the personifications of celestial water: the many guises of the storm ...
32
THE PERSONIFICATIONS OF CELESTIAL WATER: THE MANY GUISES OF THE STORM GOD IN THE PANTHEON AND COSMOLOGY OF TEOTIHUACAN .$63(5 :5(0 $1'(5621 $1' &+5,6723+( +(/0.( University of Copenhagen, Denmark Abstract 7KH 7HRWLKXDFDQ 6WRUP JRG ｱ HYLGHQWO\ D SURWRW\SH RI WKH UDLQ GHLW\ Tlaalok RI WKH ODWHU $]WHF ｱ ｿJXUHV SURPLQHQWO\ LQ WKH LFRQRJUDSK\ RI WKLV JUHDW PHWURSROLV 7KLV SURPLQHQFH EHVSHDNV RI WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI WKLV GLYLQLW\ LQ WKH DQFLHQW SDQWKHRQ DQG ULWXDO SUDFWLFHV RI 7HRWLKXDFDQ <HW DOWKRXJK WKH 6WRUP JRG KDV EHHQ VWXGLHG E\ 7HRWLKXDFDQLVWV IRU VRPH WLPH D FRKHUHQW WUHDWPHQW WKDW LGHQWLｿHV DQG VHJUHJDWHV DOO RI LWV YDULHG PDQLIHVWDWLRQV LV VWLOO ZDQWLQJ )RU WKH DQFLHQW 0D\D WKH PDWFKLQJ UDLQ GLYLQLW\ NQRZQ DV Chaahk OLWHUDOO\ ｵWKXQGHUｶ LV DOVR NQRZQ IRU LWV PDQ\ PDQLIHVWDWLRQV ZKHUHLQ HDFK VHUYHG DV HPERGLPHQWV RU SHUVRQLｿFDWLRQV RI GLVWLQFWLYH DWPRVSKHULF SKHQRPHQD 7KDQNV WR WKH DVVRFLDWHG JO\SKLF FDSWLRQV WKDW QDPH HDFK RI WKHVH PDQLIHVWDWLRQV RI Chaahk ZH DUH QRZ LQ D SRVLWLRQ WR FUHDWH D PRUH VRXQG FODVVLｿFDWLRQ RI WKHVH GLYHUVH HPERGLPHQWV DQG WR EHJLQ WR WLH WKHVH WR SDUWLFXODU W\SHV RI UDLQV DQG VWRUPV 2QH RI WKH SULPDU\ VHWV RI SHUVRQLｿFDWLRQV RI WKH 0D\D Chaahk LV WLHG WR WKH FDUGLQDO SRLQWV ZKHUHLQ HDFK PDQLIHVWDWLRQ LV DVVRFLDWHG WR WKH PDWFKLQJ FRORUDWLRQ RI WKH SULPH GLUHFWLRQV RI WKH KHDYHQV 8VLQJ &ODVVLF 0D\D DV ZHOO DV 3RVWFODVVLF $]WHF DQG 0L[WHF GDWD DV VRXUFHV RI DQDORJ\ LW EHFRPHV FOHDU WKDW ZH DUH DEOH WR LGHQWLI\ VRPH RI WKH PRUH VDOLHQW PDQLIHVWDWLRQV RI WKH 7HRWLKXDFDQ 6WRUP JRG WR FODULI\ WKH DVVRFLDWHG IHDWXUHV DQG WR SURYLGH D WHPSODWH RU XQGHUO\LQJ VWUXFWXUH WR WKH DQFLHQW SDQWKHRQ DQG FRVPRORJ\ RI 7HRWLKXDFDQ Resumen (O GLRV GH ODV WRUPHQWDV GH 7HRWLKXDFDQ ｲ HYLGHQWHPHQWH XQ SURWRWLSR GH Tlaalok OD