The Official SAT Online Course35
Transcript of The Official SAT Online Course35
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Explanation for Correct Answer D :
Choice (D) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by providing
the main verb launched to carry out the action of the sentence.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) involves a sentence fragment. There is no main verb to
carry out the action of the sentence, only the participle launching.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) results in a verb-tense error. T he adverb recently
indicates an action completed in the past, making the verb phrase
would launch, which implies a future event, inappropriate.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) results in a sentence fragment. There is no main verb tocarry out the action of the sentence, only the participle launching.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) results in a sentence fragment. There is no main verb to
carry out the action of the sentence, only the participle launched.
2
View Answers and Explanations
Back to Score Report
Online - Practice Test #3
The Womens Media Group recently laun ching a n inter n program in a n effort to
encourage min ority women to think about careers in publishing a nd electronic
media.
(A) The Womens Media Group recently launching an intern program
(B) The Womens Media Group recently would launch an intern program
(C) Recently launching an intern program , the Womens Media Group
(D) The Womens Media Group recently launched an intern program
(E) An intern program recently lau nched by the Womens Media Group
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
Bears in Yosemite N ational Park h av e been known to break int o cars for food,
candy , or ev en toothpaste, since such is th e case, most campers heed posted
Test Sections
Section 1
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Section 9
Sect ion 1 0
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Explanation for Correct Answer E :
Choice (E) is correct. It avoids the comma-splice error of the original
by appropriately joining two independent clauses (Bears in
Yosemite National Park have been known to break into cars for food,
candy, or even toothpaste and most campers heed posted warnings
about the animals) with a semicolon, the conjunction therefore,
and a comma.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) involves a comma-splice error. Two independent clauses
(Bears in Yosemite National Park have been known to break into
cars for food, candy, or even toothpaste and since such is the case,
most campers heed posted warnings about the animals) are
improperly joined by only a comma.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) results in a coordination error. The preposition with
does not appropriately establish the cause-effect relationship
between the first and second concepts (Bears in Yosemite National
Park have been known to break into cars for food, candy, or even
toothpaste and most campers heed posted warnings).
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) involves a comma-splice error. Two independent clauses
(Bears in Yosemite National Park have been known to break into
cars for food, candy, or even toothpaste and most campers heed
posted warnings about the animals as a result) are improperly joinedby only a comma.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) results in a sentence fragment. The semicolon improperly
joins an independent clause (Bears in Yosemite National Park have
been known to break into cars for food, candy, or even toothpaste)
and a dependent clause (and most campers heed posted warnings
about the animals because of that).
(A)toothpaste, since such is the ca se, m ost cam pers heed posted war ning s
about t he animals
(B)toothpaste, w ith most c am pers therefore h eeding posted warn ings about
the animals
(C)toothpaste, m ost cam pers heed posted warnin gs about the a nim als as a
result
(D)toothpaste; and m ost ca mpers heed posted warnin gs about th e anim als
becau se of th at
(E)toothpaste; ther efore, m ost cam pers heed posted warn ings about t he
animals
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
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3
Explanation for Correct Answer B :
Choice (B) is correct. It avoids the modification error of the original
by providing the appropriate modifying phrase beginning with who
have designed.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) results in a modification error. The sentence illogically
implies that the National Concrete Canoe Competition designedcanoes.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) results in unidiomatic phrasing. The preposition of is
unidiomatic following the verb attracts. In addition, the
prepositional phrase for designing does not logically modify
students.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) results in unidiomatic phrasing. The verb phrase to bedesigning is unidiomatic following the verb attracts. In addition,
the phrase to be designing does not logically modify students.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is awkward and imprecise. It does not make clear when
the team of students designed canoes that promote the versatility of
concrete or how the design of these canoes relates to the
competition.
4
The ann ual Na tional Concrete Can oe Competition attr acts team s of engineering
students hav ing designed canoes that promote the v ersatility of concrete.
(A) having designed
(B) who have designed
(C) for designing
(D) to be designing
(E) and they designed
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
An na Freu d adapted classical psy ch oanal y tic t ech ni que to the treat ment of y oun g
children, being Sigmund Freuds daughter.
(A)An na Freu d adapted classical psy ch oanaly tic tech ni que to the treatm ent of
y oun g chi ldr en, bein g Sigm und Freu ds daugh ter.
(B)An na Freu d adapted classical psy ch oanaly tic tech ni que to the treatm ent of
y oun g chi ldr en, a nd she w as Si gm und Freu ds daugh ter.
(C)An na Freu d, wh o as Sigm und Freu ds daugh ter a dapted classical
psy choanaly tic technique to the treatment of y oung children.
(D)Being Ann a Freud, Sigmu nd Freuds daugh ter adapted classical
psy choanaly tic technique to the treatment of y oung children.
