The Philippine Archipelago

and it’s People

Geographical Foundations Philippines is an archipelago found in South east Asia.

The country comprises 7,107 islands.

The shape of the country is elongated and has scattered large and small island that form as it figure in the map.

It has five biggest islands: Luzon, Mindanao, Samar, Negros, and Palawan.

The country has irregular coastlines totaling to 17, 468 km.

Archipelagic Principle of the TerritorySection 1 of the Article 1 of the National

Territory states; The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago,

with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial and aerial

domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas.

The waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and

dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the Philippines.

Mountains

and Plains

Mountains and Plains In Luzon, There are three large mountain ranges found:

Sierra Madre

Caraballo del Sur

Caraballo del Baler

Mountains and Plains There are also small ranges found in the Philippines such as: - Zambales Range - Diwata Mountain Range - Tagaytay Range - Central Range And many many more!!

Mountains and Plains The highest mountain peak in the Philippines is Mt. Apo located in Davao del Sur in Mindanao.

It has a high of almost 3,000 meters high which have a high source of Geothermal Energy-(is the heat from the Earth. It's clean and sustainable.)

Mountains and Plains

There are also large and fertile plains that have been sources of staple food, fruits and vegetables

for the entire archipelago

Central Luzon Plain Cagayan Valley Plain

Volcanoes

Volcanoes The Philippines is known for it’s active volcanoes that are scattered through out the archipelago. Some of the

famous active Volcanoes are Mt. Mayon, Taal Volano, Mt. Pinatubo, Mt. Bulusan, and Mt. Kanlaon

Mt. Mayon

Taal Volcano

Mt, Pinatubo

Mt. Bulusan

Mt, kanlaon

Other Land Formations

Burol(hill)

Lambak (Valley)Talampas (Plateu)

Pulo (Island)

Tangway (Peninsula)

Water Forms

Water Forms (Rivers) The largest and longest river systems in the country are found in Luzon and Mindanao.

Some of the famous and large rivers here in our country are the Pampanga River, Agno River, Agusan River and the Abra River

Pampanga River Agno River Agusan River Abra River

Water Forms (Rivers) The Rio Grande Rivers: - Rio Grande de Mindanao: also known as the Mindanao River, is the second largest river system in the Philippines - Rio Grande de Cagayan: is the longest and largest river in the Philippine Archipelago.

Rio Grande de Mindanao

Rio Grande de Cagayan

Water Forms (Lakes) There are also some famous lakes found in the

Philippines. There are the Laguna de Bay, Taal Lake, and the Lake Lanao.

Sinarapan- Smallest commercial fish. (Pandaca pyg Mea)

Water Forms (Seas) The seas, which are important source of fish supply

and other marine resources.

North- Kipot ng Luzon and Celebes sea

East- Philippine Sea, and Pacific Ocean.

West- South China Sea

South- Sulu Sea

Other Water Forms

Golpo (Gulf)

Karagatan (Ocean)

Look (Bay)

Talon (Falls)

Climate

General Resources of the Country

The Soil and it’s Products (Yamang Lupa)

Water Resources (Yamang Tubig)

Mineral Resources (Yamang Mineral)

The Soil and It’s Product The Philippines have six qualification of soils.

Alluvial SandStone and

Shale

Lime Stone

Volcanic Andesite and Basalt

Mountain

Produces agricultural

products such as Abaka,

Coconut, and tabacco

Also good in products

but the harvest is

lower amounts compared to Alluvial

Soil.

Produces agricultural products.

Also best for grazing of animals due to it’s abundance of grass.

This soil are found in

the areas where past eruption of the volcano

accurs.

Generally used for

sugar cane Plantations

A kind of soils where trees are found.

Such as soil in the forest, and

Jungle.

Alluvial Soil

Shale and Sandstone Soil

Limestone Soil

Volcanic Soil

Andesite and basalt Stone

Mountain Soil

Water Resource

Water Resource The Philippines being an archipelago has 150,000,000 hectares of water with 17,460 m. of coastlines.

Because the Philippines has many Water forms, active fishing is one of the source of livelihood for many Filipinos.

There are two kinds of fishing industry in the Philippines: The Genetic and The ExtraActive.

Genetic Industry vs. Extractive IndustryWater Resource

Genetic Industry Extractive Industry Covers Fish reproduction, fish culture and fishponds. This coincides with the

advancement in fish research that is now utilized in fresh, brackish, and salt

water. Such as Tilapia, prawn, milkfish(bangus), eel and

catfish reproduction.

This covers direct fishing in shallow, high seas, and in

coral areas. The fish, shells, and other resource extracted in this

areas, take a long time before natural

replenishment occurs. And in some cases, threats of extinction

brought by illegal fishing.

Mineral Resource

Mineral Resource In terms of Mineral resource, the Philippines is rich in Metallic, non metallic, and fusel minerals.

Mining corporations extract the minerals from various uses in industry, commerce and personal ornaments.

Mineral fuels such as carbon and petroleum are used in fueling industries and transportation in the country.

In Luzon, after the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo become a major spot for quarrying. Gravel and sand became too abundant for the use in constructions.

Mineral Resource The following are mined Metallic Mineral , Non-

Metallic Minerals, and Fusel Minerals

Metallic Non- metallic

Fusel

gold Iron Manganese lead Ornaments

Clay Cement pyrite

limestone marbles sulfur

gypsum

Carbon Petroleum

Origins of the Philippine

Archipelago Volcanism

Diastrophism

Gradation

Land bridge

Volcanism The eruption of volcanoes caused by the heat

released in the mantle of the Earth thus creating a movement of molten rocks into Earth’s Crust.

Diastrophism

is the process of movement on the Earth’s crust that resulted in the formations of mountains and

mountain ranges.

Gradation It is the formation of mountains and Volcanoes after which erosion takes place that led to the creation of

rivers, lakes, delta, and other land formations found in the different parts of the country.

Land Bridge It Explains that the Philippines was once

connected to the mainland Asia through bridges of land formed during the Pleistocene or Ice Age

25,000,000 years ago