - Hg Pb Cd>Al>V>Cu
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Source MetalsSmelters , Mining and manufacturing(ceramics, cement..)
Al,Cu,Pb,V,Cd,Hg
Metal based industries; electroplating, steel industry
Cd, Cu, Pb, V
Batteries Cd,Pb, HgPaints Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg,VPetroleum refineries and coal manufacturing Burning of fossil fuelPower plant (coal-oil fired)
Pb, Hg, V
Water treatment and pipe system Al, Cu, PbAgricultural to prevent disease,fertilizer
Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg
Catalyst (Chlor-alkali plants, ) Hg, VInstruments,Medical,thermometer,lamp
Hg
Paper and pulp Hg
SUMMARY*SK1 Very high contaminated*SK2 Considerably contaminated* Şile Low degree contaminated* EBS considerable degree contaminated* WBS moderately contaminated
Hg and V dominant pollutantsAl, Cd, Cu, Pb moderately or low level pollutants
To prevent; *Erosion control (stream bank fencing , reducing impervious surfaces, creating rain garden, strip cropping etc.)*Waste water treatment – industrial -domestic,
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untreated Industrial , domestic waste dischargesAgricultural runoff
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THANK YOU