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Explanation for Correct Answer E :
Choice (E) is correct. It avoids the modification error of the original
by placing the modifying phrase Sigmund Freuds daughter
immediately after the subject (Anna Freud) that it modifies.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) involves a modification error. It is unclear what the
modifying phrase being Sigmund Freuds daughter is meant to
modify.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) involv es a subordination and a verb-form error. T he fact
that Anna Freud is the daughter of Sigmund Freud is not of equal
value to the statement that Anna Freud adapted classical
psychoanalytic technique to the treatment of young children, so the
two statements should not be joined with a comma and the
conjunction and. In addition, the past-tense verb was in the
clause she was Sigmund Freuds daughter illogically implies that
Anna Freud is no longer Sigmund Freuds daughter.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) results in a sentence fragment. There is no main verb to
carry out the action of the sentence, only the relative clause
beginning with who.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) involves an idiom error. The introductory phrase Being
Anna Freud is unidiomatic. The participle being should be deleted,
and a comma should be placed after daughter.
5
(E) Anna Freud, Sigmun d Freuds daughter, adapted classical psychoanalytic
technique to the treatment of young children.
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
Mindful of the gr owing popularit y of backy ard compost piles among h ome
gardeners, experts warn t hat a dding meat, dair y product s, or cooking gr ease to
compost will attract v ermin.
(A)experts warn th at adding m eat, dairy product s, or cooking gr ease to
compost will
(B)adding m eat, dair y products, or cooking g rease to compost, t his is what
experts warn will
(C)and with w arn ings from experts that adding meat , dairy product s, or
cooking gr ease to compost will
(D)wa rn in gs fr om expert s concerni ng th e addit ion of m eat, dai ry products, or
cooking gr ease to compost will
(E)experts warning tha t adding meat , dairy products, or cooking gr ease to
compost w ould
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Explanation for Correct Answer A :
Choice (A) is correct. It avoids the errors of the other options by
providing a subject (experts) that can be logically modified by the
phrase Mindful of . . . gardeners.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) results in a lack of subject. T here is no subject for the
phrase Mindful of the growing popularity of backyard compost piles
among home gardeners to logically modify.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) results in a sentence fragment. There is no main verb to
carry out the action of the sentence, only the v erb phrase will
attract, which is part of the modify ing phrase beginning with and
with warnings from experts
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) results in a modification error. The sentence illogically
implies that warnings are Mindful of the growing popularity of
backy ard compost piles.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) results in a sentence fragment. There is no main verb to
carry out the action of the sentence, only the participle warning.
6
Explanation for Correct Answer A :
Choice (A) is correct. It avoids the errors of the other options by
providing the parallel noun phrases a foe of colonialism, an
advocate of civ il disobedience, and a master of political oratory.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) results in a lack of parallelism. The gerund phrase
mastering political oratory is not parallel with the preceding noun
phrases a foe of colonialism and an advocate of civil
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
Jaw ahar lal Nehru , th e first Prime Minister of an independent India, was a foe of
colonialism, an adv ocate of civ il disobedience, an d a m aster of political oratory .
(A) was a foe of colonialism, an adv ocate of civil disobedience, and a m aster of
(B) was a foe of colonialism, an a dvocate of civil disobedience, and ma stering
(C) was a foe of colonialism, adv ocated civ il disobedience, and a master of
(D) was a foe of colonialism, an adv ocate of civil disobedience, and he m astered
(E) fought colonialism, was an advocate of civil disobedience, m astering
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
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disobedience.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) results in a lack of parallelism. The phrase advocated
civil disobedience is not parallel with the noun phrases that precede
(a foe of colonialism) or follow (a master of political oratory) it.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) results in a lack of parallelism. The phrase he mastered
political oratory is not parallel with the preceding noun phrases a
foe of colonialism and an advocate of civil disobedience.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) results in a lack of parallelism. So that the sentence
contains three parallel v erb phrases, the gerund mastering should
be changed to mastered, and the conjunction and should be used
to link mastered to what precedes it.
7
Explanation for Correct Answer B :
Choice (B) is correct. If avoids the verb-tense and redundancy errors
of the original by providing the appropriate modifying phrase
sweeping almost unchecked over great distances.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) involves a v erb-tense and redundancy error. T he past
progressive tense verb phrase having swept in the modifying
phrase is inconsistent with the present-tense verb is in the mainclause. In addition, the pronoun it is redundant since the pronoun
immediately follows the subject (Strong wind) it refers to.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) results in a coordination error. T he conjunction for
implies that strong wind will sweep over great distances becauseit is
a component of the grassland climate; however, the original intent of
the sentence is that strong wind is a component of grassland climate
as a resultof its sweeping over great distances.
Strong wind, it ha v ing swept almost un checked ov er great distances, is a prime
component of the gr assland clim ate.
(A) it hav ing swept almost unchecked ov er great distances,
(B) sweeping almost unchecked ov er great distances,
(C) being alm ost unchecked, will sweep ov er great distances, for it
(D) with almost unchecked sweeping ov er great distances,
(E) swept ov er great distances and almost unchecked,
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
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Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) results in awkward, unidiomatic phrasing. The phrase
with almost unchecked sweeping is unidiomatic and should be
replaced with the phrase sweeping almost unchecked.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) involves unidiomatic phrasing. It is appropriate to
describe the actionof wind as sweeping, but it is not idiomatic todescribe Strong wind as swept over great distances.
