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The Occupation of Japan: Arts and Culture: The Proceedings of a Symposium at Norfolk,Virginia, 18-19 October 1984 by Thomas W. BurkmanReview by: Sey NishimuraPacific Historical Review, Vol. 59, No. 4 (Nov., 1990), pp. 583-584Published by: University of California PressStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3640262.

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Reviews f Books 583enemy should recover an empire to the south. The Japanesethemselves, however,had no littlesay in such matters.And it isanother of the merits of Schonberger's work that it brings outthe extenttowhich,vis-a-visradical-reformingnd conservative-capitalistAmericans alike,Japan'sown conservativeelites,theirdomestic position only mildly disturbed during the aftermathofdefeat,were able toprocrastinate, idestep,and manipulate toconsiderable and lastingeffect.Universityf ussex CHRISTOPHER THORNEThe Occupationof Japan:Arts and Culture: The Proceedingsof aSymposiumat Norfolk,Virginia,18-19 October 1984. Edited byThomas W. Burkman(Norfolk,Va., General Douglas MacArthurFoundation, 1988. viii + 262 pp. $13.75)

Since the conference, The Occupation ofJapan: Artsand Culture, tookplace in 1984, Satire under theOccupation:The Case of Political Cartoons by R. Sodei was published inEnglish inH6gakuShirin, XXXII, no. 3/4 1985); and theessenceofJ. Rubin's The Impact of the Occupation on Literature,orLady Chatterleyand Lt. Col. Verness appeared condensed inthe conclusion of his article in Journalof JapaneseStudies,XI,no. 1 (1985). On the otherhand, M. Mayo's The War ofWordsContinues: American Radio Guidance in Occupied Japan addsto her previous work in Americans as Proconsuls,edited byR. Wolfe (1984). Japanese Art under the Occupation, byD. Waterhouse and The Occupation and Japanese Cinema, byK. Hirano are notable for theiroriginal and exactingresearch.Artsand culture in early occupied Japan were under guid-ance by the Civil Information and Education Section (CIE),and censorship by the Civil Censorship Detachment (CCD).Guidance may pass, but censorship is a sensational topic (e.g.,A. Haruhara asserts in The Impact of the Occupation on theJapanese Press that censorship cannot be justifiedunder anycircumstances ). Thus R. M. Spaulding, a formerchief of thePress,Pictorial and BroadcastDivision oftheCCD, was recruitedas thekeynotespeaker of thisconference. The Japanese transla-tionof his presentationhas already appeared in ShinbunKenkyi'(No. 403, Feb. 1985),but here, throughhis commentsmade sub-sequent to his presentation,we perceive better his attitude andideas. He criticizes Japanese revanchist writers nd Westernzealots for the dogma of the inherent evil of censorship; for

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584 PacificHistorical eviewfailure to quantify note by reviewer: based on statistics n theGordon W. Prange Collection, over ninety-ninepercent of thematerial was passed withoutany changes); forperpetuatingthebias that all censors had a military mentality,when most wereactuallycivilians; forconfusingtheCCD withtheCIE and otherorganizations; and forfailingto compare the Allied occupationwithothermilitary occupations, such as Japanese or Soviet sys-temsin theirrespective occupied territoriespp. 12-13).Extreme views regarding the occupation ofJapan diminishin theface of facts.For thisreason, thepresentvolume is signifi-cant, as was the publication of the four previous symposiumproceedings, The Occupation fJapanand ItsLegacyto thePostwarWorld held in 1975), Impact of Legal Reform 1977), EconomicPolicyand Reform1978), and The International ontext1982). Athorough index for all these volumes would make the serieseven more accessible forfutureresearch.UniversityfToronto SEY NISHIMURAGreatBritain nd theUnited tates: pecialRelations inceWorldWarII. By Robert M. Hathaway. (Boston, Twayne Publishers, 1990.xix + 173pp. $22.95 cloth,$12.95 paper)

RobertHathawayhas written studyofAnglo-Americanrelations in the modern era. Unlike his earlier work,AmbiguousPartnership: ritain nd America, 944-1947 hispresentbook sur-veysrelations between London and Washingtonfromthe 1940sto the lastyearof theRonald Reagan administration.Hathawayrecounts the special relationship thatgrewout of thewar andpostwar era, and then discusses the demise of thatpartnershipbecause of events such as the Korean War and Suez Crisis, orbecause of policies such as America's massive retaliation idea.To the British, the author notes with appropriate understate-ment,the slands of Quemoy and Matsu werenot worth globalwar (p. 43). The book is particularlyusefulin tracingthe eventssince the 1960s, for British-Americanarchival sources are lim-ited for this period and scholars generally have left it unex-plored. In the1960srelations declined as Britainwithdrewfromitsformer mperial power status and concentratedon Europeanaffairs,and as the U.S. expanded its war in Southeast Asia.America's preoccupationwith Vietnam contributedto estrangedrelations,which the author feels hit the postwarnadir duringtheJimmyCarter administration: It is now beyond doubt, the

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