THE PARTS OF A SPEECH

WORDS CLASSIFICATION

Traditional grammar classifies words based on eight parts of speech:

Verb Noun Pronoun Adjective Adverb Preposition Conjunction Interjection

PARTS OF A SPEECH

Express actions, events or states of being.

Dracula bites his victims in the neck. (expressing action)

Giselle Warren was my first teacher. (state of being)

The teacher taught the lesson number 1. A) action B) Event C) state of being

1. Verb

Name a person, animal, place, thing and abstract idea.

How many nouns can you see here?

Last year our neighbors bought a boat. Portia White was an opera singer. The bus inspector looked at all the passengers. According to Plutarch, the library at Alexandria

was destroyed.

2. Noun

Use it to replace a noun in order to make your sentences less repetitive.

TYPES OF PRONOUNS Personal- I, you, she, he, it, we, they… Demonstrative- this, these, that, those… Interrogative- what, who, whom, which… Indefinite- all, another, anybody, each, many,

none… Relative- who, whom, that, which Reflexive- myself, yourself, herself, himself… Possessive- mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs Object- me, you, her, him, us, them…

3. Pronoun

Modifies a noun by describing, identifying or quantifying words.

CAN YOU IDENTIFY THE ADJECTIVES? The truck-shaped balloon floated over the

houses. Mr. Walden papered his kitchen walls with

flowered wall paper. The coals mines are dark. The back room was filled with large, yellow

umbrellas.

4. Adjective

Modifies a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a phrase or a clause. It Indicates manner, time, place, cause or degree and answers questions such as how, when, where and how much.

Some adverbs can be identified by the suffix ly but must of them must be identified by untangling the grammatical relationships within the sentence or clause as a whole.

5. Adverb

CAN YOU IDENTIFY THE ADVERBS?

The woman quickly made the clothes. We urged him to dial the number more carefully. Unfortunately, the bank closed at three today. Finally, the doors to the stadium were opened. They celebrate the festival annually. American cuisine is actually quite diverse. Everyone knows that fried chicken is practically

a staple food of the south in the USA.

Links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. The word or phrase that the preposition introduces is called the object of the preposition.

The preposition indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object with the rest of the sentence.

The book is on the table. The book is under the table. She reads the book during class.

6. Preposition

The children climbed the mountain without fear.

There was rejoicing throughout the land when the government was defeated.

The dog is hiding under the porch because it knows it will be punished for chewing up a pair of shoes.

The writer check for the manuscript he was sure was somewhere in his office.

Can you identify the prepositions?

You use conjunctions to link words, phrases and clauses.

I ate the pizza and the pasta. Call your mother when you are ready.

Co-ordinating conjunctions. And, but, for, or, so, yet, nor. Use them to join individual words, phrases and clauses.

Subordinating conjunctions introduce a dependent clause and indicate the nature of the relationship among the independent clauses and the dependent clauses. After, although, as, because, before, how, if once, since, than, though, till, until, whether, while…

7. Conjuction

Lilacs and violets are usually purple. Daniel’s uncle claim that he spent most of

his youth dancing on rooftops and swallowing goldfish.

After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent.

If the paper work arrives on time, your check will be mailed on Tuesday.

Gerald had to begin his thesis over again when his computer crashed.

Can you identify the conjunctions?

Is a word added to a sentence to convey emotion. It’s not grammatically related to any other part of the sentence. You usually follow an interjection with an exclamation mark.

CAN YOU IDENTIFY THE INTERJECTIONS? Ouch, that hurt! Oh no, I forgot that the exam was today! I heard one guy say to another guy “he has a car,

eh?” I don’t know about you but, good lord, taxes are so

high!

8. Interjection

Each part of the speech explain what the word is and how the word is used.

The same word can be a noun in one sentence and a verb in the other

The next examples show how a word can change from a function to another…

Books are made of ink, paper and glue. Debora waits patiently while Bridget books the tickets

What’s the function of books in the first sentence?

What’s the function of books in the second sentence?

In the first it’s a noun. In the second it’s a verb.

CAN YOU IDENTIFY THESE FUNCTIONS?

We walk down the street. The mail carrier stood in the walk.

The town decided to built a jail The sheriff will jail the robbers.

The children’s cries are annoying. The baby cries all night long.

The clown chased a dog around the ring. A) verb b) noun c) preposition d) adverb

Yikes! I’m late for class. A) noun b) conjunction c) interjection

Mr. Frederic angrily stamped out the fire. A) verb b) noun c) adjective d) adverb

What was I thinking of? A) noun b) verb c) adverbd) pronoun

The manager confidently made his presentation to the board of directors.

A) verb b) adverb c) adjective d)noun

EXERCISES1. Select the correct option

Exciting new products and effective marketing strategies will guarantee the company’s success.

Dust covered every surface in the locked bedroom.

Small children often insist that they can do it by themselves.

Hawaii is the only state in the United States that was an independent country.

Anyone that would like to enter pays a modest fee.

People can attend a farm animal auction at the fair.

2. Classify the words in these sentenses