GHLGDG GH OD OOXYLD GH ORV D]WHFDV SRVWHULRUHV ｲ IXH GHVWDFDGD SURPLQHQWHPHQWH HQ OD LFRQRJUDItD GH HVWD JUDQ PHWUySROLV (VWD SUHSRQGHUDQFLD GHQRWD OD HQYHUJDGXUD GH HVWD GLYLQLGDG GHQWUR GHO DQWLJXR SDQWHyQ \ ODV SUiFWLFDV ULWXDOHV GH 7HRWLKXDFDQ 6LQ HPEDUJR DXQTXH ORV WHRWLKXDFDQLVWDV KDQ HVWXGLDGR DO GLRV GH ODV WRUPHQWDV KDFH DOJ~Q WLHPSR D~Q QR VH KD HIHFWXDGR XQ WUDWDPLHQWR FRKHUHQWH TXH LGHQWLｿTXH \ VHSDUH D WRGDV VXV P~OWLSOHV PDQLIHVWDFLRQHV /D GHLGDG FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH HQ HO FDVR GH ORV DQWLJXRV PD\DV FRQRFLGD FRPR Chaahk FX\R VLJQLｿFDGR OLWHUDO HV ｵWUXHQRｶ WDPELpQ HV FRQRFLGD SRU VXV P~OWLSOHV PDQLIHVWDFLRQHV HQ GRQGH FDGD XQD GH HVWDV IXQFLRQDED D PDQHUD GH HQFDUQDFLRQHV R SHUVRQLｿFDFLRQHV GH IHQyPHQRV DWPRVIpULFRV SDUWLFXODUHV *UDFLDV D ORV SDVDMHV MHURJOtｿFRV DVRFLDGRV TXH QRPEUDQ D FDGD XQD GH HVWDV PDQLIHVWDFLRQHV GH Chaahk QRV HQFRQWUDPRV HQ XQD SRVLFLyQ TXH SHUPLWH FUHDU XQD FODVLｿFDFLyQ PiV VyOLGD GH HVWDV GLIHUHQWHV SHUVRQLｿFDFLRQHV \ FRPHQ]DU D YLQFXODUODV FRQ WLSRV SDUWLFXODUHV GH OOXYLDV \ WRUPHQWDV 8QR GH ORV FRQMXQWRV SULPDULRV GH SHUVRQLｿFDFLRQHV del Chaahk PD\D HVWi UHODFLRQDGR FRQ ORV SXQWRV FDUGLQDOHV HQ GRQGH FDGD PDQLIHVWDFLyQ HVWi DVRFLDGD FRQ OD FRORUDFLyQ FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH D ODV SULQFLSDOHV GLUHFFLRQHV FHOHVWLDOHV (O HPSOHR GH GDWRV SURYHQLHQWH GH ORV PD\DV GHO &OiVLFR \ GH ORV D]WHFDV \ ORV PL[WHFRV GHO 3RVFOiVLFR FRPR IXHQWHV GH FRPSDUDFLyQ VH KDFH HYLGHQWH QXHVWUD FDSDFLGDG SDUD LGHQWLｿFDU D DOJXQDV GH ODV PDQLIHVWDFLRQHV PiV GHVWDFDGDV GHO GLRV GH ODV WRUPHQWDV GH 7HRWLKXDFDQ SDUD DFODUDU ORV UDVJRV DVRFLDGRV \ SDUD SURSRUFLRQDU XQ SDWUyQ R HVWUXFWXUD VXE\DFHQWH DO DQWLJXR SDQWHyQ \ FRVPRORJtD GH 7HRWLKXDFDQ Contributions in New World Archaeology
Transcript of the personifications of celestial water: the many guises of the storm ...
