The Parkes Radio Telescope as an SKA science and ... · The Parkes Radio Telescope as an SKA...

TheParkesRadioTelescopeasanSKAscienceandtechnologypathfinderNZSKAFORUM(S4SKA)2018

CSIROASTRONOMYANDSPACESCIENCE

JimiGreen|ParkesSeniorSystemScientist,CASSGroupLeader

13thFebruary2018,Auckland

Overview

TheCSIROParkesRadioTelescope,the‘Dish’

SquareKilometreArray technologywiththeDish

SquareKilometreArrayscience withtheDish

SquareKilometreArrayeducation withtheDish

Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen2 |

ParkesRadioTelescope,‘TheDish’BriefHistory

• 64mradiotelescope,~380kmwestofSydney,~20kmnorthfromtownofParkes,ownedandoperatedbyCSIRO

• Threeyearstodesignandtwoyearstobuild-officiallyopenedon31October1961

• Operatingformorethan55years

• Continualupgrades&evolutionhavebeenkey(newsurfaces,newfocuscabin,newreceiverse.g.multibeam,backendsystems)

• Multitudeofscientificdiscoveries

• Otheractivities- spacecrafttracking(‘TheDish’)


ParkesRadioTelescope,‘TheDish’Currentcapabilities

• 700MHzto~25GHzacross8receivers

• Including13-beam21cm‘multibeam’system

• Spectral andtemporalbackendcapabilities

• Forsingle-beamtimedomain(events<1s)andspectrometry(“DFB4”)

• Forsingle-beamtimedomainandnewlimitedpiggybackspectrometry(“CASPSR”)

• Formulti-beam(13beams)timedomainandspectrometry(“HIPSR/BPSR”)

– Real-timeFastRadioBurstdetection

• ForVeryLongBaselineInterferometry,VLBI(“DAS”&“Mk-V”)

• FledglingGPUbasedbackend‘medusa’


• Crucialtoenablinghighsurveyspeedsforlarge-area/all-skyscience

• ConsortiumworkingonPAFdesigns,partofAdvancedInstrumentationProgramme ->ObservatoryDevelopmentProgramme

• Variousdesigns/technologiesbeingexplored

• AustralianSKAPathfinderPhasedArrayFeeds

• Initial‘BETA’usedCSIRO1st

generation,“MKI”,PAFs

• Antennasnowoutfittedwith2nd

generation,“MKII”PAFs

Parkes&theSKA|JimiGreen

SKATechnologywiththeDishPhasedArrayFeedDevelopment

5 |

CSIROAustralianSKAPathfinder,ASKAP

TheteamsfromCanada(NRC),theNetherlands(ASTRON)andAustralia(CSIRO)with

theirrespectivePhasedArrayFeeddesigns

CSIROAustralianSKAPathfinder,ASKAP


• MaxPlanckInstitute(MPIfR)PhasedArrayFeed- Re-purposedASKAPfeed(“MKII”),commissionedonParkesin2016

• Timed3Pulsarssimultaneously

• Spectrallineobservations- veryflatandstablebandpass

• NowcommissioningonEffelsberg

• 12-mantennamonitoringVelapulsar(“MKI”PAF)

• ‘Rocket’PhasedArrayFeed(thirdgeneration)

• Prototype(uncooled)ondishtesting(plusaperturetests)May2016- veryencouragingforpurposebuiltversion

• 700MHz– 2GHz,3xMBfieldofview,sub-20KTsys

• LIEFproposalinpreparationforfundingfor2019construction




30

Feed array performance comparison

Parkesmul+beam(T/η)

Parkesmul+beam

Chippendaleetal.(arXiv:1606.03533)

CryogenicrocketPAF(est.)

CryogenicrocketPAF(est)

MPIPAF

MPIPAF

System

Tem

perature/Efficien

cy

PHISCC2017 Pune

• Enablesaffordablefrequencyagilityandincreasedsciencereturn

• SKAconsortiumdedicatedtothisactivity(‘WBSPF’),partofAdvancedInstrumentationProgramme /ObservatoryDevelopment

• Typicalreceivershavean‘octave’bandwidthratioof~1:1.85,e.g.H-OHreceiveris1.2to1.8GHz

• ‘Wide-bandwidth’pushestechnologytoratiosof1:3,1:5,1:10….

• Reducesneedformultiplereceiversandprovidesmorefrequencycoveragesimultaneously


SKATechnologywiththeDishWide-bandwidthfeeds

8 |

SKA

SKA

SKA

SKA

SKA

• Ultra-WidebandLowFrequencySinglePixelFeed

• Quadridge structurewithdielectricspear

• 0.7—4.0GHz,Tsys ~22K,SEFD~35Jy

• PartlyfundedthroughAustralianResearchCouncilLIEFgrant

• FirstlightAugust2017withprotoype build

• Scheduledforfullcommissioningincomingmonths

• Ultra-WidebandMid/HighFrequencySinglePixelFeed(s)inplanning- oneortwofeedstocover4GHzupto25GHz– VLBIandradartrackingbenefits

• Widebandfeedsshare‘pan’:focuscabinwith1PAF+singlepixelcoverage0.7->~25GHz


SKATechnologywiththeDishWide-bandwidthfeeds

9 |

• PulsarSearching

• Detectionmachine>1500,~1/2ofall

• Cryo-PAF– largerfieldofview+localisation

• NewcollaborationwithFAST

• ParkesTiming

• ParkesPulsarTimingArray(PPTA):decadeofhighprecisionmeasurements

• Ultra-Wideband– increasedsensitivity/improvedTime-Of-Arrivals

• NewcollaborationwithFAST

• Transients- FastRadioBursts(FRBs)

• FirstFRBdiscoveredwithParkes(Lorimeretal.2007)

• >=21of>=26todatediscoveredwithParkes

• Majorsearchcampaigns,e.g.SUPERBreal-timedetectionprojectandnowcommensalstudies

• Cryo-PAF– largerfieldofview+localisation


SKASciencewiththeDishPulsarsandTransients

10 |

Credit:MPIfRCh.Ng.

