The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification
description
Transcript of The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification
![Page 1: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Ontological Character of Classes
in the Dewey Decimal Classification
Rebecca GreenMichael Panzer
OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc.
![Page 2: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
•Graphical representations of classes
•DDC classes as neighborhoods
•Representation of neighborhoods
![Page 3: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Graphical representations of classes (1)
Directed graph
•Classes as nodes/points
•Relationships as arcs/edges
782.29 Liturgical forms
782.294 Psalms
782.292 Chant 782.297 Tropes
![Page 4: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Graphical representations of classes (2)
782.29
782.323
782.294-.298
Liturgical forms
Mass (Communion text)
Specific texts
782.292
Chant
782.322
782.3223
782.3222
Services of specific
denominations
Anglicanchant
Gregorianchant
Liturgical drama
782.298
Tropes
782.297
Non-biblical texts
782.296
Biblical texts
782.295
Psalms
782.294
(Comprehensiveworks)
(Parts of the mass)
Notational hierarchySee referenceClass elsewhere
Relationship Key:
![Page 5: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Graphical representations of classes (3)
•Classes have internal structure:• Set of (focal) topics • Neighborhoods develop around focal topics
![Page 6: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
DDC classes as neighborhoods (1)
780 Music782 Vocal music782.2Nondramatic vocal forms782.23-.29 Specific sacred vocal forms782.29 Liturgical forms 782.292 *Chant
*Add as instructed under 782.1-782.4
Including responses, e.g., litanies, suffragesClass here plainsongClass Gregorian chant in 782.3222; class Anglican chant in 782.3223
![Page 7: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
DDC classes as neighborhoods (2)
Associating (focal) topics with classes—primary additive features
782.292 *ChantIncluding responses, e.g., litanies, suffragesClass here plainsongClass Gregorian chant in 782.3222; class Anglican chant in 782.3223
![Page 8: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
DDC classes as neighborhoods (3)
Associating (focal) topics with classes—primary subtractive features
782.292 *Chant
782.295 Biblical texts. . .
For psalms, see 782.294
Including responses, e.g., litanies, suffragesClass here plainsongClass Gregorian chant in 782.3222; class Anglican chant in 782.3223
![Page 9: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
DDC classes as neighborhoods (4)
Neighborhood development—subsumption
•Specialization• 782.292 Chant subsumes all types of chant,
e.g., plainsong
• Instantiation• 782.292 Chant subsumes all instances of
chant, e.g., Salve Regina
![Page 10: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
DDC classes as neighborhoods (5)
Neighborhood development—hierarchical force
782 Vocal music
> 782.1-782.4 Vocal forms
782.2 Nondramatic vocal forms
782.29 Liturgical forms
Class here treatises about and recordings of vocal forms for specific voices and ensembles
![Page 11: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
DDC classes as neighborhoods (6)
Neighborhood development—standing room topics
•Responses (litanies, suffrages) in standing room• Notation of litanies 782.292• Performance of responses 782.292• Harmonization of responses 782.292
• In contrast, plainsong approximates the whole• Notation of plainsong 782.2920148• Performance of plainsong 782.292078• Harmonization of plainsong 782.2921434
![Page 12: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
DDC classes as neighborhoods (7)
Neighborhood development—index terms•Relative Index terms
• 782.295 Biblical texts • Lord’s Prayer—music
•Mapped headings • 783.3222 Gregorian chant
• Ambrosian chants• Prosulas
![Page 13: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
DDC classes as neighborhoods (8)
Neighborhood development—diachronic development of classification• Full Edition 14: 782.2 [Grand opera] Epic
Wagnerian• Full Editions 15–19: 782.2 and subdivisions
not used• Full Edition 20: Completely revised music
schedule (chant previously in 783.5)
![Page 14: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
DDC classes as neighborhoods (9)
Neighborhood development—full vs. abridged editions • Abridged Edition 14
782.2 Nondramatic vocal music
• Full Edition 22 782.292 *Chant
Including responses, e.g., litanies, suffragesClass here plainsongClass Gregorian chant in 782.3222; class Anglican chant in 782.3223