8
Explanation for Correct Answer A :
Choice (A) is correct. It avoids the errors of the other options by
appropriately joining two related independent clauses with a colon.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) results in a comma splice. T wo independent clauses
(Although she wrote 2,000 years ago, the Roman poet Sulpicia isstill being read and her poems are available in English translation in
a number of anthologies) are improperly joined by only a comma.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) results in improper coordination. A dependent clause
(her poems being available in English translation in a number of
anthologies) is improperly joined to an independent clause with a
semicolon.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :Choice (D) involves awkward, unidiomatic phrasing. The phrase her
poems are being available is unidiomatic and so should be replaced
with the idiomatic her poems are available.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) results in a comma splice. T wo independent clauses
(Although she wrote 2,000 years ago, the Roman poet Sulpicia is
still being read and yet her poems are available in English
translation in a number of anthologies) are improperly joined by
Al th oug h sh e wrote 2 ,0 00 y ears a go, th e Roma n poet Su lpicia is still being read:
her poems are av ailable in English tran slation in a num ber of anth ologies.
(A) read: her poems are
(B) read, her poems are
(C) read; her poems being
(D) read: her poems are being
(E) read, yet her poems are
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
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only a comma.
9
Explanation for Correct Answer E :
Choice (E) is correct. It avoids the lack of parallelism of the original
by providing the appropriate conjunction (and) to complete the
correlative construction both . . . and . . .
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) involves a lack of parallelism. The sentence intends to
link two things together using the correlative construction both . . .
and . . . However, here the conjunction but is improperly used in
place of and.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) results in a lack of parallelism. The sentence intends to
link two things together using the correlative construction both . . .
and . . . However, here the phrase but also is improperly used in
place of and.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) involves a lack of parallelism. The sentence intends to link
two things together using the correlative construction both . . . and .
. . However, here the conjunction yet is improperly used in place
of and.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) results in a lack of parallelism. The sentence intends to
link two things together using the correlative construction both . . .
and . . . In this construction, what follows both must be
grammatically similar to what follows and. However, here as
precedes both but follows and.
10
The apparently chaotic images in certain types of contemporary painting strike
many v iewers as both confusing but delightfully original.
(A) but
(B) bu t also
(C) y et
(D) an d a s
(E) and
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
The directors insistence that there be adequat e stage light ing and professionally
installed backdrops in th e theater was not obstinate but a determ ination to prov ide
a safe work env ironment for the actors and stage crew.
(A) was not obstinate but a determination
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Explanation for Correct Answer E :
Choice (E) is correct. It avoids the lack of parallelism of the original
by providing a prepositional phrase to follow each part of the
correlative construction not . . . but . . .
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) results in a lack of parallelism. In correlative
constructions such as not . . . but . . ., what follows not must be
grammatically similar to what follows but. However, here an
adjective (obstinate) follows not while a noun (a determination)
follows but.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) results in an illogical statement. The sentence illogically
suggests that the directors insistence was not obstinate but
determined.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) results in a comma splice. Two independent clauses (The
directors insistence that . . . obstinacy and he was determined . . .
crew) are improperly joined by only a comma.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) results in a lack of parallelism. In correlative
constructions such as not . . . but . . ., what follows not must be
grammatically similar to what follows but. However, here a
preposition (from) follows not while a pronoun (he) follows
but.
11
Explanation for Correct Answer C :
(B) was not obstinate but determined
(C) was not because of obstinacy , he was determined
(D) resulted not from obstinacy , but he was determined
(E) resulted not from obstinacy but from a determination
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
Research ers hav e found th at lar ge fish ar e most likely to contain high lev els of
mercury than small fish.
(A) are most likely to contain high levels of mercury than small fish
(B) are more likely to contain high levels of mercury compared to small fish
(C) are more likely th an small fish to contain high levels of mercury
(D) compared with small fish most likely contain high levels of mercury
(E) more likely contain higher levels of mercury t han in small fish
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
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Choice (C) is correct. It avoids the modification error of the original
by providing the appropriate comparative modifier more.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) results in a modification error. Only one type of thing
(large fish) is being compared with one other type of thing (small
fish), making most an inappropriate comparative modifier.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) results in unidiomatic phrasing. It is idiomatic to follow
the comparative phrase more likely with the conjunction than
not compared to.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) results in an illogical statement. T he sentence illogically
implies that only large fish that are compared with small fish contain
high levels of mercury .
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) results in a logical comparison error. The noun phrase
large fish is being inappropriately compared with the prepositional
phrase in small fish.
12
Corrected Sentence:While working at Harvard Observatory
classifying stars, Antonia Maury became one of the first astronomers
to identify a spectroscopic binary star with her discovery of Beta
Aurigae in 1889.
Explanation for Correct Answer B :
The error in the sentence occurs at (B). The use of the participle
becoming results in a sentence fragment. A main verb (became) is
needed to carry out the action of the sentence.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
There is no error at (A). T he conjunction While in the introductory
phrase While working at Harvard Observatory appropriately
establishes an action taking place at the same time that another
action was completed.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
While worki ng at Harv ar d Obser v at ory classify in g star s, A nt onia Mau ry
becoming one of th e fir st a str onomers to ident ify a spectroscopic bina ry sta r w ith
her discov ery of Beta Auriga e in 18 89. No error
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
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There is no error at (C). The infinitive to identify idiomatically
follows the phrase one of the first astronomers.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
There is no error at (D). The preposition with appropriately
introduces the prepositional phrase with her discovery, and the
possessive pronoun her appropriately refers to Antonia Maury.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the
sentence.