THE PERSONIFICATIONS OF CELESTIAL WATER:
THE MANY GUISES OF THE STORM GOD
IN THE PANTHEON AND COSMOLOGY OF TEOTIHUACAN
University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Abstract
Tlaalok
Chaahk
ChaahkChaahk
Resumen
Tlaalok
Chaahk
Chaahk
del Chaahk
Contributions in New World Archaeology
166
INTRODUCTION
1) anteojos 2) curving
bigotera 3) colmillos
The corpus
167
“TLALOC A”, “TLALOC B” AND STORM GOD
Tlaalok
Tlaalok
Tlaalok
Figure 1.
168
Tlaalok remains
tlaal
Codex BorgiaTlaaloke
Tlaalok
Tlaaloke
Codex Borgia
169
QUADRIPARTITE RAIN AND THUNDER DEITIES IN MESOAMERICA
Cháak Nukuch Cháako’obminor Cháak Cháak
Hopo ka’an CháakAjbolon ka’an Cháak Cháak
Cháak
Dresden CodexChaahk
Chaahk
Demonstrative TheonymCardinal
directionTranslation
Alay? Chak Xib Chaahk lak’in ‘This is the Red man Chaahk
Alay? K’an Xib Chaahk nohol Chaahk
Alay? Ihk’ Xib Chaahk chik’in Chaahk
Alay? Sak Xib Chaahk nal Chaahk
ChaahkChak Xib Chaahk
170
ChaahkGod K (K’awiil Chan Itzam Tuun
tepetlakalli
Tlaalok
TlaalokCodex Borgia Tlaalok
Tlaalok
Kosiyo urns that
Figure 2. Codex DresdenPostclassic Maya rain and thunder deity Chaahk
Chaahk Chaahk in a cenote Chaahk beating on
Chaahk
171
Figure 3.
172
Figure 4. The cosmogram depicted in Codex Borgia
TlaalokTlaalok smoulders under the piercing
173
Figure 5.
174
talud-tablero
talud-tableroe.g
Figure 6.
175
Figure 7.
176
Figure 8.
177
THE COLOURS OF THE CARDINAL DIRECTIONS
tied to red (chak ek’ k’an sakyax
associations is not only recorded in the Dresden Codex
et al.
5
tepetlakallith e.g.
et al.
5
178
Codex Borgia
Codex Vaticanus
tepetlakalli de
Seeing
179
Table 1:
Legend: (1) passim (2) (3)
(4) (5)
(6)
(7) (8) (9)
(10) (11) Codex Borgia (12) Tepetlakalli(13) Codex Fejérváry-Mayer (14) (15) (16) Codex
Dresden (17) (18)
180
RECONSTRUCTING THE PLACE OF THE STORM GOD IN THE PANTHEON
OF TEOTIHUACAN
Codex Borbonicus
teixiptla
TlaalokCodex Borbonicus
Tlaalok is also evident in the Codex BorgiaTlaaloke
Codex Borgia
Tlaalok
TlaalokTlaalok
TlaalokTlaalok are depicted it is clear that these Tlaalok are
Treatise on Mexican Antiquities, ,
History of the Mexicans through Their Paintings.Tlaalok
The History of the Mexicans through their PaintingsGolden Book and Indian Thesaurus
181
Figure 9. Codex Borbonicus TlaalokeChikoomekoowaatl
182
Tlaalok
th th
Tepee-ilwitlPopooka-tepeetl Istaak-siwaatl
Xoochi-ketzal
th
Weey-pachtli
amilpanXoochiketzal
Tlaalok
Tlaalok
Tlaalok
Tlaalok
Chaahk
Chaahke.g.
