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The ‘One Page Management System’The ‘One Page Management System’((OPMSOPMS))
It’s the tool par excellence It’s the tool par excellence to transform IDEAS to to transform IDEAS to
effective ACTIONeffective ACTION
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 2
The importance of IDEASIDEAS::
• ALL ALL human accomplishment - individual, organisational or societal - is based on IDEASIDEAS
• But ideas can get accomplished only when they are effectively acted upon
• Therefore, we need means to ensure effective action on our available ideas
• The best of ideas would fail if they are not effectivelyeffectively acted on
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 3
About IDEASIDEAS::
• Bad Ideas (which should NOTNOT be pursued)• Trivial Ideas• Good, Small Ideas• Good, Big Ideas• Great & Noble Ideas• Ideas that may be impossible to accomplish
“To create educational systems for India that would enable our citizens to accomplish all
they are capable of”
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 4
About IDEASIDEAS::• Using conventional means, it is not easy to arrive at a
realistic understanding of the true value or type of an idea
• Great accomplishments cannot come out of trivial ideas - trivial ideas would generally lead only to trivial accomplishments
• Small (but not trivial) ideas - when well handled - may lead to truly worthy accomplishment
• Great ideas may or may not lead to great accomplishment - they most probably would NOT lead to great accomplishment if not effectively handled and acted upon
“Garibi Hatao!”
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 5
In any case, we do require practical practical means to
enable effective handling of every worthwhile idea - from
inception to final action on the idea
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 6
Ideas may range from ‘apparently Ideas may range from ‘apparently simple’ to ‘apparently very complex’simple’ to ‘apparently very complex’
But the complexity of an idea is actually a function of our perceptions of it!
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 7
A couple of important characteristics of ideas:
• An idea may contain any number of An idea may contain any number of other ideasother ideas
• Ideas can be extremely ‘slippery’ if Ideas can be extremely ‘slippery’ if not handled right - they often just not handled right - they often just disappear - or appear to change from disappear - or appear to change from what we wanted to mean!what we wanted to mean!
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 8
In general, handling of Ideas for ActionAction is a process involving:
• Idea Generation Generation • Idea OrganisationOrganisation
InteractiveInteractiveManagementManagement
More about Interactive ManagementInteractive Management (IM):
IM is THE seminal development in general system theory, from Professor John N. Warfield. IM enables us to develop - from our own good ideas - effective, actionable pictures of the systems we work within.
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 10
Interactive ManagementInteractive Management involves:
• Human ideas and perceptions - linguistics• An integration of human psychology
(behavioral issues) with technological concerns - how technology is used in real life
• ““The resolution to a problem must come The resolution to a problem must come from the people involved in the problem”from the people involved in the problem”
Cybernetics: “The science of communication and control in the animal and the machine”
• A ‘cybernetic’, ‘systems’ view of the world
Demands Democracy in the organisation!
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 11
Systems Theory: the transdisciplinary study of the abstract organization of
phenomena, independent of their substance, type, or spatial or temporal
scale of existence. It investigates both the principles common
to all complex entities, and the (usually mathematical) models which can
be used to describe them
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 12
To IInteractive M Management, , OPMS OPMS adds of ‘integration of ideas’::
• Idea Generation• Idea Structuring
Idea Integration
IMIM
OPMSOPMS
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 13
Not just Not just ‘idea generation in the abstract ’ ‘idea generation in the abstract ’
But ‘focussed’‘focussed’ Idea GenerationIdea Generation
The underlying idea always being: Enable and Ensure Enable and Ensure effectiveeffective ACTIONACTION!
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 14
Focus ‘trigger question’Focus ‘trigger question’::
““What, in your opinion, are the What, in your opinion, are the THINGS TO DO THINGS TO DO
to get the right job for your to get the right job for your abilities and interests ?” abilities and interests ?”
“To get the right job for your abilities and interests ?”
