The Piri Reis Map
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Transcript of The Piri Reis Map
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The Piri Reis Map
Steven DutchUniversity of Wisconsin-Green Bay
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The Piri Reis Map
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A Portolan Chart
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The Portolan Grid
• Equator and 45N are quite accurate
• Map ends just below 45S
• Intermediate Roses Might Represent Tropics (23.5 N or S) or 1/8 of a Hemisphere (22.5 N or S)
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The Portolan Grid
• Radiating Lines are Compass Bearings
• Meridians and Parallels are perpendicular
• This is a Cylindrical Map Projection
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Quality of Cartography
• Europe and Africa– Coasts Pretty
Good– Rivers Inaccurate
• Brazil: Recognizable
• North America and South of Brazil: Very Poor
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Interpreting Ancient Maps• Any Ancient Map is Only as Good as Its
Depiction of Well Explored Areas• Things of Practical Use to Mariners (Capes and
Islands) Often Exaggerated• Latitude is the Most Likely Parameter to be
Accurate; Longitude Largely Guesswork• Imaginary Features Often Incorporated and
Gaps Filled In
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Corsica by Piri Reis
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The Orontius Finaeus Map,
1531
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Antarctica?
• http://www.goldenageproject.org.uk/112antarctica.php
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Map by Mercator, 1587
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Hendrik Hondius Map, 1630
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A Vicious Circle• Without Accurate Navigation, Accurate Maps
Weren’t Necessary– Maps Were Largely Schematic
• Without Accurate Maps, there was no Point in Trying to Navigate Precisely
• Coastal Charts, on the Other Hand, Were Valuable
• Even Into Modern Times, Many Questioned the Need for Accurate Mapping
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What’s Missing?• The Pacific Ocean• Isthmus of Panama• Drake Passage– Deep Water: Was
Never Dry Land– No Evidence of
Antarctic Ice Connection
• Any Indisputable Feature of Antarctica
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Arm-Waving Looks Persuasive
Azimuthal Equidistant Projection Centered on Cairo
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Detailed Comparison Doesn’t
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Azimuthal Equidistant Projection Centered on 0,0
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Orthographic Projection
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Cylindrical Equidistant Projection
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Likely Identification
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Alternative Identification
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Not Antarctica
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Conclusions• All Identifications of Antarctica Fail• By Modern Standards, Not a Very Accurate
Map• Has Exactly the Inaccuracies Expected for a
1513 Map• For 1513, A First-Rate Work of Naval
Intelligence– Turkey Was Not Involved in Atlantic Exploration– Synthesis of Captured Documents– Remarkable Level of Detail for 1513