13
Corrected Sentence:Before steamships started crossing the
North Atlantic in the early nineteenth century, the best way to travel
between Europe and America was on sailing ships called packets.
Explanation for Correct Answer C :
The error in the sentence occurs at (C). The present perfect verb
has been describes an action completed at an unspecified time
before the present. The phrase Before steamships started crossing
the North Atlantic in the early nineteenth century, indicates that the
past-tense verb was is needed to indicate an action completed in
the past.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
There is no error at (A). T he infinitive to travel idiomatically
follows the phrase the best way.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
There is no error at (B). The preposition between idiomatically
follows the verb trav el and appropriately introduces the
prepositional phrase between Europe and America.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
There is no error at (D). T he past participle called appropriately
modifies the plural noun ships.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the
sentence.
14
Before steamships started crossing the North A tlant ic in the ear ly nineteenth
century , the best w ay to trav el between Europe and Am erica has been on sailing
ships called packets. No err or
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
The m ost successful a lgebra teach ers do not hav e their stu dents simply mem orize
form ulas and equations; they ma ke sure th at th eir students also understand th e
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Corrected Sentence:The most successful algebra teachers do not
have their students simply memorize formulas and equations; they
make sure that their students also understand the underlying
mathematical concepts.
Explanation for Correct Answer E : There is no error in this
sentence.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
There is no error at (A). T he adverb most appropriately modifies
the adjective successful, which modifies the noun phrase algebra
teachers.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
There is no error at (B). The plural possessive pronoun theirappropriately refers to the plural noun teachers.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
There is no error at (C). The plural verb phrase make sure agrees
with the plural subject they, and the conjunction that
appropriately introduces the clause that their students also
understand theconcepts.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
There is no error at (D). The plural verb understand agrees with theplural subject students.
15
Corrected Sentence:Of three common approaches to writing
music, composers generally seem to find instrumental improvisation
the most congenial.
Explanation for Correct Answer D :
The error in the sentence occurs at (D). The adverb more should
only be used to compare two things. T he sentence references three
common approaches to writing music, so the adverb more should
be replaced with the adverb most.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
underly ing mathem atical concepts. No error
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
Of three comm on approaches to wr iting m usic, composers generally seem t o find
instrum ental improv isation the more congenial. No error
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
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There is no error at (A). T he preposition of appropriately
introduces the introductory prepositional phrase Of three common
approaches to writing music.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
There is no error at (B). The plural verb seem agrees with the plural
subject composers.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
There is no error at (C). The phrase to f ind is idiomatic after
seem.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the
sentence.
16
Corrected Sentence:Among the most dangerous environmental
threats that we face is compu-garbage, the nonbiodegradable and
often toxic waste resulting from the improper disposal of obsolete
personal computers.
Explanation for Correct Answer B :
The error in the sentence occurs at (B). The plural verb are doesnot agree with the singular subject compu-garbage and should be
replaced with the singular verb is.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
There is no error at (A). T he preposition Among appropriately
introduces the prepositional phrase Among the most dangerous
environmental threats.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
There is no error at (C). The adverb often appropriately modifies
the adjective toxic, which modifies the noun waste.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
There is no error at (D). The noun disposal is idiomatically
followed by the preposition of, which introduces the prepositional
phrase of obsolete personal computers.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the
sentence.
Am ong th e m ost dang erous en v ironm enta l thr eats t ha t w e face a re com pu-
garba ge, t he nonbiodegradable and often toxic wa ste resultin g from th e improper
disposal of obsolete personal computers. No error
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
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17
Corrected Sentence:Slanting through the trees, yesterdays late
afternoon sun cast deep shadows on the bedroom wall.
Explanation for Correct Answer C :
The error in the sentence occurs at (C). The modifying phrase more
deeper is unidiomatic and redundant and should be replaced by the
adjective deep.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
There is no error at (A). The participle Slanting and the idiomatic
preposition through appropriately begin the participial phrase that
appropriately modifies the subject sun.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
There is no error at (B). The past-tense verb cast appropriately
describes an action that occurred in the past as indicated by the
possessive noun yesterdays.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
There is no error at (D). T he preposition on appropriately
introduces the prepositional phrase on the bedroom wall.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the
sentence.
18
Corrected Sentence:After sampling the grapes, the six judges
decided that the homegrown produce tasted better than the import
companys produce.
Explanation for Correct Answer D :
The error in the sentence occurs at (D). It does not make sense to
compare homegrown produce to the import company. Instead,
homegrown produce should be compared to the import
companys produce.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Slanting thr ough the t rees, yesterday s late aftern oon sun ca st more deeper
shadows on the bedroom wall . No err or
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
After sa m plin g t he gr apes, t he six ju dges decided tha t t he hom egrown produce
tasted better than th e import compan y . No error
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
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There is no error at (A). T he preposition after appropriately
introduces the introductory prepositional phrase After sampling the
grapes.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
There is no error at (B). The past-tense verb decided appropriately
indicates an action completed in the past (after the grapes were
sampled).
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
There is no error at (C). The past-tense verb tasted appropriately
describes an action completed in the past, and the adjective better
complements the subject produce.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the
sentence.