Including chants, plainsong, sacred vocal music; comprehensive works on cantatas
![Page 15: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
DDC classes as neighborhoods (10)
Neighborhood development—rules for use
•Principles of classification in DDC• Rule of application, e.g., use of chant in music
therapy 615.85154
• First-of-two rule, e.g., chant and tropes 782.292
• Rule of three, e.g., chant, psalms, and tropes 782.29
![Page 16: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
DDC classes as neighborhoods (11)
Neighborhood development—classification of bibliographic resources
• Plainsong in the age of polyphony (Kelly 1992)
• Accompaniments to plainsong for schools (Allen 1930)
![Page 17: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
DDC classes as neighborhoods (12)
Focaltopic
Externaltopic
Negatedtopic
ClassKey:Relationship
Key:
SubsumptionInstantiationSynthesis
Responses
SuffragesLitanies
Generalprinciples
Musicalforms
Anglicanchant
[Chant specific to Liturgy ofa Christian
Denomination]
Soundrecordings
ofTreatises
about[Printedmusic]
Chant
Plainsonge.g.,Salve
ReginaGregorian
chant
Internaltopic
![Page 18: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Representation of neighborhoods (1)- Basic distinction of classes and topics difficult
with representational models like SKOS- Dewey classes as instances of skos:Concept
become individuals (“primitives”) of the domain- Some power of the formalization is lost
rdf:typeowl:Clas
s
skos:Concept
rdf:type 782.292782.292
![Page 19: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Representation of neighborhoods (2)- Only interclass relationships can be asserted at this level- Without subclasses (no isA relationship), inference ability
is severly limited
782.292
skos:related
skos:broader
782.292
skos:closeMatch
ddc:indexTerm
782.3222
782.29
![Page 20: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Representation of neighborhoods (3)
- Conceptualizing Dewey classes as ontological classes (instances of owl:Class) allows for more expressivity
rdf:type
owl:Class
DeweyClass
rdfs:subclassOf 782.29
2
![Page 21: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Representation of neighborhoods (4)- Class descriptions constrain class extension with class axioms- Class axioms describe conjunctively the topical extent of a
Dewey class- Properties can be combined with other entities as specific
types of description to build relationships
owl:disjointWith
rdf:type
owl:Class
DeweyClass
DeweyTopic
782.29
782.292
![Page 22: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Representation of neighborhoods (5)- Disjoint classes in domain: DeweyClasses, DeweyTopics- Interclass relationships expressed with subsumption
relations- OWL 2 provides property chain inclusion for complex situations
- Class–topic relationships expressed as OWL class axioms with domain of DeweyClass and range of DeweyTopic- Subtractive features construed as inclusion of negation of
topic- Open world assumption: exclusions have to be made explicit- Limited inference of topics in class neighborhood possible
![Page 23: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Representation of neighborhoods (6)
- But KOS are not formal KR languages- Class descriptions are seldom necessary and sufficient
(≡)- Dealing with incomplete information diminishes
entailment and inference possibilities- Complex interplay of classes and topics unlikely to be
reflected completely- Multilevel approach is necessary
- Formalizing coarse relationships while avoiding production of inconsistencies with the underlying structure
- Emphasis on knowledge reuse
![Page 24: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Summary
•Graphical representations of classes• Classes not just topic points in graph, but set of
focal topics + neighborhoods
•DDC classes as neighborhoods• Neighborhoods developed through caption, notes;
subsumption; hierarchical force; standing room topics; index/RI terms; diachronic development of DDC; full vs. abridged editions; rules for choice of number; classification of bibliographic resources
![Page 25: The Ontological Character of Classes in the Dewey Decimal Classification](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051218/56815df4550346895dcc2ab6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Summary—cont.
•Representation of neighborhoods• Model of classes as focal topics +
neighborhoods in alignment with paradigms of formal ontology languages
• Certain means of developing neighborhoods can be translated into ontological class axioms
• Certain types of interclass relationships (e.g., subsumption) have different semantic implications in DDC vs. ontology languages like OWL