The political aspects of monitoring radioactive materials in the environment of our region E. Wirth,...
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Transcript of The political aspects of monitoring radioactive materials in the environment of our region E. Wirth,...
The political aspects of monitoring radioactive
materials in the environment of our region
E. Wirth, M ZähringerFederal Office for Radiation Protection, Freiburg, Germany
Topical Day on monitoring of radioactivity in the environment12-13 April 2011, Oslo, Norway
•The political aspects of monitoring radioactive materials in the environment and
•The special aspects of the Baltic Sea Region.
(man made radioactivity only)
Limitation of the dose to the public: 1mSv per year from nuclear installations
Derived maximum permissible releases per year fro NPP:Atmopsphere 3 x 1010 Bq/a arosolbound radionuclides10 x 1010 Bq/a iodine-13110 x 1015 Bq/a noble gases (+ C-14 +H-3)
Waste water5 x 1010 Bq/a fission and activation products5 x 1013 Bq/a H-3
Similar limits are specified for enrichment plants, fuel fabrication plants, research reactors or repositories accordingly.
Site specific monitoring
Monitoring of effluents (stack and waste water)
Environmental Monitoring
Licencee has to demonstratre that dose limits are met. Emission monitoring ensures that maximum permissible releases are not exceeded.
Conservative environmental dose model uses the measured annual release rates as input to prove that dose limits are met.
The regulator has to control the measurements. Immission monitoring ensures that maximum permissible releases are not exceeded.
The measurement program is not dense and frequent enough for a proper dose estimation of man but gives an independent additional check that doses calculated from emissions are indeed below the limit.
According to “Richtline zur Emissions- und Immissionsüberwachung kerntechnischer Anlagen“
General environmental monitoring
Decided in the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident
Purpose:
1. assess contamination in the environment and
2. dose
From recognizing
1. unknown sources
2. from accidental releases with impact in longer range (>25km)
Goal: Keep doses as low as reasonably achievable, i.e. be precautionary
According to: „Strahlenschutzvorsorgegesetz“
IMIS Routine Monitoring Program
External radiation 1800 Dose rate monitoring probes
Inhalation 40 Air measurement stations (DWD)
Ingestion 10000 samples of food, animal feed, drinking water.
Measurements carried out by „Länder“
Additional measurements
Mobile in-situ systems,
River water, North- and Baltic Sea,
Trace analysis
Purpose also: Excersise and Training
IMIS Accidential Monitoring Program
During plume passage 1800 GDR probes report every 10 minutes + automatic nuclides specific measurements
Sheltering, evacuation, thyroid blocking
After plume passage 1800 GDR probes + 27 mobile in-situ systems + 4 airborne systems,
Food and feed sampling, particularly where contamination is of the order of EU limits
Late evacuation, recovery, identification of critical areas, enforce food bans
Late phase Decrease of measurement frequency,
Recovery, observe succss of countermeasures
German network of 1800 GDR probes
Great interest of the public after the Fukushima accident, though no signal to be expected.Timeliness important, not verified data (!)
Trace analysis
• 1953 first detection of weapon test fallout at Schauinsland
• Kr-85 monitoring since 1973 -> Global fissile material inventory (reprocessed Weapon-Pu)
• Participation in CTBT verification• Strong CTBT support of EU (Joint
action)• Strong support for scientific and
civil use of CTBT data
Aspects for the Baltic Sea Region
Densitiy of German GDR network comparable to NL, A, CH, B but much more than F,E,GB and others. This shows different aproaches, i.e equal distribution vs. focus on populated areas
The EU monitoring program
Dense network Sparse network
= IMIS Routine monitoring program in Germany
Few samples /sampling sites with high sensitive measurements
Asses relevant contamination and representative levels in different media
Observe low levels and trends, measure above MDC