19
Corrected Sentence:For most of recent history, people have used
energy wastefully, but now that supplies of essential fuels are
becoming rapidly depleted, environmentalists are urging people to
change the way they use energy.Explanation for Correct Answer D :
The error in the sentence occurs at (D). It is not clear to what the
singular pronoun it is meant to refer. The precise the way they use
energy should be used instead.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
There is no error at (A). T he preposition for appropriately
introduces the introductory prepositional phrase For most of recent
history.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
There is no error at (B). The conjunction now is used appropriately
to indicate an action in the present (now that supplies of essential
fuels are becoming rapidly depleted).
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
There is no error at (C). The adverb rapidly appropriately modifies
the past participle depleted.
For m ost of recent history, people hav e used energy wastefully , but now that
supplies of essential fuels are becomin g r apidly depleted, env ironmenta lists are
urg ing people to chan ge it. No error
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
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Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the
sentence.
20
Corrected Sentence:As the guide led us through the exhibit of
ancient Russian icons, she interspersed explanations of the objects
with stories about her own first encounters with Russian art, giving a
unique personal dimension to the tour.
Explanation for Correct Answer D :
The error in the sentence occurs at (D). The pronoun you should
be deleted. It is unnecessary in the sentence and inconsistent with the
previous pronoun us.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
There is no error at (A). T he conjunction as appropriately
introduces the introductory phrase As the guide led us through the
exhibit of ancient Russian icons to indicate an action happening at
the same time as the following action (she interspersed explanations
of the objects).
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
There is no error at (B). The preposition with appropriatelyintroduces the prepositional phrase with stories, and the
preposition about appropriately introduces the prepositional
phrase about her own first encounters with Russian art.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
There is no error at (C). The adjectives own and first
appropriately modify the plural noun encounters.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the
sentence.
21
Corrected Sentence:The region bounded by the northwest corner
of Greenland, the northern tip of Labrador, and the Mackenzie Delta
As t he gu ide l ed us th rough th e ex hibit of an cient Ru ssian icons, she in terspersed
explanations of the objects with stories about her own first encounters wit h Russian
art , giv ing y ou a un ique personal dimension to the tour. No error
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
The region bounded by the n orth west corner of Greenland, th e northern tip of
Labrador, a nd the Mackenzie Delta inclu de the islands collectiv ely known as the
Canadian Arct ic Archipelago. No error
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
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includes the islands collectively known as the Canadian Arctic
Archipelago.
Explanation for Correct Answer B :
The error in the sentence occurs at (B). The plural verb include
does not agree with the singular subject region and so should be
replaced with the singular verb includes.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
There is no error at (A). T he past participle bounded appropriately
modifies the noun region and is idiomatically followed by the
preposition by, which introduces the prepositional phrase by the
northwest corner.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
There is no error at (C). The adverb collectively appropriately
modifies the adjective known.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
There is no error at (D). The phrase known as appropriately
modifies the plural noun islands.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the
sentence.
22
Corrected Sentence:Because traffic was unusually heavy , Jim
arrived ten minutes late for his job interview even though he had run
desperately all the way from the bus stop.
Explanation for Correct Answer C :
The error in the sentence occurs at (C). The sentence is describing an
action (Jim ran from the bus stop) that occurred before another
action in the past (Jim arrived ten minutes late for his job interv iew).
This requires the past perfect tense, so had ran should be replaced
with the past perfect verb phrase had run.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
There is no error at (A). T he adverb unusually appropriately
modifies the adjective heavy, which appropriately modifies the
noun traffic.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Because traffic was unusually heav y , Jim arriv ed ten m inutes late for his job
interv iew even though he had ran desperately all the w ay from th e bus stop. No
error
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
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There is no error at (B). The preposition for idiomatically follows
the adjective late and appropriately introduces the prepositional
phrase for his job interview.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
There is no error at (D). T he preposition from idiomatically follows
the noun way and appropriately introduces the prepositional
phrase from the bus stop.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the
sentence.
23
Corrected Sentence:As adults, male golden silk spiders live not in
webs of their own making but rather in webs made by female spiders.
Explanation for Correct Answer E : There is no error in this
sentence.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
There is no error at (A). T he conjunction As in the introductory
phrase As adults appropriately indicates that the action of the
sentence occurs when male golden silk spiders are adults.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
There is no error at (B). The plural verb live agrees with the plural
subject spiders, and the adverb not appropriately modifies the
verb live.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
There is no error at (C). The plural possessive pronoun their
appropriately refers to the plural noun spiders, and the adjective
own appropriately modifies the gerund making.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
There is no error at (D). T he past participle made appropriately
serves to modify the noun webs and is idiomatically followed by
the preposition by, which introduces the prepositional phrase by
female spiders.
24
As a dults, m ale golden silk spider s liv e not in webs of th eir own mak ing but r at her
in webs made by female spiders. No error
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
Mr. Hanson proudly demonstrat ed his compan y s latest cell phone, a model that
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Corrected Sentence:Mr. Hanson proudly demonstrated his
companys latest cell phone, a model that flashes the time in color-
coded numerals when a button is pressed.
