The Open Access Movement, Scholarly Communication, and Library Services: trends, resources and...
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Transcript of The Open Access Movement, Scholarly Communication, and Library Services: trends, resources and...
The Open Access Movement, Scholarly Communication,
and Library Services:
trends, resources and responses
By: Sherry Buchanan, Portland State University
Northwest Interlibrary Loan and Resource Sharing ConferenceSeptember 16, 2005
Current Challenges to Scholarly CommunicationEscalating Journal Subscription Prices, Declining Acquisitions BudgetsLicensing Issues Prevent ILL LendingAuthors Unaware of RightsJournal Cost Model Conversions / HybridsMultiple article versions and access points Library Services seem fractured, confusing
Subscriptions are Expensive!
A Cornell Web Page
What is Open Access (OA)?
Online access to peer-reviewed articles via the Internet with no access fees to usersAn alternative cost modelA promise for sustainabilityPublishing model that uses copyright to ensure access rather than restrict itStandards-driven access method, based on the Open Archives Initiative, using Open Archives Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) Supported by ALA, ARL, ACRL, SPARC, SPARCEurope, NIH, JISC, CURL, OSI and others
Overlap and Definitional Confusion about OA, Repositories
and Digital LibrariesOpen Access ~ free online access to peer-reviewed articles
Repositories ~ institutional only, can contain OA articles, but more commonly contain preprints or post prints
Digital Libraries (DLs) ~ OAI-PMH taking hold, but DLs contain images, films and other surrogates, not just articles
Questions for Consideration
How can we address the OA paradigm shift in a way that takes into account new modes of access and considers the needs of scholars?How are Interlibrary Loan Services being affected by OA?What is the future of resource sharing?
Today, We Will Consider:Open Access issues and trends
Key challenges for library folks, scholars and publishers
Implications for Interlibrary Loan and other library services
Resources ~ Open Access Journals and Directories
Strategies to resolve access barriers
Opportunities for collaborative action
Key IssuesSustainabilityCost (Who Pays?)RhetoricCompeting StandardsAccess Crisis Promotion and TenureCopyright and Licensing
Key Issue: Sustainability“Publishing and Libraries will remain viable only as long as they abet, in a cost beneficial way, research efforts of university faculty” (Heath and Duffy)Library budgets can no longer support increasing costs of journal subscriptions:~ 210% increase in serial expenditures between 1986 and 2001; Consumer Price Index increased only 62% (ARL)~ 38% increase in journal subscription prices from 2001 to 2005 (Ebsco Info. Services)
Key Issue: Who Pays?AuthorSubscriberInstitutionGovernment Endowment CorporationCombination Models
Key Issue: Rhetoric
SPARC et al Letter in Support of OANIH Proposal and ExtensionElsevier LetterDavid Stern (Yale) Caltech’s Synthesis
Key Issue: Competing Standards
Berlin 3 DeclarationCoalition for Networked InformationConsortium of Research Libraries in the British Isles Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Digital Library Federation French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS)
Joint Information Systems Committee National Institute of HealthOpen Archives InitiativeOpen Society InstituteScholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition / SPARCEuropeWellcome TrustWorld Summit on the Information Society
Key Issue: Access Crisis
Digital DivideResearchers are not being served wellKnown item searching is complexInterlibrary Loan WorkaroundsLibrary folks are becoming facilitators, not intermediaries
Key Issue: OA Affects Promotion and Tenure
“Publish or Perish” and Hiring PracticesREVISITED
~ easier to publish in OA journals ~ “author / institution pays” cost model ~ higher impact factors for OA journals
Key Issue: Copyright and Licensing
Creative Commons Movie Intermission
How Can Library Folks Help?
Know and Use ResourcesStronger Commitment to Open AccessLINK LINK LINKCollaborate and Integrate Services Promote Open AccessTalk with Publishers and VendorsStay Current with Trends
ResourcesDirectory of Open Access Journals OpenDOAR (being developed)CiteSeer ~ Penn State’s Scientific Literature Digital LibraryFree Full Text.com ~ “A supplement to every library catalogue on the planet!”Free Medical Journals.com Highwire ~ “largest archive of free full-text science on earth!”Digital Library for Information Science and Technology
OAIster ~ Harvests OAI compliant data
Arxiv ~ Cornell’s STM Archive
Open Archives List of ProvidersInstitution Archives Registry ~ 468 registered as of August 18, 2005
Sample of Creative Commons Licensing:
More Resources
Effectively Use Resources
Search Google effectively:Key the article title in quotes View results cached
Tell Patrons & Coworkers about Resources
Stronger Commitment to Open Access
Encourage your library to join SPARCSubscribe to SOAN, the SPARC NewsletterUse the ACRL Scholarly Communication ToolkitSupport Alternative Publications, e.g. PLoS
Know the Key Proponents of Open Access
Stevan Harnad: OA ArchivangelismPeter Suber: OA AdvocacyCharles W. Bailey; Scholarly Electronic Publishing Bibliography
Link Link LinkCatalog Internet Resources, e.g. Espéculo
Get Free MARC Records via CUFTS Ask for Aggregated Packages to include OA TitlesUse Electronic Resource Management SoftwareUse an OpenURL-Compliant Link Resolver:
reSearcher (open source), ExLibris’s SFX, Endeavor's LinkFinderPlus, CARL’s Gold Rush, SirsiResolver, Fretwell-Downing's OL²
Collaborate and Integrate Services
Reference and Interlibrary Loan Staff Grey Literature may not be as grey as you think; Refer amongst staff Encourage researchers to contact authors
Serials and Interlibrary Loan Staff Meet and discuss better services, OPACsBuy rather than borrow?