MISSION
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 15
Some Missions::• ““To get the right job for my interests, abilities”To get the right job for my interests, abilities”• ““To convince you that the OPMS approach offers a To convince you that the OPMS approach offers a
feasible way to go”feasible way to go”• ““To ensure all in the Production Department get To ensure all in the Production Department get
highly motivated to perform to the best of their highly motivated to perform to the best of their abilities”abilities”
• XYZ Ltd - “To reach turnover of Rs 2000 crores, with XYZ Ltd - “To reach turnover of Rs 2000 crores, with PAT of Rs 300 crores, by 2005”PAT of Rs 300 crores, by 2005”
• “To ensure that the bureaucracy becomes truly responsive to the real needs of citizens”
• ““To cleanse the Ganga”To cleanse the Ganga”• ““To ensure 90% literacy in Nation within 10 years”To ensure 90% literacy in Nation within 10 years”
Ambitious Missions areaccomplished by
‘stakeholders’ in Mission
Rajiv Gandhi’s Mission - failed
Another failedRG Mission
“To propagate OPMS in India and worldwide”
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 16
Ambitious Missions are highly Ambitious Missions are highly susceptible to failure!!susceptible to failure!! --- The OPMSOPMS
approach can help us successfully accomplish ANY kind of ambitious
Mission, whether individual, organisational, or societal
Please note: Please note: NotNot
“WILLWILL help”!
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 17
OPMSOPMS just asks: ““You have a problem You have a problem or Mission at hand? Not quite satisfied or Mission at hand? Not quite satisfied with the existing means of handling it? with the existing means of handling it? Try out theTry out the OPMSOPMS approach - it can approach - it can
help you move several significant help you move several significant steps forward!”steps forward!”
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 18
General format of General format of ‘first trigger question’ in ‘first trigger question’ in
OPMS OPMS approachapproach::
““What, in your opinion, are the What, in your opinion, are the THINGS TO DO THINGS TO DO
to accomplish ‘Mission’ ?”to accomplish ‘Mission’ ?”
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 19
Focussed Trigger Questions on Mission lead to:
Lists of ideas
EffectiveEffective OrganisationOrganisation of Ideasof Ideas
demand
Developments from ‘brainstorming’
Idea Idea ‘structuring’‘structuring’
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 20
Conventional management practices do not do too badly in terms of ‘generating ideas’‘generating ideas’ - though the usual methods could bear improvement
But conventional mgmt. But conventional mgmt. theory & practice are theory & practice are BOTH BOTH extremely deficientextremely deficient indeed in indeed in
terms of terms of ‘structuring of ideas’‘structuring of ideas’ - -
the concept barely exists!the concept barely exists!
1st Step:
Generate relevant ideasGenerate relevant ideas(from the people actually involved in the (from the people actually involved in the
Mission)Mission)
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 22
MISSION: “To double turnover within 1 year”“To double turnover within 1 year”
““What, in your opinion, are the THINGS TO…?”What, in your opinion, are the THINGS TO…?”Some ideas generatedSome ideas generated::• Obtain needed finance for basic working capital• Explore new, untried markets• Launch a new product• Appoint a dynamic CEO who knows our
business + the markets• Create more effective dealer network• … (etc, etc)
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 23
Okay - Ideas have been generated.
Now, those ideas must Now, those ideas must be effectively be effectively organisedorganised
for actionfor action
“Does, in your opinion,
To obtain needed finance for To obtain needed finance for basic working capital (1)basic working capital (1)
contributecontributeTo explore new, untried markets To explore new, untried markets
(2)(2)
?” (Response “YES”)
“Does, in your opinion,
To explore new, untried markets (2) To explore new, untried markets (2)
contributecontributeTo obtain needed finance for basic To obtain needed finance for basic
working capital (1)working capital (1)?” (Response “NO”)
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 26
What we have done is to record the ‘mental model’‘mental model’ of perceived relationships between two elements in a
‘graphical format’:
To explore new, untried markets (2)
To obtain needed finance for basic working capital (1)
CONTRIBUTESCONTRIBUTES
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 27
We ask a few more such questions. An important property of the relationship
“contributes to”“contributes to” enables us to create the entire model quite efficiently
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 28
should contribute
To monitor rigorously, day by day
Create more effective dealer network
• Launch a new product (A)
• Explore new, untried markets (B)
Obtain needed finance for basic working capital
Appoint Appoint new CEOnew CEO
Create more effective marketing systemCreate more effective marketing system
Model in THINGS TO DO Dimension (read bottom upwards)Model in THINGS TO DO Dimension (read bottom upwards)
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 29
The relationship “contributes to”“contributes to” has the following property:
If A B
AND B C
then A MUST C
(where A,B, C stand for various elements and
‘ ’ stands for “contributes to”
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 30
Does this seem familiar to you?Does this seem familiar to you?