Explanation for Correct Answer D :
The error in the sentence occurs at (D). It does not make sense to say
that the cell phone model is pressing a button. The phrase pressing
a button should be replaced with when a button is pressed.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
There is no error at (A). T he adverb proudly appropriately
modifies the past-tense verb demonstrated.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
There is no error at (B). The possessive pronoun his appropriately
refers to Mr. Hanson and modifies the possessive noun companys,
which modifies the phrase latest cell phone.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
There is no error at (C). The singular verb flashes agrees with the
singular subject a model. In addition, the relative pronoun that
appropriately introduces the relative clause that flashes . . .
numerals that modifies a model.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the
sentence.
25
Corrected Sentence:At a time when interest in twentieth-century
classical music seems on the verge of dissappearing, the avant-garde
compositions of the 1960s and 1970s manage to retain their
popularity.
Explanation for Correct Answer C :
The error in the sentence occurs at (C). The preposition to is
unidiomatic after on the verge and should be replaced with the
preposition of. In addition, the verb disappear should be
replaced with "dissapearing."
flashes the tim e in color-coded numera ls when pressing bu tton. No error
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
At a t im e when interest in t wentieth-centu ry classical music seem s on the v erge to
disappear, the av ant -gar de compositions of the 1 96 0s and 19 7 0s manag e to retain
their popularit y . No error
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
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Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
There is no error at (A). T he relative pronoun when appropriately
introduces the relative clause when interest in twentieth century
classical music seems on the verb of disappearing.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
There is no error at (B). The singular verb seems agrees with the
singular subject interest.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
There is no error at (D). The plural verb manage agrees with the
plural subject compositions.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the
sentence.
26
Corrected Sentence:A powerful advocate of equal rights, Belva
Lockwood was twice a candidate for President long before the
Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution allowed women to vote.
Explanation for Correct Answer A :
The error in the sentence occurs at (A). The preposition to is
unidiomatic following the noun advocate and should be replaced
with the preposition of.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
There is no error at (B). The singular past-tense verb was agrees
with the singular subject Belva Lockwood and appropriately
indicates an action occurring in the past.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
There is no error at (C). The preposition to idiomatically follows
the noun Amendment and appropriately introduces the
prepositional phrase to the Constitution.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
There is no error at (D). The plural noun women appropriately
serves as the direct object, and the infinitive to vote appropriately
serves as the indirect object, of the past-tense verb allowed.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the
A power ful a dv ocate to equ al ri gh ts, Belv a Lockwood was tw ice a ca ndida te for
President long before th e Nineteenth Am endment to the Constitu tion allowed
women t o v ote. No er ror
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
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sentence.
27
Corrected Sentence:Persistent use of antibacterial soaps in
homes both kills many innocuous bacteria and encourages harmful
ones to develop even more resistant strains.
Explanation for Correct Answer E : There is no error in this
sentence.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
There is no error at (A). T he conjunction both appropriately
modifies the singular verb kills, which agrees with the singular
subject use.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
There is no error at (B). The adjectives many and innocuous
appropriately modify the noun bacteria.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
There is no error at (C). The singular verb encourages agrees with
the singular subject use.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
There is no error at (D). The adverb ev en appropriately modifies
the adverb more, which appropriately modifies the adjective
resistant. The adjective resistant appropriately modifies the
plural noun strains.
28
Corrected Sentence:Annual visitors to New York Citys Central
Park number almost ten times the visitors to Mount Rushmore.
Explanation for Correct Answer D :
The error in the sentence occurs at (D). It does not make sense to
compare the plural noun phrase visitors to New Y ork City s Central
Park to the singular phrase that of Mount Rushmore. The singular
phrase should be replaced with the plural noun phrase visitors to
Persistent use of ant ibacterial soaps in h omes both kills many innocuous bacteria
and encourages harm ful ones to develop ev en m ore resistant strains. No error
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
An nu al v isit ors to New York Cit y s Centr al Par k num ber al most ten tim es th at of
Moun t Rushm ore. No err or
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
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Mount Rushmore so that both phrases reference visitors to a
location.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
There is no error at (A). T he preposition to idiomatically follows
the plural noun visitors and appropriately introduces the
prepositional phrase to New York City s Central Park.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
There is no error at (B). The plural verb number agrees with the
plural subject visitors.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
There is no error at (C). The adverb almost appropriately modifies
the word ten.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the
sentence.
29
Corrected Sentence:To insist that a poem means whatever one
wants it to mean is often to ignore the intention and even the words
of the poet.
Explanation for Correct Answer C :
The error in the sentence occurs at (C). The verb form ignoring is
not parallel with the preceding verb phrase, the infinitive To insist
and so should be replaced with the infinitive to ignore.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
There is no error at (A). T he indefinite pronoun one appropriately
references an individual in general.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
There is no error at (B). The singular verb wants agrees with the
singular pronoun one, and the singular pronoun it appropriately
references the singular noun poem.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
There is no error at (D). The adverb ev en appropriately modifies
the noun phrase the words.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E : There is an error in the
To insist th at a poem m eans what ev er one wants it to mean is often ign oring the
intent ion an d even t he words of the poet. No error
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
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sentence.
(1)The decade after 1 937 saw considerable growth in the African Am erican
press in t he United Stat es. (2)Traditionally , A frican Am erican newspapers had
been distribu ted only th rou gh th e m ai l and at newsstands in a few large cities.