The Book of the Gods and Rites The Ancient CalendarThe History of the Indies of New Spain
183
Yax Ha’al Chaahk ‘First Rains Chaahk Yax Mayuy Chan Chaahk ‘Chaahk K’ahk’ Chan Chaahk ‘Chaahk K’ahk’ Yipiiy Chan Chaahk ‘Chaahk
Chaahk Chaahk
had many different ChaahkChaahk
ChaahkChaahk
Chaahk
Nu’n Ujo’l Chaahk ‘Nu’n Chaahk Nu’n Ujo’l K’inich ‘Nu’n K’inich
K’ahk’ Yipiiy Chan Chaahk ‘Chaahk K’ahk’ Yipyaj Chan K’awiil ‘K’awiil
K’ahk’ Tiliiw Chan Chaahk ‘Chaahk K’ahk’ Tiliw Chan Yopaat ‘Yopaat
Sihyaj Chan K’awiil ‘K’awiil Sihyaj Chan K’inich ‘K’inich
Baluun Chaahk Chaahk Baluun K’awiil K’awiil
Waxaklajuun Ubaah K’awiil K’awiil Waxaklajuun Ubaah Kan Kan
Waxaklajuun Ubaah K’awiil K’awiil
Waxaklajuun Ubaah Kan ‘Eighteen
be contrasted to those headed by baluun
184
K’awiil Chaahk
et al.
CLASSIFICATION AND TYPOLOGY OF THE TEOTIHUACAN STORM GOD
La Población del Valle de Teotihuacán
185
Figure 10.
186
eye rings upper lip fangs
a lightning serpent water-lily or a maize frond
the
atlatl
Weeytosostli
th
K’AN
et al.
187
Figure 11.
188
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
189
and
FINAL REMARKS
190
ancient Mesoamerican theologians appear to have attempted to reduce the greater deity to smaller
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
th International
REFERENCES
Teotihuacán: Onceava Mesa Redonda
Ancient Maya Cosmological Landscapes: Early Classic Mural Paintings at Río Azul, Peten, Guatemala
Seminario del Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas. Mexicoth
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures: The Civilization of Mexico and Central America, Vol. 2
Teotihuacan Art Abroad
191
Art, Ideology, and the City of Teotihuacan.
Feathered Serpents and Flowering Trees: Reconstructing the Murals of Teotihuacan
Teotihuacan: Art from the City of the Gods
La Población del Valle de Teotihuacán
Cycles of Time and Meaning in the Mexican Books of Fate
Maya Vase Database
Aztec Ceremonial Landscapes
Arqueología Mexicana
Place of the High Painted Walls: The Tepantitla Murals and the Teotihuacan Writing System.
Animals of the Soul: Sacred Animals of the Oglala Sioux
La Pintura Mural Prehispánica en Mexico. Teotihuacán. Tomo II: Estudios
Mesoamerica’s Classic Heritage: From Teotihuacán to the Aztecs
Ancient Mesoamerica
Teotihuacan: Cité des dieux
Teotihuacán: Onceava Mesa RedondaCODEX BORBONICUS
CODEX BORGIA
CODEX DRESDEN
192
CODEX FEJÉRVÁRY-MAYER
The North American Indian: Being a Series of Volumes Picturing and describing the Indians of the United States and Alaska, Vol. 1
La Pintura Mural Prehispánica en Mexico. Teotihuacán. Tomo I: Catálogo
La Pintura Mural Prehispánica en Mexico. Teotihuacán. Tomo II: Estudios
World Archaeology
Sweeping the way: Divine Transformation in the Aztec Festival of Ochpaniztli
Book of the Gods and Rites and The ancient calendar
The History of the Indies of New Spain
The Cloud People: Divergent Evolution of the Zapotec and Mixtec Civilizations
Maya Cosmos: Three Thousand Years on the Shaman’s Path
La Población del Valle de Teotihuacán
Chaahk, el dios de la lluvia, en el periodo clásico maya: aspectos religiosos y políticos
Estudios de Cultura MayaRevista Española de
Antropología Americana
Teogonía e historia de los mexicanos: Tres opúsculos del siglo XVI
The Sioux: Life and Customs of a Warrior Society th
Teotihuacan:
th
Chaahkth
Maya III: Life, Death, Time
F.L.A.A.R. Progress Reports
193
Mesoamerican Sites and World-Views
