The The Pax RomanaPax RomanaAncient Rome UnitAncient Rome Unit

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Causes for Decline of Causes for Decline of the Roman Republicthe Roman Republic

After Roman Republic begins policy of After Roman Republic begins policy of imperialismimperialism, which quickly leads to decline., which quickly leads to decline.– What is imperialism?What is imperialism?

characterizing the rule or authority of a characterizing the rule or authority of a sovereign state over its dependencies. sovereign state over its dependencies.

– What wars do you believe would have started What wars do you believe would have started this?this?

After the Punic Wars, the Republic is After the Punic Wars, the Republic is consumed by civil war.consumed by civil war.– Factors are described in the FALLS Mnemonic that Factors are described in the FALLS Mnemonic that

we just learned.we just learned.– Leads to chaos, corruption, and end of Republic.Leads to chaos, corruption, and end of Republic.

FFall related to the all related to the new pressures of new new pressures of new social and economic social and economic conditions.conditions. Political leaders Political leaders

often resorted to often resorted to violence to solve violence to solve problems instead problems instead of compromise.of compromise.

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AA huge migration of huge migration of small farmers into small farmers into cities = no jobscities = no jobs

LLots of slaves from ots of slaves from newly conquered newly conquered territoriesterritories By the fall of the By the fall of the

Republic, between 1 Republic, between 1 & 3 million people & 3 million people living in Rome were living in Rome were slaves. (~35% of slaves. (~35% of population!!)population!!)

Slave rebellions in Slave rebellions in places like Sicily (led places like Sicily (led by Spartacus) led to by Spartacus) led to grain shortages and grain shortages and chaos.chaos.

http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlton/Rome_Reading_1.html

LLoss of value of oss of value of Roman money, Roman money, inflationinflation

SSpark = Death of Julius park = Death of Julius Caesar and the fighting Caesar and the fighting over his heir (44 B.C.)over his heir (44 B.C.) Julius CaesarJulius Caesar took power as part of the took power as part of the

First Triumvirate (a group of three leaders).First Triumvirate (a group of three leaders). Caesar wrestled power away from the Caesar wrestled power away from the

other two leaders and in 49 B.C. became other two leaders and in 49 B.C. became the dictator of Rome.the dictator of Rome.

Many Senators, led by Brutus, felt he was Many Senators, led by Brutus, felt he was too powerful and conspired to kill him.too powerful and conspired to kill him.

On March 15, 44 B.C. (The “ides” of March), On March 15, 44 B.C. (The “ides” of March), Caesar is ambushed and killed by members Caesar is ambushed and killed by members of the Senate.of the Senate.

http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlton/Rome_Reading_1.html

Who is Julius Caesar?Who is Julius Caesar? 60 BC 60 BC FirstFirst

Triumvirate (have to Triumvirate (have to remember this term!)remember this term!) takes control – group of takes control – group of three that rule.three that rule.

Julius Caesar is one of Julius Caesar is one of the threethe three

After a few years, other After a few years, other two die; one dies, one two die; one dies, one murdered.murdered.

Caesar gains control, Caesar gains control, named dictator for life.named dictator for life.

People afraid he would People afraid he would gain too much powergain too much power

So what do they do?So what do they do?

Death to CaesarDeath to Caesar

60 senators 60 senators plot to kill himplot to kill him

Stabbed to Stabbed to death on the death on the Ides of Ides of MarchMarch in the in the Senate.Senate.

Does he have Does he have a clear heir?a clear heir?

Video ClipVideo Clip

While watching this video, While watching this video, identify the following two people.identify the following two people.– Mark AnthonyMark Anthony

– Octavian AugustusOctavian Augustus

The Pax Romana The Pax Romana “Roman Peace” (27 “Roman Peace” (27 B.C.-180 A.D.)B.C.-180 A.D.) So to review:So to review:

– Caesar dies 44 B.C.Caesar dies 44 B.C.– Augustus is in Caesar’s will, Marc Anthony Augustus is in Caesar’s will, Marc Anthony

is angry.is angry.– They fight, then cooperate, with Marc They fight, then cooperate, with Marc

Anthony ruling in the East and Augustus in Anthony ruling in the East and Augustus in the West.the West.

– Augustus gains total control in 31 BC after Augustus gains total control in 31 BC after defeating Anthony and Cleopatra– defeating Anthony and Cleopatra– becomes becomes 11stst Roman Emperor Roman Emperor..

– 27 B.C. – Augustus begins a series of 27 B.C. – Augustus begins a series of reforms to usher in the Pax Romana.reforms to usher in the Pax Romana.

2nd Triumvirate!

The Period known as the The Period known as the P.A.X. Romana is P.A.X. Romana is remembered for three remembered for three reasons.reasons.

PPeace for Two eace for Two

Centuries (27 B.C. – 180 Centuries (27 B.C. – 180 A.D.)A.D.) Why? Why?

– The Roman Empire was too strong The Roman Empire was too strong and united to be challenged.and united to be challenged.

– The Roman military was nearly The Roman military was nearly invincible.invincible.

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AAugustus Caesar ugustus Caesar

established the Pax established the Pax RomanaRomana Often said Emperor Often said Emperor

Augustus, “Found Augustus, “Found Rome a city of brick Rome a city of brick and left it a city of and left it a city of marble.”marble.”

Unified and enlarged Unified and enlarged Roman Empire using Roman Empire using imperial authority imperial authority and strong military.and strong military.

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XXpansion and pansion and

Solidification of Roman Solidification of Roman EmpireEmpire

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ReflectionReflection

We just defined the We just defined the characteristics of the Pax Romana characteristics of the Pax Romana (PAX). What are some things that (PAX). What are some things that Augustus probably did to create Augustus probably did to create the Pax Romana?the Pax Romana?