(3)Howev er, in 1 93 8 LeRoy Bran nic founded a newspaper distributorship, the
Great Eastern News Corporat ion, in New York City , wit h outlets in cities
throughout the country . (4)It wa s contr olled and operated entirely by African
Am erican s. (5)Brannics compan y put African A merica n newspapers into wide
circulation across the country. (6)Though v iewed as a modern m eans of mass
comm unica tion, newspapers in fact date back to ancient Rome.
(7)Increased circu lation brough t more income with w hich Africa n Am erican
publishers could im prov e production. (8)The Scott Sy ndicate in Atlan ta, Georgia,
was m ass-producin g 3 2 differ ent n ewspapers by th e m id-1 940s. (9)Syndication
offered the adv anta ges of shared news, features, and print ing, each paper still
maintaining contact with its local community through a small staff employ ed
there.
(10)Salar ies rose, and wh ile the older, self-ma de men retained ownership of the
newspapers. (11)College-educat ed report ers began t o join newspaper sta ffs.
(12)Cov erage expanded. (13)Some of th e more succ essful paper s could support
their own foreign correspondents. (14)Increased use of photography in th e
newspapers, m ade possible by the pur chase of expensiv e printin g equipm ent,
mean t m ore work and better salaries for African Am erican photogra phers.
30
Explanation for Correct Answer B :
Choice (B) is correct. T he topic of the passage is the growth of
African American newspapers in the United States. Sentence 6, about
newspapers dating back to ancient Rome, does not address the
specific topic of the passage and so should be deleted.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is unsatisfactory. Sentence 3 describes the founding of a
newspaper distributorship that was controlled and operated entirely
by African Americans. This sentence is directly related to the topic
of the passage, the growth of African American newspapers in the
In order to maintain a logical flow of ideas, which of the following sentences should
be om itted from t he passage?
(A) Sen ten ce 3
(B) Sen ten ce 6
(C) Sen ten ce 9
(D) Sentence 12
(E) Sen ten ce 1 3
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
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United States, and so should not be omitted.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is unsatisfactory. Sentence 9 describes the benefits of
syndication to African American newspapers. This sentence is
directly related to the topic of the passage, the growth of African
American newspapers in the United States, and so should not be
omitted.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is unsatisfactory. Sentence 12 explains that coverage by
African American newspapers expanded. This sentence is directly
related to the topic of the passage, the growth of African American
newspapers in the United States, and so should not be omitted.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is unsatisfactory . Sentence 13 describes how some African
American newspapers could even support foreign correspondents.
This sentence emphasizes the topic of the passage, the growth of
African American newspapers in the United States, and so should not
be omitted.
31
Explanation for Correct Answer D :
Choice (D) is correct. It eliminates the vague pronoun It in
sentence 4 and creates the phrase, Controlled and operated entirely
by African Americans, which appropriately modifies Brannics
company.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
In contex t, w hich of th e following is th e best rev ision of th e under lined port ion of
sentences 4 and 5 (reproduced below)?
I t was controlled and operated entirely by African Americans. Brannics company put
African American newspapers into wide circulation across the country.
(A)It wa s contr olled and operated entirely by African A merica ns, and
Brann ics compan y
(B)It wa s contr olled and operated entirely by African A merica ns, though
Brann ics compan y
(C)Being contr olled and operated entirely by African A merica ns, it was
Brannics company that
(D)Contr olled and operated entirely by African A merica ns, Brannics
company
(E)Brann ics compan y , which w as contr olled and operated entir ely by African
Am erican s, h as
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
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Choice (A) is unsatisfactory. There is nothing in the sentence to
which the pronoun It can logically refer.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is unsatisfactory. There is nothing in the sentence to
which the pronoun It can logically refer. In addition, the
conjunction though produces a coordination error, creating an
inappropriate contrast between the two clauses It was controlled
and operated entirely by African Americans and Brannics
company put African American newspapers into wide circulation
across the country.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is unsatisfactory. Choice (C) results in wordiness. The
words Being, it was, and that are unnecessary and should be
deleted.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is unsatisfactory. Choice (E) results in a tense-shift error.
The past-tense passive verb phrase was controlled and operated
indicates an action that was completed at a specific time in the past.
The present-perfect v erb phrase has put inappropriately indicates
an action that happened at an unspecified time before the present.
32
Explanation for Correct Answer B :
Choice (B) is correct. Sentence 7 explains that through increased
circulation and income, African American publishers could improve
production. Sentence 8 describes T he Scott Syndicate, an example
of a company mass-producing newspapers; therefore, choice (B), the
introductory phrase For example, one company, is most
appropriate.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
In context, which of the following is best placed at the beginn ing of sentence 8
(reproduced below)?
The Scott Syndicate in Atlanta, Georgia, was mass-producing 32 different news papersby the mid-1940s.
