The Ozone Problem O3 O3 O3 O3. CFC’s Chlorofluorocarbons Chlorofluorocarbons Methyl bromide ...
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Transcript of The Ozone Problem O3 O3 O3 O3. CFC’s Chlorofluorocarbons Chlorofluorocarbons Methyl bromide ...
The Ozone ProblemThe Ozone Problem
OO33
The Ozone ProblemThe Ozone Problem
CFC’sCFC’s ChlorofluorocarbonsChlorofluorocarbons
Methyl bromideMethyl bromide
ResultsResults More UV radiationMore UV radiation Growth & reproductionGrowth & reproduction Decrease photosynthesisDecrease photosynthesis
Sulfur CompoundsSulfur Compounds
Self-supporting Self-supporting thermal control thermal control systemsystem
Atmospheric MotionAtmospheric Motion
Nonrotating EarthNonrotating Earth
EquatorEquator Warming and rising of airWarming and rising of air Rising air cools as it Rising air cools as it
ascendsascends Surface winds blow Surface winds blow
towards equator to towards equator to replace ascending airreplace ascending air
PolesPoles Cool, dry air descendsCool, dry air descends
Effects of RotationEffects of Rotation
Coriolis EffectCoriolis Effect
Coriolis EffectCoriolis Effect
Coriolis effect is the Coriolis effect is the apparentapparent deflection of objects deflection of objects moving across Earth’s surfacemoving across Earth’s surface
The deflection is caused by the differential speed of rotation The deflection is caused by the differential speed of rotation between Earth’s equator and polar regions, relative to an object between Earth’s equator and polar regions, relative to an object moving across the Earth’s surface.moving across the Earth’s surface.
Global Wind BandsGlobal Wind Bands
Hadley cellsHadley cells Subtropical cellsSubtropical cells Air rises at the Air rises at the
equator due to equator due to solar heating, and solar heating, and falls due to cooling falls due to cooling at ~30at ~30º º
Global Wind BandsGlobal Wind Bands
Ferrel cellsFerrel cells Temperate cellsTemperate cells Occurs between Occurs between
3030º and 50-60º º and 50-60º latitudelatitude
Some air Some air descending at 30º descending at 30º turns polewardturns poleward
Global Wind BandsGlobal Wind Bands
Polar cellsPolar cells Centered over Centered over
each poleeach pole At 50-60At 50-60º, the air is º, the air is
warm and wet warm and wet enough to ascend, enough to ascend, but too dense to but too dense to mix with Ferrel cellmix with Ferrel cell
Wind PatternsWind Patterns Between Cells:Between Cells:
Vertical air Vertical air movementmovement
Weak surface Weak surface windswinds
Within Cells:Within Cells: Horizontal air Horizontal air
movementmovement Strong surface Strong surface
windswinds
Wind PatternsWind Patterns
Between Cells:Between Cells: Hadley cellsHadley cells
DoldrumsDoldrums• Near the equatorNear the equator• Decrease in Decrease in
pressure gradientpressure gradient• Variable breezesVariable breezes
Intertropical Intertropical Convergence Convergence Zone (ITCZ)Zone (ITCZ)
Wind PatternsWind Patterns
Between Cells:Between Cells: Hadley and Ferrel Hadley and Ferrel
cellscells Horse latitudesHorse latitudes
• 3030º latitudeº latitude• Subtropical high Subtropical high
pressurepressure• Sinking air; drySinking air; dry
Many deserts are Many deserts are found at this found at this latitudelatitude
Wind PatternsWind Patterns
Within Cells:Within Cells: Hadley cellHadley cell
• Trade WindsTrade Winds EasterliesEasterlies
• Centered at 15Centered at 15ºº Ferrel cellFerrel cell
• WesterliesWesterlies• Centered at 45Centered at 45ºº
Polar cellPolar cell• EasterliesEasterlies• 60-9060-90ºº