The The Philippine Philippine Clean WaterClean WaterClean Water Clean Water Act of 2004 Act of 2004 --(RA 9275)(RA 9275)

Dan LapidKnowledge Node WorkshopKnowledge Node WorkshopSEI-EcosanRes2., Stockholm24-25 August 2009

(NWRC, 1976)(NWRC, 1976)

The The Philippine Philippine Clean WaterClean WaterClean Water Clean Water Act of 2004 Act of 2004 --(RA 9275)(RA 9275)

Chronology:2002 2004 Legislative Work2002-2004 – Legislative Work2004 - CWA enacted 2005 - IRR effected

(NWRC, 1976)(NWRC, 1976)

CWA COVERAGECWA COVERAGE

General Application - Water quality management in all water bodiesgPrimary Application - abatement & control of pollution from land basedcontrol of pollution from land based sourcesEnforcement of WQ standardsEnforcement of WQ standards, regulations and penalties –

f firrespective of source of pollution

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKCONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKCONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKCONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Joint Oversight Congressional CommitteeNatl Septage/ Sewerage Mgt

Integrated Water Quality Integrated Water Quality Improvement. FrameworkImprovement. Framework

Natl. Septage/ Sewerage Mgt.Classification/ Reclassification Groundwater Vulnerability MappingWater Quality Water Quality WQMAAP WQMAAP MappingWQ Guidelines/ CriteriaEffluent StandardsC t i ti f I d t

yyMgt. Area Mgt. Area Action Plan Action Plan (WQMAAP)(WQMAAP)

WQMAAP WQMAAP

Categorization of Industry Wastewater Charge SystemDischarge Permits

(WQMAAP)(WQMAAP)

Financial LiabilityProgrammatic EIA Incentives

LGU CPLGU Compliance

LGU CP

Prohibitions/Sanctions/Actionsp

Plan (CP)

Water Quality Management AreaWater Quality Management Area (WQMA) – Sec. 5

An area covering appropriateAn area covering appropriateAn area covering appropriate An area covering appropriate physiographic units, such as watersheds, physiographic units, such as watersheds, i b i t ii b i t iriver basins, or water resource regions river basins, or water resource regions ––

having having similar hydrological, hydro-geological, meteorological or geographic conditions which affect the physicowhich affect the physico--conditions which affect the physicowhich affect the physicochemical and biological reactions and chemical and biological reactions and diffusion of pollutants in the bodies ofdiffusion of pollutants in the bodies ofdiffusion of pollutants in the bodies of diffusion of pollutants in the bodies of water draining the said area.water draining the said area.

LLDA Area LLDA Area –– One One WQMA WQMA (RA 9275)(RA 9275)(RA 9275)(RA 9275)

(NWRC, 1976)(NWRC, 1976)

WQMA Governing BoardWQMA Governing Board –– Sec 5Sec 5WQMA Governing Board WQMA Governing Board –– Sec. 5Sec. 5

→Appointed national and local government representatives (1 permanent & 1 alternate) p ( p )(As authorized)

→Nominated representatives from accredited→Nominated representatives from accredited civil society, water utility and private business sectors in OR w/ recognized interests in thesectors in OR w/ recognized interests in the WQMA through sectoral assemblies (max: 3 years term)years term)

→WQMA GB members to serve without ticompensation

Area Water Quality Area Water Quality Management Fund (AWQMF)Management Fund (AWQMF) –– Sec 10Sec 10Management Fund (AWQMF) Management Fund (AWQMF) –– Sec. 10Sec. 10

→→To be sourced from the variable or loadTo be sourced from the variable or load--based based fee under the CWA Wastewater Charge systemfee under the CWA Wastewater Charge systemfee under the CWA Wastewater Charge system fee under the CWA Wastewater Charge system and donations, endowments and grants for WQ and donations, endowments and grants for WQ management in area.management in area.

→→Funds to be managed by the GB in Funds to be managed by the GB in g yg ycorresponding area.corresponding area.

AREA WATER QUALITY AREA WATER QUALITY MGMT FUNDMGMT FUNDMGMT. FUNDMGMT. FUND

WastewaterDischarge fees

Donations,Endowments,Grants

Fines

Discharge fees Grants

Purpose:Purpose:Purpose:Purpose:To maintain, upkeep water bodiesTo finance wastewater facilities (establish & repair) Operational expenses of GB (10%)p p ( )Provide technical assistance, info, rewards & incentives

National Sewerage & National Sewerage & SeptageSeptageManagement ProgramManagement Program – Sec. 7

→A priority listing of sewerage, septage and combined systems/projects for LGUscombined systems/projects for LGUs

→LGUs may enter into BOT or joint venture / i f iagreement w/ private sector for constructing,

rehabilitating and/or operation of such facilities

→Each LGU shall appropriate land, including right-of-way/ road access, for constructing sewage and septage treatment facilities.

