The PANDA Experiment atcrunch.ikp.physik.tu-darmstadt.de/qhqcd/thursday/schmitt.pdf · Nuclear...
Transcript of The PANDA Experiment atcrunch.ikp.physik.tu-darmstadt.de/qhqcd/thursday/schmitt.pdf · Nuclear...
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Lars Schmitt, GSI Darmstadt
WE-Heräus-Seminar "Quarks and Hadrons in Strong QCD", Rheinfels, 19.3.2008
The PANDA Detector
Hadron Structure
Overview of FAIR and PANDA
Nuclear Physics
The PANDA Experiment at
Hadron Spectroscopy
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Facilitiy for Antiproton and Ion Research
GSI, Darmstadt German National Lab for Heavy Ion Research Highlights:
- Heavy ion physics - Nuclear physics - Atomic and plasma physics - Cancer research
FAIR: New facility RIB Heavy ions
➔ higher intensities & energies Antiprotons
Overview of FAIR and PANDA
SIS 100/300
FLAIR
PANDA
Super-FRS
NESR
HESR
p-LinacSIS 18
CBM
NESR
CR/RESR
Antiprotons at FAIRFLAIR, EAR, PAXPANDA:
➔ Hadron Spectroscopy➔ Hadron Structure➔ Nuclear physics
EAR
PAX
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Antiprotons at FAIR
UNILACSIS
FRSESR
SIS 100/300
HESR
SuperFRS
NESR
CRRESR
FLAIR
NewExisting
Proton linac
SIS 18
Antiproton production Proton Linac 50 MeV Accelerate p in SIS18 / 100 Produce p on target Collect in CR, cool in RESR
Overview of FAIR and PANDA
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Antiprotons at FAIR
Overview of FAIR and PANDA
UNILACSIS
FRSESR
SIS 100/300
HESR
SuperFRS
NESR
CRRESR
FLAIR
NewExisting
Proton linac
SIS 18
Antiproton production Proton Linac 50 MeV Accelerate p in SIS18 / 100 Produce p on target Collect in CR, cool in RESR
HESR: Storage ring for p Injection of p at 3.7 GeV Slow synchrotron (1.5-15 GeV) Luminosity up to L~ 2x1032 cm-2s-1
Beam cooling (stochastic & electron)
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Antiprotons at FAIR
Resonance scan Energy resolution ~50 keV Tune E
CM to probe resonance
Get precise mass and width
Overview of FAIR and PANDA
UNILACSIS
FRSESR
SIS 100/300
HESR
SuperFRS
NESR
CRRESR
FLAIR
NewExisting
Proton linac
SIS 18
HESR: Storage ring for p Injection of p at 3.7 GeV Slow synchrotron (1.5-15 GeV) Luminosity up to L~ 2x1032 cm-2s-1
Beam cooling (stochastic & electron)
Antiproton production Proton Linac 50 MeV Accelerate p in SIS18 / 100 Produce p on target Collect in CR, cool in RESR
ECM
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L. Schmitt, GSI
PANDA Detector Setup
Internal target experiment with cooled1.5-15 GeV/c antiproton beamsDouble spectrometer: 4π acceptanceTracking, particle ID, calorimetryVery high interaction ratesSampling readout
PANDA at FAIR
Overview of PANDA
PANDA Physics TopicsHadron spectroscopy
Charmonium Charmed hybridsD-mesonsLight mesons & hybrids
Hadron structureTimelike EM formfactorDrell-YanWA Compton scattering
Charm in mediumHypernuclei
Double hypernucleiPrecision γ-spectroscopy
Electroweak physics CPV with charm mesonsand hyperonsRare decays
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Aims of Spectroscopy
Hadron Spectroscopy
Experiment: Systematic determination of particle propertiesMassLifetime or width of resonanceQuantum number JPC
Theory: Calculation of spectraKnowing interaction allows predictionTuning accounting for experimental data
Final aim: Understand composition and dynamics of matter➔In QCD we are still far away from precision of QED
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Charmonium Spectroscopy
Hadron Spectroscopy
Charmonium Positronium of QCD:
Potential of cc calculable➔ Tool to understand confinement
Status below DD threshold J=1-- well measured Low resolution on J=0-+ states η
c' was rediscovered 40 MeV higher
Low statistics on hc
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L. Schmitt, GSI
XYZ - New Charmonium States
Hadron Spectroscopy
Renaissance in Charmonium Spectroscopy: Belle, BaBar, CLEO, CDF and D0 find new states above DD Many of these states are problematic: mass not predicted,
width too small, decay pattern unusual Challenge for better understanding and high precision data
State Experiments Nature/Remarks
X(3872) Belle, BaBar, CDF, D0 D0D0* molecule, 4-quark state
X(3943) Belle maybe η‘‘c
Y(3940) Belle maybe 23P1
Z(3930) Belle maybe χ‘c2
Y(4260) BaBar, Belle, CLEO-c Hybrid, ωχc1 -molecule, 4q state
Y(4350) BaBar, Belle ?
