The Origins of the State
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Transcript of The Origins of the State
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The Origins of the State
Modern Political and Economic systems.
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What is needed to be a “country”? Population Territory Sovereignty
It is neither subordinate nor responsible to another authority.
Government
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Origins of the State The Force Theory
One person or group claimed control over an area and forced all to submit to their rule.
Once rule established, the other elements were present.
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Origins of the State The Evolutionary
Theory – The state developed
naturally out of early families. The father was the “head” and thus “government.”
Family – Clan – Nation.
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The Origins of the State Divine Right Theory
God gave some the right to rule.
Genetically passed on.
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Origins of the State The Social Contract
Theory – Developed by John
Lock and Thomas Hobbes in England. Jean Jacques Rousseau in France.
THE BASIS FOR OUR GOVT!
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Social Contract Theory Man lived in a “state
of nature.” – considered it an “unpleasant condition.”
By contract, men joined together and agreed to work together.
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Distribution of PowerThe geographic distribution of power.
UNITARY – centralized government. Single central agency. FEDERAL – Division of powers. We have a national government and then 50 state governments.CONFEDERATE – States are equal.
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Participation in Govt. DICTATORSHIP!
Authoritarian where those in power have total authority over the people.
Totalitarian where those in power have total authority over all aspects of peoples lives.
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Dictatorships The people have no
say. Often dictators are
militaristic. Take power by force
and lose it by force.
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Democracy Supreme political
authority rests with the people.
Government is conducted only by and with their consent.
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Types of Democracy Direct Democracy Indirect Democracy
OR Representative Democracy OR REPUBLIC.
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RULES of DEMOCRACYFundamental worth of individuals.Equality of all persons.Majority rule and minority rights.Necessity of compromise. Individual Freedom.
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Who controls the resources?The questions what to produce, how to
produce and for whom to produce. Capitalism, Free Enterprise, Market
Economy. Communism, Command Economy Socialism, Mixed-Economy.
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Capitalism / Free Enterprise / Market Economy The people make
most of the decisions and can do what they want with their resources (most of the time).
Very little government involvement.
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Capitalism / Free Enterprise / Market Economy If people make good
decisions – they make profit.
In Capitalism – people should be able to keep their profits. Little if any taxation.
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Communism or Command Economy
The government (dictator) decides what will be produced and who gets to have land and resources. Mostly it all belongs
to them!
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Communism or Command Economy
It means that the dictator and his favorites get rich.
Everyone else lives in poverty / starvation.
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Socialism or Mixed Economy The government
owns some of the resources, and people own the rest.
Sometimes government is in competition to get better prices for the people.
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Socialism or Mixed Economy Sometimes
government “owns” the resources that are considered necessaries for the public. Utilities (electricity,
water, phone, transportation)
Medical Care???
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Socialism or Mixed Economy Sometimes it means
that government taxes the rich more to make the wealthy a little more “equal” to the poor.