Right!Right! It’s like ‘PERT/CPM’ - which is predicated on basis of the transitive relationship “precedes”
MSProjectPrimavera
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 31
House complete
Roof complet
e
Roof Frame complete
Wall Brickwork complete
External plastering complete
External plastering complete
Door , Window
Framework complete
FoundationComplete
Precedes
So-called Project Planning: Building a House
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 32
If ‘A’ precedesprecedes ‘B’Then ‘B’ cannot precedecannot precede ‘A’
(and the reverse question needs no asking)
However, if ‘A’ “contributes to” “contributes to” ‘B’
‘B’ may still contribute to” contribute to” ‘A’
i.e., the relationship is ‘reflexive’‘reflexive’
One difference:
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 33
‘‘Precedence’ Precedence’ can help us explore familiar and
well-known systems
But only the concept of ‘contribution’‘contribution’ can enable us to explore and to understand
systems containing sizable sections unknown
But the BIGBIG difference:
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 34
Any Mission is automatically accomplished if ALLALL the activities that may “contribute “contribute
to”to” that Mission are done by people involved
In this sense, the relationship contributes tocontributes to is probably THE MOST THE MOST
IMPORTANTIMPORTANT concept in any language! It is
the critical ‘Action Word’‘Action Word’.
Here’s the crux of the matter:
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 35
should contribute
To monitor rigorously, day by day
To create more effective dealer network
• To launch a new product (A)
• To explore new, untried markets (B)
To obtain needed finance for basic working capital
To appoint To appoint new CEOnew CEO
To create more effective marketing systemTo create more effective marketing system
This is called an INTENT STRUCTUREINTENT STRUCTURETo double turnover within 1 year
‘Intentions’, connected by perceived ‘contribution’ relationships between the
intentions!!
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 36
Intent Structures may require modifications from time to time
should contribute
To monitor rigorously, day by day
Create more effective dealer network
• Launch a new product (A)
• Explore new, untried markets (B)
Obtain needed finance for basic working capital
Appoint Appoint new CEOnew CEO
Create more effective marketing systemCreate more effective marketing system
To double turnover within 1 year
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 37
When an individual or group starts work on an unknown Mission, it is like someone
stepping into a darkened room - without a flashlight.
As these ‘contribution structures’ are developed, the Mission becomes
continuingly clarified to the people involved in the Mission (just as the dark room
becomes familiar to the explorer through his/her groping around).
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 38
THINGS
TO DO
These models can become as large as required to describe the most complex live situation! Over time, as we work on our Missions, our models may come to
comprise hundreds or even thousands of elements!
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 39
THINGS
TO DO
It turns out that this process of structuring with “contributes to” enables the users to focus at any time
on just a narrow band of a few ideas!
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 40
THINGS
TO DO
In such models, we can easily ‘fill in the gaps’ wherever found, in almost real-time - thus this
process is ideal for creating EFFECTIVE Action PlansEFFECTIVE Action Plans
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 41
should contribute
To monitor rigorously, day by day
Create more effective dealer network
• Launch a new product (A)
• Explore new, untried markets (B)
Obtain needed finance for basic working capital
Appoint Appoint new CEOnew CEO
Create more effective marketing systemCreate more effective marketing system
To double turnover within 1 year
Any such model can be translated into Any such model can be translated into ‘standard prose’ very easily indeed! And this ‘standard prose’ very easily indeed! And this
little model would translatelittle model would translateinto nearly a full page of prose. into nearly a full page of prose.