Z±(4430) Belle No charged cc, molecule or 4q state
Y(4660) Belle ?
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L. Schmitt, GSI
D-Meson Spectroscopy
Hadron Spectroscopy
DsJ(2460)
0− 1− 0+ 1+ 2+ 3−
Ds
Ds*
DsJ*
(2317)
Ds1
m [G
eV/c
2 ]
D0K
D*KDs2
*
JP
}j=3/2}j=1/2
j=L+sL
J=j+sH
Heavy mesons like H-atom:Heavy quark surrounded by light quark
ordered by property of light quarkapproximate j degeneracy
➔ Spectroscopic predictions➔ Works fairly well in c(u/d) system
Ds mesons surprise
Recent narrow Ds0(2317) and Ds1 (2460)do not fit theoretical calculations.Quantum numbers for the newest states DsJ(2700) and DsJ (2880) open
Ds0(2317) → Ds+ π0, but not Ds
+ π±
Ds1(2460) in Ds+ π0γ, Ds
+γ , Ds+ π+π–
Experimentally well establishedNature unclear: 4q states, molecules?
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Exotic Hadrons
Hadron Spectroscopy
Charm SpectroscopyCharm quark: m
c >> m
u,d,s
➔ Perturbative to strong couplingCharm Hybrids
c-states narrow, understoodLittle interference of ccg & cc-statesMass 4–4.5 GeV, c c g narrow,~ σ( p p → c c)
Exotic HadronsNormal hadrons: (qq) or (qqq)Gluonic degrees of freedom:
Hybrid mesons (qqg)Glueballs
Multi-quark statesMoleculesExotic mesons can have exotic quantum numbers
Mesons, Baryons
Multi-quarks
Hybrids
Glueballs
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Spectroscopy with Antiprotons
Hadron Spectroscopy
Spectroscopy with antiprotonspp machine allows ΔE ~ 50 keV (beam) vs. ΔE ~5 MeV in e+e− (detector)e+e− directly produces only JPC = 1−− (γ) others via ISR and other higher orderspp accesses all states
Resolution with antiprotons
Resonance scan:Energy resolution ~50 keVTune E
CM to probe
resonanceGet precise mass and width
3500 3520 MeV3510
Cry
stal
Bal
l ev.
/2 M
eV100
ECM
CBallE835
1000
E 8
35 e
v./p
b
χc1
ECM
PANDA
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Principles of Partial Wave Analysis
Intensity I=ΨΨ*Argand PlotGoals of PWA:N-particle phase spaceDescription of resonance properties:
masswidthquantum numbers
Treatment of interferences
Schrödinger Equation
Hadron Spectroscopy
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Principles of Partial Wave Analysis
Goals of PWA:N-particle phase spaceDescription of resonance properties:
masswidthquantum numbers
Treatment of interferences
Schrödinger Equation
mππ
ρ-ω
Hadron Spectroscopy
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Requirement: High Statistics
Crystal barrel pp→3π0
with 100 events
Hadron Spectroscopy
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Requirement: High Statistics
Crystal barrel pp→3π0
with 1000 events
Hadron Spectroscopy
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Requirement: High Statistics
Crystal barrel pp→3π0
with 10000 events
Hadron Spectroscopy
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Requirement: High Statistics
Crystal barrel pp→3π0
with 100000 events
Hadron Spectroscopy
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Requirement: Good Resolution
3500 3520 MeV3510
Cry
stal
Bal
l ev.