Handbook of North American Indians: Southwest, Vol. 9
Veiled Brightness: A history of Ancient Maya Color
Estudios de Cultura Náhuatl
An analytical dictionary of Nahuatl
La costa del Golfo en tiempos teotihuacanos: propuestas y perspectivas. Memoria de la Segunda Redonda de Teotihuacan
Journal of Latin American Lore
The Iconography of the Art of Teotihuacan
Continuity and Change: Maya Religious Practices in Temporal Perspective
Art, Ideology, and the City of Teotihuacan, edited
by . Ideologia y
política a través de materiales, imágenes y símbolos. Memoria de la Primera Mesa Redonda de Teotihuacan, edited by
The Ethnographical Museum of Sweden
Aztecs
Arqueología Mexicana
Estudios de Cultura Náhuatl
194
Color and Cognition in Mesoamerica: Constructing Categories as Vantages
Women’s Ritual in Formative Oaxaca
Maya Archaeology
Aztecs
The Mural Paintings of Teotihuacán
Feathered Serpents and Flowering Trees: Reconstructing the Murals of Teotihuacan
The Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees
Etnología del Istmo Veracruzano
Sandpaintings of the Navajo Shooting Chant
Art of the Empire: Teotihuacan Iconography and Style in Early Classic Maya Society (A.D. 380-500).
Ancient Mesoamerica
ChaahkThe Maya and their sacred narratives: text and context in Maya mythologies
The Art of Urbanism: How Mesoamerican Kingdoms Represented Themselves in Architecture and Imagery
The Murals of Tepantitla, TeotihuacanAtti del XL Congresso
Internazionale degli AmericanistiThe Iconography of the Teotihuacan Tlaloc
Feathered Serpents and Flowering Trees: Reconstructing the Murals of Teotihuacan
Teotihuacan: An experiment in living
195
Taríacuri’s Legacy: The Prehispanic Tarascan State
tendencias culturales .
Chan Kom: a Maya Village
Navaho Religion: A Study of Symbolism
Mexican Manuscript Painting of the Early Colonial Period: The Metropolitan Schools
The Blood of Kings: Dynasty and Ritual in Maya Art
Balance y perspectiva de la antropología de Mesoamérica y del centro de México, XIII Mesa Redonda, Xalapa
and Comparative Material
Un Palacio en la Ciudad de los Dioses. Teotihuacan
El lenguaje de las formas en TeotihuacánArqueología de Teotihuacán: La cerámicaTeotihuacan: Métropole de l’amérique.
International Congress of Americanists: Proceedings of the XVIII Session, London
Archives of the International Folk-Lore AssociationHopi Journal of Alexander M. Stephen
Reading Maya Art: A Hieroglyphic Guide to Ancient Maya Painting and Sculpture. London: Thames
. Ancient Mesoamerica
Atti del XL Congresso Internazionale degli Americanisti
The Major Gods of Ancient Yucatan
Olmec Art and Archaeology in Mesoamerica
196
Ancient AmericaRES: Anthropology
and AestheticsArqueología
e historia del Centro de México: Homenaje a Eduardo Matos Moctezuma
Teotihuacan: Cité des dieux
Painting the Cosmos: Metaphor and worldview in images from the Southwest and Pueblos and Mexico
Their Way of Writing: Scripts, Signs, and Pictographies in Pre-Columbian America
Ethnology of the Mayas of Southern and Central British Honduras
Maya History and ReligionMonographs and Papers in Maya Archaeology
Aztec Ceremonial Landscapes
Landa’s Relación de las cosas de Yucatan
Arqueología Mexicana
Teotihuacan: Guía visual
Dioses de la lluvia
Códices prehispánicos y coloniales tempranos: Catálogo, Mayas, Mexicas, Mixtecos y Grupo Borgia
Handbook of North American Indians: Southwest, Vol. 9
La iconografía de Teotihuacan: Los dioses y los signos.