Obviously, it is MUCH easier to read, Obviously, it is MUCH easier to read, understand and remember the model!understand and remember the model!
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 42
should contribute
To monitor rigorously, day by day
Create more effective dealer network
• Launch a new product (A)
• Explore new, untried markets (B)
Obtain needed finance for basic working capital
Appoint Appoint new CEOnew CEO
Create more effective marketing systemCreate more effective marketing system
To double turnover within 1 yearA quick translation:
Everything we do requires regular monitoring - such as - Obtain needed finance for basic working capital & to appoint a CEO should should contributecontribute to Create more effective marketing system which in turn should contributeshould contribute to Launch a new product and to explore new, untried markets each of which contribute to each other. each of which contribute to each other. Also, obtaining needed finance for basic working capital & appointing a CEO should contribute to Launch a new product and to explore new, untried markets …… In turn, Launch a new product and to explore new, untried markets should contribute to create a new dealer network. Also...
A model of 40-50 elements, occupying maybe 2-3 pages
might be the equivalent of 30-40 pages of prose!!!
The length of the prose translation expands exponentially as the number of elements
increase!
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 44
THINGS
TO DO
Also, the models can be ‘blown up’ as required to Also, the models can be ‘blown up’ as required to the depth and detail as requiredthe depth and detail as required
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 45
Also, because of the “contribution” relationship, an ‘Action Planning’ model also shows the WHY? and the HOW? of
each element...THINGS
TO DO
WHY?
HOW?
To…
WHY?
HOW?
Up WHY?
Down HOW?
To match/surpass productivity of Israeli s/w industry by 2003
To ensure high quality of Indian s/w services and products
• To encourage s/w orgs to spend at least 25% of ttl s/w budget for s/w productivity tools
• To allow companies to utilise part of their export earnings for means to meet delivery schedules
To..
should contribute
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 47
THINGS
TO DO
WHY?
HOW?
UPUP the model to find out “WHY?”“WHY?”
DOWNDOWN the model to find out “HOW?”“HOW?”
The model shown: ISMISM
IInterpretive SStructural MModel
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 49
Warfield’s ISMISM process is a grand generalisation of the well known PERT/CPM tool, used in so-
called “Project Management Software”
PERT/CPM is based on the transitive relationship “precedesprecedes”
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 50
… but “precedence” is NEVERNEVER sufficient to describe ALL relevant aspects of a real ‘system’, such as an organisation working to accomplish a
challenging Mission!
Warfield’s ISM enables us to use ANY transitive relationship, choosing exactly the
one that is relevant to the issue under consideration at the specific time!
Transitive Relationships in a system:
“contributes to” – crucial for Action Planning - is just one of
the transitive relationships.There are many others…
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 52
Some more examples of transitive relationships:
• “is more important than”• “should have higher priority than” • “aggravates”• “enhances”• “implies”• “leads to”• (strictly) includes• “precedes” (used for PERT Charts – which
provide the basis of most conventional ‘Project Management Software’)
Different transitive relationships are appropriate at different parts of the system, at different times!
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 53
The second powerful systems modeling technique
invented by Professor John N. Warfield: Field Representation & Profiling…
…helps us clearly portray thedimensions of a system...
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 54
In brief - it is ‘clustering’ with due consideration of relationships in systems:
• First, we try to cleanse our minds of all pre-conceived categories..
• Then, OPMS asks questions like…
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 55
Field Representation & Profiling (contd.)
(In the context of the kind of actions needed to overcome the barriers, etc.)
““Is(B) Low productivity of Indian software
industrySIMILAR TO
(A) Our educational systems are highly ineffective
?””
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 56
Response “YES” would put element ‘B’ into the same
category as ‘A’ -“NO” would put it into a
different category…
…yielding models like the one illustrated next …
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 57
Titles createdafter clustering
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 58
Basically, FR FR provides a means of ‘clustering’ the elements into “similarity
classes” or “categories”.A critical component of a Field
Representation is the ‘System Tie-Line’ - which represents anyany or allall of the relationships inherent in the system
under consideration.