• HIParkesAllSkySurvey(HIPASS),SouthernGalacticPlaneSurvey(SGPS),GalacticAllSkySurvey(GASS)

• ParkessurveyedourGalaxy,MagellanicClouds,1000sofnearbygalaxies,pushingfurtherinredshift

• ObservationsmadewithMPIfRPAF

• Cryo-PAFHI- intendedforgalaxygascontent,cosmicweb,intensitymapping


SKASciencewiththeDishHydrogenovercosmictime

11 |

Kim

etal.2003

• Parkes’conductedmostsensitiveexperimenttodatetodetecthigh-energyparticles,viaCerenkovradiopulse,usedtheParkes21cmmultibeam receiver,whichwasabletosee≤1/3oftheusefulareaofthemoon(Brayetal.2015)

• Otherprojectsunderway:

• CROME(previously),EASIER@AUGER,SKA,LOFAR,AuScope

• FASTwithaPAF(VLA,WSRTpreviously)

• Seekingtoknowthenature&originofultra-high-energyparticles(“oneofthebiggestmysteriesofmodernastrophysics”)

• Cryo-PAF- increasedfieldofview:seetheentiretyofthemoon.


SKASciencewiththeDishhigh-energyparticledetection

12 |

• EMUsurveywilldetectabout70millionradiosources.

• SeparateActiveGalacticNuclei(AGN)vsstar-forminggalaxies,throughsingle-baselineVeryLongBaselineinterferometer(e.g.Norris&Kesteven,2012,Middelberg etal.,2013)

• polarisation studiesoftheAGN,imagingofOHmegamasers,andclassificationofpulsarsandradiostars

• FLASHsurveywilldetectHiabsorptionin�1000radio-loudAGNatz=0.5– 1(Allisonetal.,2015).

• detectneutralgasoutflows,associatedwithAGNfeedbackvia<1-percentopticaldepthsensitivity(achievedwithverygoodspectralbaselineandreal-timeRFImitigation)

• localise position,measuresize& kinematicsofHIabsorbers


SKA(precursor)SciencewiththeDishASKAPwithParkesPAFVLBIcomplement

13 |

• GASKAPsurveywillobserveHIandOHintheMilkyWayoveranareaof13,000sq.degs (Dickeyetal.,2013).

• Zero-spacingdatatoprobelargespatialscalesthatASKAPisinsensitiveto

• ultra-highsensitivityOHsurveyofentireSouthernsky,probingnewphysicalenvironments

• SKA1-mid/Parkesbaselineastrometrytowardsasampleof100OH-masersourceswouldallowtheinternalangularrotationsoftheMagellanic Cloudstobemodelled(propermotionto10micro-arcsecondsyr−1(�2km/s)accuracy

• Astrometryofpulsarsisoftenbeneficialinprovidingdirectmeasurementsoftheirdistancesindependentofsingledishtimingdata.


SKA(precursor)SciencewiththeDishASKAPsingledish&VLBIcomplement

14 |

• 5-yearprogramme,multi-yearinvestmentfortelescopetime

• OfficiallybeganobservingOctober/November2016

• Observingblockseachday,steppingintime(LocalSiderealTime)throughtheweek

• DedicatedbackendmanagedbyUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley

• InitialtestsysteminstalledFeb/Mar2016

• SinglebeamsysteminstalledSept&Dec2016

• Multibeam systeminstalledJune2017

• Openaccesstodataplanned

• Targetedobservations,Galacticplanesurvey,transient/FastRadioBurstsimultaneoussearches


SKASciencewiththeDishSearchforExtraTerrestrialIntelligence:BreakthroughListen

15 |

MalSmith

• PULSE@Parkes programme

• Pulsarfocused,secondary-leveleducationprogrammewithreal-timeaccessto,andcontrolof,ParkesTelescope

• ~1500highschoolstudents(plussomehigherlevels)todate,~130schools,sessionsacrossAustralia,plusCanada,China,England,Japan,SouthAfrica&Wales…wouldwelcomeNewZealandinterest!

• ObservingwithParkes,TrainingandIntroduction,ModuleforUniversityScience,OPTIMUS,programme

• Undergraduate/postgraduateextension

• PartofCSIRO’s’ONPRIME’developmentscheme

• UndergraduateleveltrainingpackageincludingParkestelescopetime

• Extending/varyingsciencetoincludeotheraspects


SKAEducationwiththeDishPULSE@Parkes andOPTIMUS

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Summary

• Parkesformallyrecognised asSKAPathfinder

• Widebandfeed(s)imminentlycomingtoParkes

• CryogenicallycooledPhasedArrayFeedproposedforParkes

• SKAorientedscienceunderway&enabledbytechnology

• TrainingavenuesforfutureSKAscientists

• Telescopetimeavailable,proposal&purchase


CSIROAstronomyandSpaceScienceJimiGreenParkesSeniorSystemScientist,CASSGroupLeader

t +61293724577e [email protected] www.atnf.csiro.au

CSIROASTRONOMYANDSPACESCIENCE

Thankyou

Credit:WayneEngland

The Parkes Radio Telescope as an SKA science and ... · The Parkes Radio Telescope as an SKA...

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