Promote Open Access
Share Create Change and Open Access BrochuresMake a Display in your Library Create a web page e.g. Cornell’s Sticker Price ~ e.g. UCSFCatalog Scholarly Output (Grey Literature)
Initiate Conversations and Encourage Authors to
Check SHERPA, NEGOTIATE IP Rights, and
Self-Archive
Share with Colleagues:Key Facts about OA
OA Accelerates researchOA costs less (up to 30% less to produce than print only, according to Wellcome Trust) OA journals have greater research impact (Antelman, Lawrence)
Talk with Publishers and Vendors
Do your best to know the ramifications of your license agreements Try to tackle Intellectual Property, Copyright and Licensing Issues Talk to Publishers about alternative cost models – refer them to Prosser et al
More Ways to HelpLibrarian To Do List (Peter Suber)Seek better access via OCLC, your OPAC, Federated Searching (via Metadata Harvesting Protocol), Link Resolvers (OpenURL) LINK LINK LINK.Support OA Initiatives, such as the NIH Proposal.Consider Frameworks in which you can Advocate:
Ad Hoc CommitteesCouncil of Academic DeansFaculty SenateList ServsGrassroots efforts
Still More Ways to Help
Form Alliances with Faculty, Libraries, Corporations and Publishers to examine cost models, work-arounds, resolutions.Ask OCLC and Google to work harder, with patron needs in mindRemember, Barriers are mostly socialExplore and volunteer
Stay Current with TrendsOLA Environmental ScansOCLC Environmental ScanGoogle Scholar ~ portal functionality, OpenURL linking is under development
Contact [email protected]
Digital Opportunity Investment Trust (DOIT) Digital Promise Project ~ Lucas FilmOAI-PMH and other Protocols
OAI-PMH in Digital Libraries
OpenDOAR ~ Coming SoonNetworked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations is using OAI-PMHCiteSeer is OAI-PMH compliantGoogle is using OAI-PMH to harvest from National Library of Australia
Consider ResolutionsThink about a central access point, pathfinder or portal to organize and integrate sources (Who will pay for it?) (Who will control it?)Think about service levels; how can we get added value with OA journals, e.g. awareness services.Are there standards we can implement?
Questions for the FutureWill we soon see a universal, central repository, and who will control it? Can the improvements in scientific scholarly communication transfer to the humanities?How will Librarians work with others to negotiate our roles?How will you work toward equitable access and sustainability?
Selected Sources2004 Information Format Trends: Content Not Containers
Antelman, Kristin, “Do Open Access Articles have Greater Research Impact?”
Buchanan, Sherry The Future of Content: The Open Access Movement – Issues, Trends, Responses
Buchanan, Sherry and Cyril Oberlander Making Connections: Pioneering the Information Landscape
Buchanan, Sherry, Rose Jackson and Cyril Oberlander, “Can cooperative service solve the grey literature challenge?” OLA Quarterly, fall 2004. p. 5-9
More Selected SourcesBuchanan, Sherry, The Open Access Movement, Scholarly Communication, and Library Services: trends, resources and responsesBudapest Open Access InitiativeCreative Commons – Get Your License HereDigital Promise (link to the Lucas film!)Digital Opportunity Investment Trust (DO IT):“DO IT will do for education and training what NSF does for science, NIH does for health, and DARPA does for national defense.”Economic Analysis of Scientific Research Publishing, a report commissioned by the Wellcome TrustOCLC Environmental Scan
Still More Selected Sources
OLA Environmental Scans
Open Access Project – Open Society Institute.
Prosser, David C., “From Here to There: A Proposed Mechanism for Transforming Journals from Closed to Open Access,” Learned Publishing, vol. 16 (2003), pp. 163–66
Scholarly Electronic Publishing Bibliography (Version 59)
Timeline of the Open Access Movement
Variations on Open Access: A Study of Alternative Business Models for Scholarly Journals – link to the PP presentation!
How to Contact Me:Sherry Buchanan, MFAConference Chair, NWILL 2005MSLIS/DLCAS CandidateILL/DD SpecialistPortland State University Library-ILLLIBW - ROOM ML 284PO BOX 1151, PORTLAND OR 97207p (503) 725-3877 f (503) 725-4527e [email protected]
“It's all about standards” ~ Tim Berners-Lee