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 59
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 60
The elements are ‘linked’ by appropriate relationships as perceived by the users
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 61
The OPMS provides a facility to enable users write down prose translations of such visual linkages
“XYZ” MAY TEND TO INCREASE THE SEVERITY OF “ABC”
XYZ
ABC
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 62
It takes a while to develop the skills needed to use the System Tie Line
effectively to link different dimensions and elements together…
It’s well worth our while to work towards developing these skills…
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 63
…because Field Representations, over sufficient iterations, can be shown to satisfy
“Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety”
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 64
Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety (Simple Simon’s version)…
• “The dimensions of a proposed solution to a problem must match the dimensions of the problem”
• (If too few dimensions, the solution won’t work – if too many, the solution would be too expensive or too complicated!)
Most deficiencies and failures in organisational & societal systems take root from the fact that
the systems in question fail to satisfy Ashby’s Law!Ashby’s Law!
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 65
Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety:
A Design Situation embodies a requirement for Requisite Variety in thedesign specifications, as follows –
Every Design Situation S implicitly represents an (initially unknown) integerdimensionality Ks such that if the designer defines an integer Km number of distinctspecifications (whether qualitative or quantitative or a mix of these, then:
i. If Km < Ks, the Target is underspecified and the behavior of the Target is outside thecontrol of the Designer;
ii. If Km > Ks, the Target is overspecified, and the behavior pf the Target cannot becompatible with the designer’s wishes;
iii. If Km = Ks, the design specification exhibits Requisite Variety, provided thedesigner has correctly identified and specified the dimensions; and the behavior ofthe design should be that which the situation can absorb and which the deisgner cancontrol, subject to the requirement that the dimensionality of the Situation is notmodified by the introduction of the target into the Situation. If the dimensionality ischanged thereby, the design process can apply the Law of Requisite Varietyiteratively, taking into account the dynamics of the Situation.
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 66
System descriptions and prescriptions developed from
Field Representations enable us to discuss true systems
meaningfully and ‘actionably’!‘actionably’!
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 67
Despite its surface simplicity, this simple categorization can be a very powerful
and subtle tool, leading to some comprehensive articulations of the most
‘complex systems’…
- for example, the ‘One Page Management System’ …
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 68
To develop an OPMS, we need to ask and To develop an OPMS, we need to ask and respond to six FUNDAMENTAL Questions respond to six FUNDAMENTAL Questions on the following Dimensions:on the following Dimensions:
• THINGS TO DOTHINGS TO DO• BARRIERS / DIFFICULTIES / THREATSBARRIERS / DIFFICULTIES / THREATS• STRENGTHS (Available / Required)STRENGTHS (Available / Required)• WEAKNESSESWEAKNESSES• OPPORTUNITIES (Available / Preparation OPPORTUNITIES (Available / Preparation
required to utilise)required to utilise)• EVENTS / MILESTONESEVENTS / MILESTONES
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 69
So what is thisSo what is thisOne Page Management System? One Page Management System?
What does it look like?What does it look like?
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 70
It’s a ‘model of models’, involving:It’s a ‘model of models’, involving:
• Idea Generation• Idea Structuring
Idea Integration
IMIM
OPMSOPMS
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 71
The Field Representation shown first was a ‘model of elements’. The OPMS, next slide, is a Field Representation which is actually a
MODELMODEL OFOF MODELS!MODELS!
It consists of all the models constructed during the ‘process’ of accomplishing a Mission, crystallized onto a single pageonto a single page.