Domestic Sewage Collection, Treatment Domestic Sewage Collection, Treatment & Disposal & Disposal –– Sec. 8Sec. 8

→W/in 5 years concerned water, sewerage and sanitation (WSS) agencies/ concessionaires in coordination w/ LGUs, shall connect subdivisions, condominiums, malls, hotels, public buildings, etc. in hi hl b i d i i (HUC ) h ll h ihighly urbanized cities (HUCs) shall connect their sewage lines to available systems or utilize their own sewerage systemsewerage system

→For non-HUCs, septage or combined sewerage-septage management systems to be employedseptage management systems to be employed

→Said connection subject to service charges/feesDOH i id li→DOH to prepare appropriate guidelines

CWA Implementing Rules and Regulations (2005)

• Ecological Sanitation or “Ecosan” i h ith th‐ is an approach with the 

objective of closing the nutrientobjective of closing the nutrient loop between sanitation & agriculture. (Article 2. Definition of Terms)

CWA Implementing Rules and Regulations (2005)

It incorporates all of the following ecological principles:p p

1. Conscious conservation of resources2 R li d2. Recycling and reuse3. Minimization of energy and water usegy4. Pollution prevention5. Rendering recyclables (human excreta and 

greywater) safe for reuse

CWA Implementing Rules and Regulations (2005)Section 7, Item 7.2

E ti f t t h• Exemption from wastewater charges and liabilities.– LGUs undertaking or about to undertake Ecosan technologies shall be exemptedEcosan technologies... shall be exempted from wastewater charges or other liabilities f f ff i i f hfor seven years from effectivity of the Act… 

DA Admin Order 26 2007DA Admin Order 26, 2007

• “Guidelines on the procedures and technical requirements for the issuance of a qcertification allowing the safe re‐use of wastewater for purposes of irrigation andwastewater for purposes of irrigation and other agricultural uses, pursuant to Section 22 c of RA 9275 the clean Water Act of 2004 ”22.c of RA 9275, the clean Water Act of 2004.”

Latest Development:Formulation of the 

Philippine Sanitation RoadmapPhilippine Sanitation Roadmap• Framework and Vision (2025)Framework and Vision (2025)• Goal

i• Strategies• Recommended policy directions• Priority Programs• On‐going / Pipeline projectsOn going / Pipeline projects• Implementation arrangementsL f A i Pl (2010 2015)• Logframe‐Action Plan (2010‐2015)

Philippines Sustainable Sanitation Framework

Goal: Safe and adequate sustainable sanitation for all

Objectives and OutcomesObjective 1. Safe Sanitation for All specially for the poor

Objective 2. Formulate a clear  National Sustainable Sanitation

Objective 3. Prioritize implementation of NSSP

Objectives 4. Formulate a National Sustainable SanitationAll specially for the poor

Outcomes• Improved access to safe and convenient sanitation for all

• Improved sustainability of 

National Sustainable Sanitation Policy (NSSP)Outcomes• Sus San Road Map for urban and rural, coastal and upland settlements

implementation of NSSPOutcomes• Institutional “home” of sanitation established

• Regular budgets allocated at 

National Sustainable Sanitation Communication PlanOutcomes• Sus Sanitation issues covered adequately by the media sectorp y

existing sanitation system

• Open defecation  and “wrap n throw” practice eliminated

MDG t t hi d b 2015

settlements

• NSSMP as required by the CWA formulated

• Financing framework 

g gnational and local levels

• Local Sus San plans formulated and implemented

Fi i t t

sector 

• Sus Sanitation Education Program established and implemented

• MDG target achieved by 2015

• Improve school sanitation and hygiene practices

• Sanitation related disease 

formulated (infra & micro)

• Relevant laws, e.g., San Code and CWA, strengthened with IRR updated

• Financing strategy implemented

• Mon and Eval mechanism formulated and being conducted

• Improved awareness of decision makers & public 

• Sanitation planning culture and expertise enhanced

minimizedconducted

Guiding Principles1. Everyone has the right to sanitation 4. Polluters pay principle  8. Resource conservation and reuse 2. Health safety as primordial objective  5. Financial/economic affordability 9. Social/Cultural acceptability3.    Multi‐sectoral & stakeholder involvement 6. Environmental sustainability 10. Gender equity/sensitivity

7. Appropriate technology

1 Everyone has the right to sanitation1. Everyone has the right to sanitation

• Everyone has the right• Everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living forstandard of living for themselves and their families includingfamilies, including adequate food, clothing housing waterclothing, housing, water and sanitation.

