The Phoenicians and the Lydians Chapter 2 Section 5.
-
Upload
melvin-howard -
Category
Documents
-
view
234 -
download
2
Transcript of The Phoenicians and the Lydians Chapter 2 Section 5.
The Phoenicians and the Lydians
Chapter 2
Section 5
Phoenicians
Loose union of city-states Sea was vital for trade
Little fertile land Surrounding mountains
made travel difficult Very skilled sailors
One of the greatest traders in the ancient world
Lumber Metals
Gold and silver Murex- shellfish used to
make a purple dye
Phoenicians
Peaked around 1000 B.C. Culture
Very similar to Babylonians and Egyptians
Religion Very focused on winning the
favor of the gods In some cases, children were
sacrificed Usually following natural
disasters Writing
Phoencian Alphabet- became the model for Western alphabets
Phoenicians
Never established a major empire, but the Phoenician alphabet was a major contribution Greeks and Romans
adopted the alphabet Conquered by the
Assyrians
Lydians
Peaked around 600 B.C. Makes up what is today
the Asia Minor (present-day Turkey)
Major contribution: coined money Why was this so
important? No longer had to rely on
bartering for trade Their development of a
money economy spread across the ancient world
The Origins of Judaism
Chapter 2
Section 6
Hebrews
Ancestors of the modern Jews Inhabited Canaan
Small strip of land south of Phoenicia
See map on p. 41 Abraham
Founder of the Hebrew people Jacob
Grandson of Abraham Had 12 sons
Each established a tribe Twelve Tribes of Israel
Exodus
Due to droughts, the Hebrews left Canaan and traveled to Egypt Lived peacefully in Egypt for
some time Eventually fell out of favor of
the Egyptians Why?
Most scholars believe that the Hebrews may have come to Egypt with the Hyksos
When the Egyptians expelled the Hyksos in 1200 B.C., they held the Hebrews as slaves
Exodus
Hebrews held as slaves for over 400 years
Moses Led the Hebrews from slavery
(Exodus) Led the Hebrews into the
desserts of the Sinai Peninsula The Ten Commandments
Moses climbed to the top of Mt. Sinai and returned with tablets containing the commandments
Inspired, Moses set out to claim Canaan
Activity
Read the Ten Commandments on p. 45
Write a response to each commandment explaining why the rule would help to preserve the Hebrew community
Use complete sentences 10 pts.
Hint: Covet – desiring goods belonging to others
Founding of Israel
Resistance in Canaan Canaanites in the north
Conquered by the Hebrews Philistines in the south
Driven out by the Hebrews, but never fully conquered
During the fighting, the 12 Tribes united under a single kingdom- Israel Saul 1st king David succeeded Saul and
made Jerusalem a religious center
Solomon brought Israel to its height in wealth in power
Divided Kingdom
After Solomon’s death in the late 900’s B.C., the kingdom divided due to struggles for political power Northern tribes formed the
kingdom of Israel Southern tribes formed the
kingdom of Judah Lacking unity and strength,
the two kingdoms were conquered 722 B.C. Assyrians
conquered Israel 587 B.C. Chaldeans
conquered Judah
Freedom
When Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered the Chaldeans, he allowed the Hebrews to return to their homeland
The Hebrews rebuilt Jerusalem Torah- The first 5 books
of the Old Testament Includes the Hebrew
code of Laws
Judaism
Yahweh Hebrew God Spiritual force, not a glorified human or
nature Political rulers had no claims to divinity
According to the Ten Commandments, only Yahweh is divine
Monotheistic Ethical monotheism
Emphasizes ethics, or proper conduct Carried over to the founding of
Christianity Judeo-Christian ethics similar values
One of the most important contributions to Western civilization
Dead Sea Scrolls
Ancient manuscripts Date back to the 100’s B.C. Detailing the history and principles of Judaism
Activity/HW
Section 6 Review P. 47
#3 #4 c and d only
Ch. 2 Review P. 48 Writing About History
ONLY COMPLETE THE CHART DO NOT WRITE A REPORT
Unless you want to : )