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 72
Mission: “To recruit and retain talent” Mission
‘Fundamental’ Dimensions of OPMS
System Tie Line
‘System’ Dimensions of OPMS
The System Tie-Line System Tie-Line represents any or allany or all of the relationships
inherent in the system under discussion
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 73
Mission: “To recruit and retain talent”
“Contribute to” “Aggravate”
“Enhance” “lead to”
“Aggravate” “Precede”
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 74
The OPMSOPMS is a ‘general system ‘general system framework’ framework’ to help us organise
our ideas and activities in pursuit of any well-conceived Mission - with a view to enable and ensure
effective actioneffective action
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 75
How is OPMSOPMS different from the conventional
‘Project Management Software?’(e.g. MSProject, Primavera, etc)
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 76
Mission: “To recruit and retain talent”
Conventional ‘ProjectManagement Software’
“Precede”
Hinder/Prevent Accomplishment
Help Overcome
Help Overcome
Using OPMS, OPMS, people involved can always see the linkages between the various dimensions of the OPMS:OPMS:
A: THINGS TO DO
B: BARRIERS
C: STRENGTHS
HELP ACCOMPLISH
HINDER
HELP OVERCOME
…more linkages…
B: Barriers/Weaknesses
HINDER
Activities
Strengths required
HELP ACCOMPLISH
HELP OVERCOME
Opportunities
HELP AVAIL
Activities
B: Barriers/Weaknesses
Strengths required
HELP ACCOMPLISH
HINDERHINDER
HELP OVERCOME
Opportunities
HELP AVAIL
MISSIONHELP
ACCOMPLISH
These models can become as detailed These models can become as detailed as required, right down to the level as required, right down to the level
of…of…
WHICH BARRIER hinders WHICH ACTIVITY?
WHICH STRENGTH is required to overcome WHICH BARRIER?
All this and more becomes clear as the OPMS is developed!
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 83
Linkages between ‘BARRIERS’ & ‘THINGS TO DO’
The barrier marked in the FR HINDERS / PREVENTS accomplishment of the objective marked in the ISM (and all objectives above it)!
FundamentalDimensions
Activities
B: Barriers/Weaknesses
Strengths required
HELP ACCOMPLISH
HINDER
HELP OVERCOME
Opportunities
HELP AVAIL
MISSIONHELP
ACCOMPLISH
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 86
All needed ‘subsystems’ for the Mission will develop most effectively indeed as
the people involved in the Mission understand clearly how various elements
in the ‘Fundamental Dimensions’‘Fundamental Dimensions’ impact on the THINGS TO DOTHINGS TO DO to
accomplish the Mission
‘System’ Dimensions
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 88
Planning System
• Defines how the individual/ organisation plans
• Who is responsible for planning?• Interaction of ‘Planning’ with other
Dimensions and Departments• Budget
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 89
Information Systems
• Mission: “To ensure that the right right information reaches the right right person, at the rightright time, in the rightright format”
• Defining the Information Systems group, what it does - and how
• Interactions of ‘InfoSystems’ with other Dimensions and Departments
• Budget
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 90
Other sub-Systems as appropriate:• Production System• Monitoring & Evaluation System• Finance and Finance Control System• Problem Solving and Learning Systems• Etc - whatever be the systems required - the
people involved should create them: the OPMSOPMS enables creation of such required sub-systems.
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 91
Monitoring & Evaluation System:
For each important element or group of elements in the Action Plan:
• Who’s responsible?• When should it be started/completed?• How Much ? - Budget for this item -
relationship with total budget for Mission• Etc - as required
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 92
Problem Solving System & Problem Solving System & Learning SystemLearning System
• Both above Systems are built into the very process of the OPMSOPMS
• We provide a series of models showing just what is meant by problem-solving and learning in the system environment
• Users are encouraged to add special features of their specific Problem-Solving and Learning Systems
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 93
Represents ”contributes to"
Effective Learning Effective Problem Solving
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 94
Learning & Problem SolvingLearning & Problem Solving• What do you want ‘learning’ to be in the
organisation/ for yourself? • Who learns? When? How? Detailed
definition/specification of ‘Learning Systems’ for the organisation/ for the individual.
• What do you want ‘problem solving’ to be?• Who problem solves? When? How?
Definition/specification of problem solving in the organisation/by the individual
GSC - OPMS - IIT Pres. 95
Mission: “To recruit and retain talent”
A complete, ‘general system’
Thank you!Thank you!