THE OCEANS AND LOCAL CLIMATE Susan Howard Research Associate Earth & Space Research .
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Transcript of THE OCEANS AND LOCAL CLIMATE Susan Howard Research Associate Earth & Space Research .
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THE OCEANS AND LOCAL CLIMATE
Susan HowardResearch AssociateEarth & Space Researchwww.esr.org
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Rice Heat Pack
VS. Hot Water Bottle
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• Heating of Earth comes from Sun
• This heating is UNEVEN
• The uneven heating causes the air and
ocean to MOVE
• Because the earth is rotating, the motion
CURVES
REVIEW!
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BASIC ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION
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BASIC OCEAN CIRCULATION
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THE OCEANS AND LOCAL CLIMATE
• Specific Heat
• Heat from Ocean Currents
• Upwelling/Downwelling
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• Definition: Specific heat is how much energy is needed raise the temperature of something.
SPECIFIC HEAT
HIGH the specific heat: heats
up and cools down SLOWLY.
LOW the specific heat: heats
up and cools down QUICKLY.
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Specific Heat of common things:
SPECIFIC HEAT
Material Specific heat
Liquid Water 4.18
Water vapor 2.11
Dry air 1.01
Basalt 0.84
Granite 0.79
Iron 0.45
Lead 0.13
Which heat’s up the quickest?
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Rice Heat Pack
VS. Hot Water Bottle
Has anyone changed their mind?
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The oceans are WATER and have a HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT.
They heat up slowly, but cool off slowly as well.
WHY DO WE CARE?
Oceans have an AMAZING ability to store heat!
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TAKE A LOOK AT ANOTHER TWO LOCATIONS AT NEARLY THE SAME LATITUDE
Nations Online Project: http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/usa_map.htm
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DAILY HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURE
www.unca.edu/~dmiller/Chapter%2003-Air%20Temperature.ppt
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Seattle: High 47 F , Low 37FBismarck: High 23 F , Low 2F
From Weather channel: www.weather.com
Average Jan Temperatures
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The ocean tends to stores heat during the summer months, and slowly releases it during the winter.
This is why coastal regions tend to have milder climates than areas that are far inland.
Continental interiors, far from the ocean, experience greater extremes of temperature than coastal regions
Summer Winter
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OCEAN SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES AT NEAH BAY
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The lowest recorded temperature in Bismarck was -45°F The lowest recorded in Seattle temperature was 10°F
From Weather channel: www.weather.com
The ocean near Seattle helps to keep the temperature more even.
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NO WATER, LARGE EXTREMES
DESERT DAY/NIGHT CYCLE MOVIE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKzWxD0NRNo
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THE WINDY COAST – OCEAN BREEZES EXPLAINED!
http://www.nc-climate.ncsu.edu/edu/k12/.breezes
Daily differences in heating & cooling in land vs water leads to on and offshore breezes!
Day: Land heats up
Night:Land cools down
Ocean is Constant
Ocean is Constant
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SEA BREEZE MOVIE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ULgGOdoY8Q
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THE OCEANS AND LOCAL CLIMATE
• Specific Heat
• Heat from Ocean Currents
• Upwelling/Downwelling
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BASIC OCEAN CIRCULATION
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Some of the currents are moving warm water – and some
are moving cool water
From http://tornado.sfsu.edu/geosciences/classes/m356/OceanCurrents/Global_currents.jpg
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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hu_Ga0JYFNg
CURRENT MOVIE
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North Pacific Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Map.
Water temperature bulletin for the North Pacific on 13 April 2011. Credits: Mercator Ocean.
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North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Map.
North Atlantic sea surface temperature from satellites for January 2008. Source: NOC/UK Met-Office OSTIA data.
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LETS COMPARE TWO PLACE ON THE ATLANTIC OCEAN.
Halifax, Nova Scotia
London, England
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LETS COMPARE TWO PLACES NEAR THE OCEAN
Halifax, Nova Scotia• Latitude 44.67o N• Average Jan temp High 29oF Low 13oF
London, England• Latitude 51.5072° N• Average Jan Temp High 5ooF Low 41oF
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http://www.holiday-weather.com
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LETS COMPARE TWO PLACE NEAR THE OCEAN
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NORTH ATLANTIC TEMPERATURE MAP
2oC = 35.6 oF 10oC = 50 oF
North Atlantic sea surface temperature from satellites for January 2008. Source: NOC/UK Met-Office OSTIA data.
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THE WEST COAST HAS A DIFFERENT CLIMATE THAN THE EAST, PARTLY DUE TO THE OCEAN CURRENTS.
http://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Products/ocean/sst/contour/
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• Gulf stream and Weather movie
EAST COAST WEATHER
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m-zO8L66uyg
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CURRENT OCEAN TEMPERATURE IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
13oC = 55.4oF 9.7oC = 49.46oF
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THE OCEANS AND LOCAL CLIMATE
• Specific Heat
• Ocean currents
• Upwelling/downwelling
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UPWELLING AND DOWNWELLING
Source: http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/qrb/2010_06/article_05.php
Ocean Basics: Temperature is not constant with depth. The deeper you go, the colder it gets!
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THERE ARE MORE NUTRIENTS IN COLD/DEEPER WATER
HIGH Nutrients
LOW Nutrients
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UPWELLING
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UPWELLING
http://solspot.com/content/surf-articles/adam-wright/ocean-science-101-upwelling-downwelling-and-other-random-acts-of-shrinkage
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UPWELLING MOVING
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Al8WrXkLuL4
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http://centerforoceansolutions.org/climate/impacts/ocean-circulation/
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http://agate.coas.oregonstate.edu/ocs/detailed_upwelling.html
http://agate.coas.oregonstate.edu/ocs/detailed_upwelling.html
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UPWELLING AREAS ARE HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE AREAS!
Although coastal upwelling regions account for only one percent of the ocean surface, they contribute roughly 50 percent of the world's fisheries landings.
NOAA: http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02quest/background/upwelling/upwelling.html
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SOMETIMES, WE GET DOWNWELLING TOO
SOURCE: http://www.naylamp.dhn.mil.pe/enlaces/afloramiento_costero.htm
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UPWELLING & DOWNWELLING INFLUENCE :
• Temperature• Fishing• Weather patterns
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THE OCEANS AND LOCAL CLIMATE• Specific Heat: land and ocean differences coastal climate is milder: warmer in winter/cooler in summer
• Heat from Ocean Currents affects a region’s climate
• Upwelling/Downwelling affects temperature as well fish habitat.