(A) Unexpectedly, then,
(B) For example, one company,
(C) Nevertheless,
(D) In short ,
(E) On the other hand,
ANSWERS ANDEXPLANATIONS
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Choice (A) is unsatisfactory. Sentence 7 explains that through
increased circulation and income, African American publishers
could improve production. It is not logical to say T he Scott
Syndicate was mass-producing 32 different newspapers
unexpectedly.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is unsatisfactory. Sentence 7 explains that through
increased circulation and income, African American publisherscould improve production. It is not logical to say that
Nevertheless, or however, T he Scott Sy ndicate was mass-
producing 32 different newspapers. Sentence 8 serves as an
example of the statement made in sentence 7, not a contrast.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is unsatisfactory. Sentence 8 serves as an example of the
idea in sentence 7 . Sentence 8 is not a summary of the idea in
sentence 7, so the introductory phrase In short is inappropriate.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is unsatisfactory. Sentence 8 serves as an example of the
idea in sentence 7 . Sentence 8 is not in contrast with idea in sentence
7, so the introductory phrase On the other hand is inappropriate.
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Explanation for Correct Answer C :
Choice (C) is correct. The modifying phrase beginning with while
allowing each paper to maintain appropriately modifies the main
clause, Syndication offered the advantages of shared news, features,
and printing.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is unsatisfactory. Revising sentence 9 with choice (A)
In context, which is the best v ersion of the un derlined portion of sentence 9
(reproduced below)?
Syndication offered the advantages of s hared new s, features, and printing, each paperstill maintaining co ntact with its local comm unity through a s mall staff employed
there.
(A) printing, and their papers still maintained
(B) printing; instead, each paper still mainta ined
(C) printing, while allowing each paper to maintain
(D) printing, though each paper maintains
(E) printing; each paper will still maintain
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would result in a vague-pronoun error. There is nothing in the
sentence to which the plural possessive pronoun their can logically
refer.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is unsatisfactory. Revising sentence 9 with choice (B)
results in a coordination error. It does not make sense to link the two
complementary ideas in the sentence (Syndication offered the
advantages of shared news, features, and printing and each paperstill maintained contact with its local communitythere) with the
contrasting conjunction instead.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is unsatisfactory. Revising sentence 9 with choice (D)
results in a coordination error. It does not make sense to link the two
complementary ideas in the sentence (Syndication offered the
advantages of shared news, features, and printing and each paper
maintains contact with its local communitythere) with the
contrasting conjunction though.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is unsatisfactory. Revising sentence 9 with choice (E)
results in a tense-shift error. The sentence describes events that
occurred in the past. It does not make sense to say each paper will
still maintain, which is a reference to the future.
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Explanation for Correct Answer B :
Choice (B) is correct. Connecting sentence 1 0 to sentence 11 with a
comma appropriately indicates the three actions Salaries rose, the
older, self-made men retained ownership of the newspapers, and
college-educated reporters began to join newspaper staffs
happened simultaneously.
In context, w hat is the best wa y to deal with sentence 1 0 (reproduced below)?
Salaries rose, and while the older, s elf-made men retained ownership of the
newspapers.
(A) Insert the word had imm ediately before retained.
(B)Connect it t o sentence 1 1 w ith a comm a, cha nging newspapers. College-
educated to newspapers, college-educated.
(C) Switch it with sentence 11 .
(D) Place it immediately before sentence 7 .
(E) Change while to yet.
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Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is unsatisfactory. Revising sentence 10 with choice (A)
results in a sentence fragment. There is no main verb to carry out the
action of the sentence.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is unsatisfactory. Sentence 10 is a fragment, so switching
sentence 10 with sentence 11 is not the best way to deal with sentence10.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is unsatisfactory. Sentence 10 is a fragment, so placing it
immediately before sentence 7 is not the best way to deal with
sentence 10.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is unsatisfactory. Replacing while with yet changes the
meaning of sentence 10. The original intent of sentences 10 and 11 isto indicate that three events happened at the same time (salaries
rose, older men retained ownership of the newspapers, and college-
educated reporters began to join the newspaper staffs). Replacing
while with yet incorrectly implies that older, self-made men
retained ownership of the newspapers despite the fact that salaries
rose.
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Explanation for Correct Answer E :
Choice (E) is correct. Sentence 9 introduces the topic of syndication,
and sentence 10 is about how newspaper-related salaries rose. The
sentence Syndication also created financial prosperity and new
career opportunities for African Americans, which provides more
details on syndication and financial improvements, provides an
appropriate transition between sentences 9 and 10.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
In context, which is the best place t o put the following sentence?
Syndication also created financial prosperity and new career opportunities for African
Americans.
(A) Immediately before sentence 2
(B) Immediately before sentence 5
(C) Immediately before sentence 7
(D) Imm ediately before sentence 8
(E) Immediately before sentence 10
ANSWERS AND
EXPLANATIONS
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Choice (A) is unsatisfactory. The first paragraph provides
information on the history of African American newspapers. It does
not mention syndication. Therefore, it would not make sense to add a
sentence giving additional information about syndication anywhere
in the first paragraph.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is unsatisfactory . T he first paragraph provides
information on the history of African American newspapers. It does
not mention syndication. Therefore, it would not make sense to add a
sentence giving additional information about syndication anywhere
in the first paragraph.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is unsatisfactory. The phrase Syndication also indicates
that the sentence is providing additional information on syndication.
The term syndication is not mentioned until sentence 9, so placing
this sentence immediately before sentence 7 would be inappropriate.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is unsatisfactory. The phrase Syndication also indicates
that the sentence is providing additional information on syndication.
The term syndication is not mentioned until sentence 9, so placing
this sentence immediately before sentence 8 would be inappropriate.
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