/2 M
eV100
ECM
CBallE835
1000
E 8
35 e
v./p
b
χc1
Importance of high resolution:to find and investigate narrow resonancesfor multi hadron final statesto reduce the background
Hadron Spectroscopy
Achieving high resolution:
Production process
Detector resolution
Kinematical constraints
PWO Calorimeter Shashlyk Calorimeter
σ(π0)= 11.9 MeVσ(η0)= ?
σ(π0)= 4.2 MeVσ(η0)= 8.7 MeV
From PANDA Simulations:
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Partial Wave Analysis in PANDA
Purpose of PWA for PANDA in the field of spectroscopy: Disentangle interfering resonances Determine quantum numbers
➔ Uncover the nature of new resonances➔ Discover spin-exotic states
Applications by PANDA in the field of spectroscopy: Charmonium and Charmonium hybrids D-mesons and D-hybrids Light quark resonances Glueballs
Prerequisites for the spectrometer: 4π acceptance, hermeticity Particle identification High resolution High statistics Over-constrain systems
Hadron Spectroscopy
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Studying Hadron Structure
Hadron Structure
Bjorken scaling:At high Q2 dependence only on x➔ Scattering on point-like partonsParton distributions:● Valence quarks ● Sea quarks● GluonsFactorization: hard scattering and
non-perturbative structureStructure Functions:● Unpolarized F
1 and F
2
● Longitudinally polarized g1 (and g
2)
● Transverse polarized h1
Measurements:● Deep inelastic scattering● Drell Yan process
Proton spin: <s
z>=½ =½ (Δu+Δd+Δs)+L
q+ΔG+L
G
● Quark contribution: ΔΣ=(Δu+Δd+Δs) ≈ 0.3
● Other contributions: gluons, orbital angular momentum
Expt.
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Generalized Parton Distributions
Hadron Structure
GPD
x+ξ x-ξ
Properties of GPDs:GPDs carry information on longitudinal and transverse distribution of partons
➔ 3D picture of nucleon
GPDs contain also information on quark (orbital) angular momentumH(x,0,0) = q(x) structure functions of DIS
∫H(x,0,t) dx = F(t) nucleon formfactor
Handbag Diagram Generalized Parton DistributionsA fractional momentum ξ is taken out
GPDs: 4 functions H(x,ξ,t), E(x,ξ,t), ~ ~
H(x,ξ,t), E(x,ξ,t) (polarized)
Quark distribution q(x), -q(-x)
M. Vanderhaeghen
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Nucleon Structure in PANDA
Hadron Structure
Generalized Parton DistributionsWide angle Compton scatteringHard exclusive meson production
Transverse nucleon spinDrell Yan Process
(full PWA or polarized beam/target)
Electromagnetic formfactorsDiscrepancy between timelike and spacelike regionMeasure pp→e+e-
GPDs GPDs
Vector meson
p p
p p
p
p e,µ
e,µ
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Hadrons in Nuclear Medium
Nuclear Physics
Charmonium in NucleiEnhanced charmonium states due to lower DD thresholdJ/Ψ absorption in nuclei→ comparison with heavy ion collisions
Modification of Meson MassesMass change in nuclear medium
D masses lowered, mass split
Need to stop D in nucleus
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L. Schmitt, GSI
The Hypernuclear Landscape
Hypernuclei: Strangeness as 3rd dimension in the nuclear chart
Objectives:● Study of nuclear structure● Understanding of nuclear
potential and NN force●
Hypernuclear puzzle:● Spin-orbit force small in
hypernuclei while large in normal nuclei
➔ Spectroscopy of double hypernuclei
➔ Study of YY interaction
Nuclear Physics
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Hypernuclear Physics in PANDA
Bla
Nuclear Physics
Production of double hypernuclei:Two-stage process
Hyperon production at thresholdFast kaons or hyperons as triggerSlow-down and capture in secondary active target
➔several 105 stopped Ξ/day
γ-Spectroscopy :Germanium detector in backward hemisphereConsecutive weak Λ decay and nuclear level cascade