The Habitat Agenda (Habitat II)The Habitat Agenda, (Habitat II), 1996

1 Everyone has the right to sanitation1. Everyone has the right to sanitation• The right to sanitation gdemands accountability from governments in gfacilitating access to sanitation, particularly , p yby assisting individuals and communities in constructing their own latrines, and removing gbarriers to access such as lack of security of  Maria Mutagamba Min of Water andytenure.

Maria Mutagamba, Min. of Water and Environment, Uganda, Preface, Sanitation a Human Rights Imperative, 2008

1 Everyone has the right to sanitation1. Everyone has the right to sanitation

• Addressing sanitation as• Addressing sanitation as a human right moves the focus from technicalthe focus from technical solutions to ensuring that the political andthat the political and legislative frameworks are in place to ensureare in place to ensure access to sanitation.

COHRE UN‐HABITAT WaterAid SDCCOHRE, UN‐HABITAT, WaterAid, SDC, Sanitation a Human Rights Imperative, 2008, p.5. 

2. Health safety as primordial objective

• There is the need to act fast to provide all households with safe sanitation facilities.  

• Implement the UN MDGs.

• Eliminate open defecation and indiscriminate ‘wrap and throw’.

3. Multi‐sectoral participation and stakeholder involvement

• Success can only be guaranteed if all stakeholders are involved in program planning, decision making and implementation. 

Sanitation is not the sole responsibility of theSanitation is not the sole responsibility of the government; neither can the government rely mainly on the private sectoron the private sector.

4 Polluters pay principle4. Polluters pay principle

• The party generating the pollutant, like wastewater, shall be responsible and held accountable to paying for the repair of the damages done or required to prevent damages to the natural environment .

5. Financial/economic affordability

• The cost of construction, operation and maintenance of sanitation facilities and infrastructures must be reasonably priced within the means of the user/host/owner, be itthe household, the village, subdivision, institution, water district or local government unit. 

6 Environmental sustainability6. Environmental sustainability

• Sanitation facilities and infrastructures must be designed, built, used, operated and maintained in the way that they do not adversely affect the integrity and ecology of the surrounding environment.

6 Environmental sustainability6. Environmental sustainability

• Sanitation facilities and infrastructures must be designed, built, used, operated and maintained in the way that they do not adversely affect the integrity and ecology of the surrounding environment.

7 Appropriate technology7. Appropriate technology

• Sanitation facilities must be easy to construct, operate and maintain by local manpower and expertise.

• As much as possible, locally available materials are utilized.

7 Appropriate technology7. Appropriate technology

• Sanitation facilities must adopt well with local geo‐physical characteristics, e.g., – Availability of water supply

– Ground water table– soil structure andsoil structure and variability 

8. Resource conservation and reuse

• Sanitation facilities  must incorporate systems that use less energy, water, land and human resources. 

• Sanitation system designers must consider the reuse of resource, e.g., biogas production; treated wastewater for irrigation; source‐separated urine and feces, and treated sewage sludge as fertilizer or soil conditioner.

9 Social/Cultural acceptability9. Social/Cultural acceptability

• Sanitation facilities and services must be suitable and not highly objectionable to the different social and cultural groups with distinct beliefs and practices especially the indigenous peoples.

10 Gender equity/sensitivity10. Gender equity/sensitivity

• Participation of both women and men in all sanitation related activities.

• Women and young girls  with poor sanitation, are also often subjected to ridicule, harassment and rape when they goout to relieve themselves especially in the evening or p y gearly dawn.

10 Gender equity/sensitivity10. Gender equity/sensitivity

• Participation of both women and men in all sanitation related activities.

• Women and young girls  with poor sanitation, are also often subjected to ridicule, harassment and rape when they goout to relieve themselves especially in the evening or p y gearly dawn.

