AP Biology The Point is to Make ATP! ATP Cell Respiration – Part 1!
The Point is to Make ATP!
-
Upload
dustin-moon -
Category
Documents
-
view
25 -
download
0
description
Transcript of The Point is to Make ATP!
AP Biology
Energy needs of life Organisms are endergonic systems
What do we need energy for?
synthesis (biomolecules) reproduction active transport movement temperature regulation
AP Biology
energy
Where do we get the energy from? Work of life is done by energy coupling
use exergonic (catabolic) reactions to fuel endergonic (anabolic) reactions
+ + energy
+ energy+
AP Biology
Living economy Fueling the economy
eat high energy organic molecules (food) break them down = catabolism (digest) capture energy in form cell can use
Need an energy currency a way to pass energy around
ATPWhoa!
Hot stuff!
AP Biology
ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
modified nucleotide adenine + ribose + Pi AMP
AMP + Pi ADP
ADP + Pi ATP
an RNA nucleotide
How efficient!Build once,
use many ways
AP Biology
Why does ATP store energy?
PO–
O–
O
–O PO–
O–
O
–O PO–
O–
O
–OPO–
O–
O
–O PO–
O–
O
–OPO–
O–
O
–O PO–
O–
O
–O PO–
O–
O
–O
Each Pi group more difficult to add a lot of stored energy in each bond
most stored in 3rd Pi
∆G = -7.3 kcal/mole
Close packing of negative Pi groups
I think he’s a bit unstable… don’t you?
spring-loaded
instability of its P bonds makes ATP an excellent energy donor
AP Biology
How does ATP transfer energy?
PO–
O–
O
–O PO–
O–
O
–O PO–
O–
O
–O energyPO–
O–
O
–O +
Phosphorylation when ATP does work, it transfers
its 3rd Pi to other molecules ATP ADP releases energy
∆G = -7.3 kcal/mole it destabilizes the other molecule
Why is 3rd phosphate
like a baaad
boyfriend?
AP Biology
it’s never that simple!
An example of Phosphorylation… Building polymers from monomers
need ATP for energy & to take the water out
C
H
OH
H
OHC C
H
O
H
C+ H2O++4.2 kcal/mol
C
H
OH+ C
H
P+ATP ADP
-7.3 kcal/mol
H
OHC C
H
O
H
C+ +C
H
PPi
-3.1 kcal/mol
“kinase” enzyme
AP Biology
glucoseC-C-C-C-C-C
fructose-6PP-C-C-C-C-C-C-P
DHAPP-C-C-C
PGALC-C-C-P
2 ATP2 ADP
Another example of Phosphorylation… The first steps of cellular respiration
beginning the breakdown of glucose ATP
those phosphates sure make it uncomfortab
le around here
enzyme 1
enzyme 3 enzyme 4enzyme 5
enzyme 6
enzyme 2
AP Biology
ATP / ADP cycle
A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per secondWhoa!
Pass me the glucose & oxygen!
Can’t store ATP too reactive transfers Pi too
easily only short term
energy storage carbs & fats are
long term energy storage
AP Biology
What’s the point? Cells spend a lot of time making ATP!
“The point is to make ATP!”
I didn’t HEAR you!
Make ATP! That’s all I do all day. And no one
even notices!