➔Measure ΛΛ interaction
Secondary target Germanium detector
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L. Schmitt, GSI
The PANDA Detector
The PANDA Detector
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L. Schmitt, GSI
The PANDA Detector
The PANDA Detector
Detector requirements: 4π acceptance
High rate capability: 2x107 s-1 interactionsEfficient event selection
➔ Sampling acquisition
Momentum resolution ~1%Vertex info for D, K0
S, Y (cτ = 317 µm for D±)
➔ Good tracking
Good PID (γ, e, µ, π, K, p)➔ Cherenkov, ToF, dE/dx
γ-detection 1 MeV – 10 GeV➔ Crystal Calorimeter
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Particle Detection Principles
The PANDA Detector
TrackingDetectors
Electro-magneticCalorimeter
HadronCalorimeter
MuonDetector
Photons
Neutrons
Muons
Interaction of Particles with Matter
e+/e-
Protons, Pions
Collider experiment
Fixed target experiment
Momentum determination of charged tracks in magnetic field
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Overview of PANDA
The PANDA Detector
Interaction regionp-beam
p-target
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Overview of PANDA
The PANDA Detector
Micro VertexDetector
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Overview of PANDA
The PANDA Detector
Central Tracker
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Overview of PANDA
The PANDA Detector
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Overview of PANDA
The PANDA Detector
GEM Trackers
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Overview of PANDA
The PANDA Detector
Cherenkov Detectors
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Overview of PANDA
The PANDA Detector
ElectromagneticCrystal Calorimeters
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Overview of PANDA
The PANDA Detector
Solenoid Magnet
InstrumentedYoke
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Overview of PANDA
The PANDA Detector
Target
BeamPipe
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Overview of PANDA
The PANDA Detector
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Overview of PANDA
The PANDA Detector
DipoleMagnet
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Overview of PANDA
The PANDA Detector
Forward Spectrometer
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L. Schmitt, GSI
Conclusions
Hadron physics sees a significant renaissance New observations probe our present understanding News on nucleon structure: HERMES, COMPASS, RHIC Future hadron facilities: GLUE-X, J-PARC, PANDA at FAIR
New methods broaden our horizon Theory: fundamental methods based on low energy QCD Computing: lattice gauge theory, coupled channels, PWA Experiments: precision detectors with flexible readout
PANDA will be a major player in hadron physics 4π acceptance, hermeticity, high resolution and statistics Versatile physics machine with full detection capabilities PANDA will be able to resolve many of today's puzzles
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L. Schmitt, GSI
The PANDA Collaboration
U BaselIHEP BeijingU BochumU BonnU & INFN BresciaU & INFN CataniaCracow JU,TU, IFJ PAN GSI Darmstadt TU DresdenJINR Dubna (LIT,LPP,VBLHE)U EdinburghU ErlangenNWU EvanstonU & INFN FerraraU FrankfurtLNF-INFN Frascati
U & INFN GenovaU GlasgowU GießenKVI GroningenU Helsinki IKP Jülich I + IIU KatowiceIMP LanzhouU MainzU & Politecnico & INFN MilanoU MinskMoscow, ITEP & MPEITU MünchenU MünsterBINP NovosibirskLAL Orsay
U PaviaIHEP ProtvinoPNPI GatchinaU of SilesiaU StockholmKTH StockholmU & INFN TorinoPolitechnico di TorinoU Oriente, TorinoU & INFN TriesteU TübingenU & TSL UppsalaU ValenciaSMI ViennaSINS WarsawU Warsaw
About 400 physicists from 55 institutions in 17 countries