Modern Periodic TableModern Periodic Table

What’s in the box?What’s in the box?

What does the 1 stand What does the 1 stand for?for? Atomic NumberAtomic Number This tells us what about an This tells us what about an

atom of H?atom of H? # of protons# of protons

What does the 1.007947 What does the 1.007947 stand for?stand for? Atomic MassAtomic Mass This tells us what about an This tells us what about an

atom of H?atom of H? Mass in nucleus (# of Mass in nucleus (# of

protons and neutrons)protons and neutrons)

On the modern periodic table, how are On the modern periodic table, how are elements arranged?elements arranged? In order of increasing atomic number, left to In order of increasing atomic number, left to

rightright

What do we call the columns (up and What do we call the columns (up and down) on the periodic table?down) on the periodic table? GROUPS (or families)GROUPS (or families)

What do we call the rows (left and right) on What do we call the rows (left and right) on the periodic table?the periodic table? PERIODSPERIODS

What does periodic mean?What does periodic mean? Having or being marked by repeated cyclesHaving or being marked by repeated cycles

What element does period 1 begin with?What element does period 1 begin with? HH

How many periods are there on the table?How many periods are there on the table? 77

PeriodsPeriods

GroupsGroups Two different number systems for groupsTwo different number systems for groups In the first numbering system, groups are In the first numbering system, groups are

number 1-8 and each number is followed by number 1-8 and each number is followed by either an A or B either an A or B

The groups labeled A are the main groups (1A The groups labeled A are the main groups (1A thru 8A)thru 8A) Representative elementsRepresentative elements

This is because they possess a wide range of chemical and This is because they possess a wide range of chemical and physical propertiesphysical properties

The groups designated with a B (1B thru 8B) are The groups designated with a B (1B thru 8B) are found in the centerfound in the center Transition ElementsTransition Elements

A more recent numbering system has been A more recent numbering system has been devised numbering 1-18devised numbering 1-18

Classification of ElementsClassification of Elements

What was another pattern of organization What was another pattern of organization you noticed on the periodic table?you noticed on the periodic table? Physical properties and statesPhysical properties and states

3 main classifications of elements3 main classifications of elements MetalsMetals NonmetalsNonmetals MetalloidsMetalloids

1. Metals1. Metals

Elements that are shiny, Elements that are shiny, smooth and cleansmooth and clean

Solid at room temperatureSolid at room temperature Good conductors of heat Good conductors of heat

and electricityand electricity MalleableMalleable

Hammered flat into a sheetHammered flat into a sheet

DuctileDuctile Drawn out into a wireDrawn out into a wire

1. Metals1. Metals

All group B and most group A elementsAll group B and most group A elements Staircase line is divider between metals Staircase line is divider between metals

and nonmetals (Boron 3A and Astatine and nonmetals (Boron 3A and Astatine 7A)7A)

ALMOST all elements on left side of table ALMOST all elements on left side of table are metals are metals What is the exception?What is the exception?

HydrogenHydrogen

Alkali and Alkaline Earth metalsAlkali and Alkaline Earth metals(Group A)(Group A)

What does alkali mean?What does alkali mean? basicbasic

Alkali metalsAlkali metals Group 1A (except hydrogen)Group 1A (except hydrogen)

Alkaline earth metalsAlkaline earth metals Group 2AGroup 2A

Both alkali and alkaline earth metals are Both alkali and alkaline earth metals are chemically reactivechemically reactive Alkali metals more reactive…why do you think?Alkali metals more reactive…why do you think?

Valence electrons…how many do group 1A elements have?Valence electrons…how many do group 1A elements have? Is this stable?Is this stable?

Transition ElementsTransition Elements(Group B)(Group B)

2 categories2 categories Transition metalsTransition metals Inner Transition Metals (2 types)Inner Transition Metals (2 types)

Inner Transition MetalsInner Transition Metals

Located along the bottom of the periodic tableLocated along the bottom of the periodic table 2 sets2 sets

Lanthanide seriesLanthanide series Top row of the inner transition elementsTop row of the inner transition elements These elements are used as phosphorsThese elements are used as phosphors

Substances that emit light when struck by electronsSubstances that emit light when struck by electrons Where have we seen this before?Where have we seen this before? Where do we see this today?Where do we see this today?

Actinide seriesActinide series Bottom row of the inner transition elementsBottom row of the inner transition elements

Transition elementsTransition elements

All other group B elements that are not All other group B elements that are not inner transition elements inner transition elements

Basically the Group B elements we see on Basically the Group B elements we see on the actual periodic table…the actual periodic table… Think of it as the ‘continental US’Think of it as the ‘continental US’

3 main classifications of 3 main classifications of elementselements

MetalsMetals

NonmetalsNonmetalsMetalloidsMetalloids

2. Nonmetals2. Nonmetals

Occupy the upper right side of the periodic Occupy the upper right side of the periodic tabletable

Usually gasesUsually gases Brittle, dull-looking solidsBrittle, dull-looking solids Poor conductors of heat and electricityPoor conductors of heat and electricity Bromine (Br) is the only nonmetal that is Bromine (Br) is the only nonmetal that is

liquid at room temperatureliquid at room temperature

Important nonmetalsImportant nonmetals

Group 7AGroup 7A HalogensHalogens

Highly reactive elementsHighly reactive elements What does this mean?What does this mean? Why are they highly reactive?Why are they highly reactive? Look at the valence electronsLook at the valence electrons

Group 8AGroup 8A Noble gasesNoble gases

Highly unreactiveHighly unreactive Why?Why? 8 valence electrons8 valence electrons

3 main classifications of 3 main classifications of elementselements

MetalsMetalsNonmetalsNonmetals

MetalloidsMetalloids

3. Metalloids3. Metalloids Border the stair-case lineBorder the stair-case line Elements with physical and chemical Elements with physical and chemical

properties of both metals and non-metalsproperties of both metals and non-metals Silicon and germaniumSilicon and germanium

Two of the most important metalloidsTwo of the most important metalloids Anyone know why?Anyone know why? Used in computer chips and solar cellsUsed in computer chips and solar cells

Everyday ExamplesEveryday Examples

Metals?Metals? JewelryJewelry Pot and pansPot and pans CarsCars

Nonmetals?Nonmetals? Air we breathAir we breath NitrogenNitrogen Neon signsNeon signs diamondsdiamonds

Metalloids?Metalloids? Computer chipsComputer chips