Philippines Sustainable Sanitation Framework

Goal: Safe and adequate sustainable sanitation for all

Objectives and OutcomesObjective 1. Safe Sanitation for All specially for the poor

Objective 2. Formulate a clear  National Sustainable Sanitation

Objective 3. Prioritize implementation of NSSP

Objectives 4. Formulate a National Sustainable SanitationAll specially for the poor

Outcomes• Improved access to safe and convenient sanitation for all

• Improved sustainability of 

National Sustainable Sanitation Policy (NSSP)Outcomes• Sus San Road Map for urban and rural, coastal and upland settlements

implementation of NSSPOutcomes• Institutional “home” of sanitation established

• Regular budgets allocated at 

National Sustainable Sanitation Communication PlanOutcomes• Sus Sanitation issues covered adequately by the media sectorp y

existing sanitation system

• Open defecation  and “wrap n throw” practice eliminated

MDG t t hi d b 2015

settlements

• NSSMP as required by the CWA formulated

• Financing framework 

g gnational and local levels

• Local Sus San plans formulated and implemented

Fi i t t

sector 

• Sus Sanitation Education Program established and implemented

• MDG target achieved by 2015

• Improve school sanitation and hygiene practices

• Sanitation related disease 

formulated (infra & micro)

• Relevant laws, e.g., San Code and CWA, strengthened with IRR updated

• Financing strategy implemented

• Mon and Eval mechanism formulated and being conducted

• Improved awareness of decision makers & public 

• Sanitation planning culture and expertise enhanced

minimizedconducted

Guiding Principles1. Everyone has the right to sanitation 4. Polluters pay principle  8. Resource conservation and reuse 2. Health safety as primordial objective  5. Financial/economic affordability 9. Social/Cultural acceptability3.    Multi‐sectoral & stakeholder involvement 6. Environmental sustainability 10. Gender equity/sensitivity

7. Appropriate technology

Objective 1. Safe Sanitation for All specially for the poor

Outcomes• Improved access to safe and 

convenient sanitation for allconvenient sanitation for all

• Improved sustainability of existing sanitation systems

• Open defecation  and indiscriminate “wrap n throw” practice eliminated

• MDG target achieved by 2015

• Improved school sanitation and hygiene practices

• Sanitation related disease minimized

Objective 2. Formulate a clear  National Sustainable Sanitation Policy (NSSP)

OOutcomes• Sus San Road Map for urban 

and rural, coastal and ,upland settlements

• NSSMP as required by the CWA formulated

• Financing framework formulatedformulated

• Relevant laws, e.g., San Code and CWA,Code and CWA, strengthened with IRR updated

Objective 3. Prioritize implementation of NSSP

O tOutcomes• Institutional “home” of 

sanitation established• Adequate budgets allocated at 

national and local levels• Local Sus San plans formulated 

and implemented• Financing strategy• Financing strategy 

implemented• Mon and Eval mechanism 

formulated and being conducted

Objectives 4.Formulate a National Sustainable Sanitation Communication Plan

Outcomes• Sus Sanitation Education 

Program established andProgram established and implemented

• Sanitation planning culture and expertise enhanced

• Improved awareness of decision makers & gen. public 

• Sus Sanitation issues covered d t l b th diadequately by the media sector 

Philippines Sustainable Sanitation Framework

Goal: Safe and adequate sustainable sanitation for all

Objectives and OutcomesObjective 1. Safe Sanitation for All specially for the poor

Objective 2. Formulate a clear  National Sustainable Sanitation

Objective 3. Prioritize implementation of NSSP

Objectives 4. Formulate a National Sustainable SanitationAll specially for the poor

Outcomes• Improved access to safe and convenient sanitation for all

• Improved sustainability of 

National Sustainable Sanitation Policy (NSSP)Outcomes• Sus San Road Map for urban and rural, coastal and upland settlements

implementation of NSSPOutcomes• Institutional “home” of sanitation established

• Regular budgets allocated at 

National Sustainable Sanitation Communication PlanOutcomes• Sus Sanitation issues covered adequately by the media sectorp y

existing sanitation system

• Open defecation  and “wrap n throw” practice eliminated

MDG t t hi d b 2015

settlements

• NSSMP as required by the CWA formulated

• Financing framework 

g gnational and local levels

• Local Sus San plans formulated and implemented

Fi i t t

sector 

• Sus Sanitation Education Program established and implemented

• MDG target achieved by 2015

• Improve school sanitation and hygiene practices

• Sanitation related disease 

formulated (infra & micro)

• Relevant laws, e.g., San Code and CWA, strengthened with IRR updated

• Financing strategy implemented

• Mon and Eval mechanism formulated and being conducted

• Improved awareness of decision makers & public 

• Sanitation planning culture and expertise enhanced

minimizedconducted

Guiding Principles1. Everyone has the right to sanitation 4. Polluters pay principle  8. Resource conservation and reuse 2. Health safety as primordial objective  5. Financial/economic affordability 9. Social/Cultural acceptability3.    Multi‐sectoral & stakeholder involvement 6. Environmental sustainability 10. Gender equity/sensitivity

7. Appropriate technology

Thank you!