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![Page 1: The Physical Landscape of Britain and Northern Ireland: Technical Development Claudio Piccinini and Mike Smith, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment,](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062417/5515d0b7550346cf6f8b45fa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Physical Landscape of Britain and Northern
Ireland: Technical Development
Claudio Piccinini and Mike Smith, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Kingston UniversityJanet Hooke and Katherine Hesketh, Department of Geography, University of Liverpool
WEB MAP APPLICATIONFRONT-END
http://www.landscapebritain.org.uk/
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GEOMORPHOLOGY
THEMATIC (e.g. the BRITICE project )
SPATIALLY RESTRICTED (e.g. GeoEast)
BROAD-BRUSH(e.g. National Character Areas)
SOURCES
THIS PROJECTprovide the interested professional, researcher and the general public with access to information, data and knowledge on the geomorphology of the British landscape
journal articles
PhD dissertationsbooks
government reports
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DATABASE
1 DATABASE
DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION
WHICH DATABASE?SCHEMA
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1 DATABASE
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- 9 level1 terms- 164 level2 terms- 10 level2 terms have level3 terms
1 DATABASE
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1 DATABASE
- 83 level3 terms
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SQLServer
1 DATABASE
SPATIAL DATABASES
Oracle Spatial
PostGreSQL/PostGIS
SQLLite
IBM DB2
MySQL
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Interoperability
MySQL Vs. PostgreSQL/PostGIS
Spatial functions
General functions
Usability
Upload spatial data to database tables
Visualize and edit spatial data stored in database tables
store, manage and analyse spatial data
full-text search indexes
transactions and foreign keys
stored procedures in different languages
statistical analyses
performance of spatial operations
Administration Popularity
1 DATABASE
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Mysql PostgreSQL/PostGISINTEROPERABILITYFree GIS Data and ETL Loaders OGR2OGR, shp2mysql.pl shp2pgsql, OGR2OGR, osm2pgsql, GeoKettle, Spatial Data
Integrator
Commercial GIS Data Loaders FME FME, Manifold, ArcGIS Server ArcSDE
Free Desktop Viewers and Editors GvSIG OpenJump, QuantumGIS, GvSig, uDig
Commercial Desktop Viewers and Editors FME FME, Manifold, free SpatialKit extension for ArcGIS 9.3-10.x, CadCorp, Autocad FDO, MapInfo 10+
Output other than text and binary formats (WKT, WKB) useful for mapping applications
KML, SVG, GML, GEOJSON, GeoHash
SPATIAL FUNCTIONSNumber of spatial functions Limited. Before MySQL 5.0.16, these features are available for
MyISAM tables onlymore than 350
Spatial index R-Tree (only for MyISAM tables) R-Tree index implemented on top of GiST idex
Testing spatial relationships between geometries Before MySQL 5.6.1 tests use the feature bounding rectangle X
Spatial operators that produce geometries (e.g. buffer, difference, intersection, union)
X
Additional Metadata Views geometry_column table, geography_column view
Change reference system to another on the fly X
Edit geometries (add, remove, move points); transform geometries( scale shift, rotate)
X
Linear Referencing functions XSpatial Aggregates XGeodetic support using the geography data type (only WGS 84 long-lat and
output in meters)
3D Support PostGIS2.xRaster support PostGIS2.xNetwork routing using PgRouting
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GENERAL FUNCTIONSStatistical analysis and graphs connect to R using the PL/R language
Create stored procedures using different languages X
Full-text-search indexes only for MyISAM tables XForeign keys and transactions only InnoDB tables XQuery optimization It considers only the query and how it could be optimized it considers also the database structure and uses a genetic
algorithm to find the most effective way of executing a query
Triggers are activated by SQL statements only. However they are not activated by cascading updates and deletes even when caused by a SQL statement.
can execute any user-defined function from any of its procedural languages
USABILITYLimits to insert big geometries By default the ‘'max_allowed_packet' parameter is set to 16M for
the mysql client program and 1mb for the server. To insert bigger geometries you will need to increase the parameter value.On shared servers MySQL it may not be possible to increase the value
Performance using spatial functionalities Some tests shows it can be slower than PostGIS
Storage engines 9 different storage engines, the most popular InnoDB and MyISAM. The MyISAM engine is often the only database engine offered by webhosting providers.Both support geospatial types but only MyISAM supports geospatial indexing (see the following 2 tables)You are not restricted to using the same storage engine for an entire schema and can specify the storage engine for any table.
A single storage engine
Asynchronous API for use by client applications X
Popularity X Easy to administer X
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SPATIAL TABLES
Location stores the bounding boxes
Place UK gazetteer 1:50,000 about 260,000 point
set "GEOM"=ST_Transform(ST_GeometryFromText('SRID=4277;POINT('|| "LONG" ||' '|| "LAT" || ')'),4326);
Proj4 library : OSGB36 to WGS84
Features Natural reserves, National Trust properties, Sites of special scientific interest ……
1 DATABASE
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WHY?To ease the data management
Security
*Administratormanage the database structure
*Data managerAdd/update/delete data using the front-end
*UserQuery the data using the web map application
2. Front-End
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REFERENCES LIST
INSERT/UPDATE REFERENCES
INSERT/UPDATE
ABSTRACTS
INSERT/UPDATELEVELS
BOUNDING BOXESIMAGES
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{"type": "FeatureCollection","features": [<!--(section name=sec loop=$rs)-->{ "type": "Feature", "properties":{"id":<!--($rs[sec].id|json_encode)--><!--(foreach from=$rs[sec] key=prop item=val)--><!--(if $prop != 'geom' && $prop != 'id')-->,<!--($prop|json_encode)-->:<!--($val|json_encode)--><!--(/if)--><!--(/foreach)-->},"geometry": <!--($rs[sec].geom)-->}<!--(if not $smarty.section.sec.last)-->,<!--(/if)--><!--(/section)-->]}
{ "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {"id":"285178" ,"NAME":"The Combe" }, "geometry": {"type":"Point","coordinates":[-2.381338277553394,51.210511371454508]} } ] }
TEMPLATE
GeoJson
if ($n>0){for ($i = 1; $i < $n; $i++) {
$others .=" OR \"NAME\"='".$places[$i]."'"; }}
$sql = "select \"PLACE_ID\" as id, \"NAME\", ST_AsGeoJSON(\"GEOM\") as geom from \"public\".\"PLACE\"where \"NAME\"='".$first."'".$others;
$rsdata = $this->db->Execute($sql)->GetRows();$rs = array();$this->assign('rs', $rsdata);$this->display($data_template);
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3. Web Mapping Application
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3. Web Mapping Application
QUERY
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FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
Mobile application
3D Visualizationhttp://www.openwebglobe.org
http://www.sencha.com/products/touch/
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The Physical Landscape of Britain and Northern
Ireland: Technical Development
http://www.landscapebritain.org.uk/