THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE1300-1900s

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BYZANTIUM RENAMEDByzantium Greek city-state

renamed Constantinople, 330 A.D. –location amazing for trade!

Became capital city of Byzantine Empire

Trade continued, cultural diffusion HUGE

CRUSADERS & TURKS FIGHT

Crusades fought in Byzantine & invasions by Turks & Mongols common by 13th Century

Turkish people loyal to their tribes & clans, but not to a central government◦Wanted to take down Crusaders & break

up Empire to take over

GHAZISMany Anatolian Turks saw

themselves as GHAZIS – warriors for Islam (like Crusaders)

Followed strict code of conductRaided territoriesMuslim (believed in Islam)

OSMAN & OTTOMANSOSMAN most successful ghazi & a

Muslim

His followers OTTOMANS

Builds unified empire by conquering & controlling lands in Anatolia (Turkey)

Uses gunpowder

Among 1st to use cannons & muskets

OTTOMAN CANNON

OTTOMAN CANNON

ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF OSMANTakes over Byzantium area &

establishes OTTOMAN EMPIRE, 1299Kind ruler to those he conquered

Allowed local rulers to remain in placeImproved lives of peasantsProtected religious preferencesTaxed people fairly (even non-Muslims)Rulers called SULTANS – “one with

power”

RISE OF TIMUR THE LAME (TAMERLANE)

TIMUR THE LAME: warrior from Asia

Conquered Russia, Persia, northern India, & burned Baghdad to ground

Butchered people in New Delhi & made pyramid of skulls

Halted expansion of Ottoman Empire until

1405

TIMUR THE LAME’S EMPIRE

TIMUR THE LAME VIDEO

MEHMET IISon of last captured sultan, MEHMET II new sultan1451 - builds fleet & massive army to

attack Constantinople (wanted control of Bosporus Strait for trade & prosperity)

1453 – captured Constantinople & renamed it ISTANBUL new capital of their empire

“Give me Constantinople!”

ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF MEHMET IIMehmet now called MEHMET THE

CONQUEROR

HAGIA SOPHIA (famous church) became a mosque

Islam religion became unifying force

BUT religious toleration encouraged & diverse population inhabited the city

HAGIA SOPHIA

CONQUERING CONSTANTINOPLE VIDEO

SELIM THE GRIMOverthrew father & murdered

brothersKilled all nephews & own kids,

but 1 sonCrazy guy, but effective!Defeated Safavids of Persia &

conquered Mecca, Medina, & Cairo (holy cities & intellectual cities)◦Happened at same time Cortez takes

over Aztecs

SULEIMAN I1520-1566 – Suleiman (“the lawgiver”)

– built strong empire militarily, economically, & socially – GOLDEN AGE

Gained more land in eastern Mediterranean, northern African ports, trade routes inside Africa, & central Europe

Efficient government structure w/social organization (held for 600 years!)

SULEIMAN’S EMPIRE20,000 personal slaves

30,000 JANISSARIES: force of people from conquered Christian territories

DEVSHIRME: practice of capturing young boys, educating them, converting them to Islam, and training them as soldiers

SULEIMAN’S ACHIEVEMENTSFreedom of worship

Binding the Ottoman Empire together

Simplified taxation system

Reduced government interference (bureacracy)

“Renaissance Man”

Art & Literature flourished

SULEIMAN VIDEO

SELIM IISuleiman killed best son &

drove away another 3rd incompetent son, SELIM II inherited throne

Ran corrupt government & it continued in family through generations

Defeated militarily in 1571 by Spain & Italy

WHAT HAPPENED TO THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE?Became customary to kill off good

sons & cut off rest from education produced long line of weak rulers & ruined empire

Empire crumbled slowly & finally dissolved with creation of Turkey after World War I