The NSF MARGINS Concept

• Interdisciplinary Initiatives developed from community workshops 1988-2000– All “cross the shoreline”– Active processes– Focus Sites concentrate resources

The Machinery:• Independent NSF Panel funds all science proposals:

reviewed, competitive• Steering Committee (MSC) represents Community

– Logistics and coordination: MARGINS Office

Broad focus: evolution of continental margins

www.nsf-margins.org

A Global Program

• All Focus Sites are outside the U.S.• Many have major International Partners• Diverse sets of data

– Onshore and Marine– Geophysical, Geological, Geochemical, …– Archival and Real-time

The program only succeeds through international engagement

• 82 projects, 110 PI’s• $5-6 M/yr

• in all four Initiatives

• Many data types, onland, marine, …

Funding Summary

By Data TypeMarine

Terrestrial

Land-Sea

Experiment& Theory

Geochem-istry

0

5

10

15

20

# of projects

By Data TypeMarine

Terrestrial

Land-Sea

Experiment& Theory

Geochem-istry

0

5

10

15

20

# of projects

(through FY07)

Awards/initiative/year,Grouped by

0

2

4

6

8

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

RCLS2SSEIZESubFac

Initiatives• SubFac: The Subduction Factory

• SEIZE: Seismogenic Zone Experiment

• S2S: Sediment Source to Sink

• RCL: Rupturing Continental Lithosphere

SubFac,SEIZE

RCLSEIZE

SubFac

S2S

Focus Sites

Four Initiatives• How do continents grow?

– composition: The Subduction Factory

– mechanics: Seismogenic Zone Experiment

• How do continental margins change?– material transport: Sediment Source to Sink

– mechanics: Rupturing Continental Lithosphere

Initiatives & Focus Sites

• Production, transport & storage of sediments & solutes from source to sink

• Production, transport & storage of sediments & solutes from source to sink

Sediment Source-to-SInk

S2SGulf of PapuaGulf of Papua Waipaoa, N.Z.Waipaoa, N.Z.

• Nature and genesis of large subduction-zone thrust earthquakes and the faults that make them

Seismogenic Zone

SEIZENankai Nankai Central AmericaCentral America

Initiatives & Focus Sites

• The cycling of material, fluids, and energy from trench to arc and deep earth; growth of continents

Subduction Factory

SubFacCentral AmericaCentral America Izu-Bonin-MarianaIzu-Bonin-Mariana

Allied: Cascadia, Aleutians

• Driving forces for rift initiation, propagation and evolution, from continent to ocean basin

Rupturing Continental Lithosphere

RCL Gulf of California/Salton TroughGulf of California/Salton Trough

Allied: Red Sea

Themes and Initiatives• How do continents grow?

– composition: The Subduction Factory

– mechanics: Seismogenic Zone Experiment

• How do continental margins change?– material transport: Sediment Source to Sink

– mechanics: Rupturing Continental Lithosphere

Central America Izu-Bonin-Marianas

Central America Nankai

Fly/Papua (New Guinea) Waipaoa (New Zealand)

Gulf of California / Salton Trough

Initiatives: SubFacSubduction Factory

SubFac

Central AmericaCentral America

Izu-Bonin-MarianaIzu-Bonin-Mariana

Allied: Cascadia, Aleutians

Major workshops: 1998, 2000Six Site and Topical workshops3 Monographs or Special Issues

Energy, mass & chemical balances; effect on continental growth and evolution

Subduction parameters as forcing functions: production of magma and fluid

Volatile cycles and chemical, physical & biological processes - trench to deep mantle

TUCAN Seismic Deployment

• 48 broadband seismographs

• main lines sample range in volcano geochemistry

• 7/2004 - 3/2006

• BU, Brown, OVSICORI, INETER

SubFac Highlights: Crustal imaging & magmatic additions to arcs

Costa Rica (Holbrook, Lizarralde et al.): onshore 2005, offshore winter 2007-8

Mariana joint US-Japan active/passive imaging: 1st papers

(Takahashi et al., 2006)

IBM 2000-2007:17 funded projects,29 awards

• 4 geophysics • 3 marine geology• 10 geochemistry/petrology

Related MARGINS Efforts• 10 experimental, lab, modeling• 7 relevant workshops (99 - 07)• Anatahan rapid response

Initiatives: SEIZESeismogenic Zone

SEIZE

Controls on seismic energy release during Earthquakes

Temporal relationships among stress, strain, pore fluid pressure thru seismic cycle

Controls on locked, unlocked regions on subduction interface

Propagation, slip rates and distribution of fast, slow, tsunamigenic earthquakesCentral AmericaCentral America

NankaiNankai

Major workshops in 1997, 2003, 2008NanTroSeize drilling started Sept 20072007 Seismogenic Zone Volume

NanTroSEIZE Phase Idrilling started Sept 07

• 2006: 3D site survey

• now: Chikyu non-riser

• soon: many legs

3D imaging: Splay faults & tsunamis

G. Moore et al., in press

Initiatives: S2SSource-to-Sink

Fly-Gulf of PapuaFly-Gulf of Papua

WaipaoaWaipaoa

1st awards 2003Major TEI: 20062 upcoming Special Issuescomplementary CSDMS modeling facility

What controls production, transport & storage of sediments & solutes from source to sink? (tectonics-climate-humans)

What processes initiate erosion & sediment transfer, and what are critical feedbacks?

How do sedimentary processes interact with tectonics, climate & human effects to build a stratigraphic record?

S2S: Waipaoa sediment budget in space and time

Sediment Budget Using 210Pb Accumulation Rates

Pre-settlement

‘Anthropocene’

courtesy S. Kuehl

Human activities & sed. flux

Initiatives: RCL Rupturing Continental Lithosphere

Gulf of California/Salton TroughGulf of California/Salton Trough

Allied: Red Sea; Focus Site pre-2006

Major workshops: 2000, 20062 thematic MonographsAGU workshop 2007

What forces drive rift initiation, propagation and evolution?

How does deformation vary in time & space, and why?

How does crust evolve, physically & chemically, as rifting proceeds to spreading?

What is role of magmatism and fluids in continental extension?

RCL/Gulf of CA 2000-2007

• GoC: 8 (19) projects (awards) • others: 7 (11)

(Red Sea, Lab, …)

• 5 major workshops 00-07

Special Volumes and BooksCentral American Subduction System (Alvarado, Hoernle & Silver, eds.) Special Theme G-Cubed, accepting contributions 2007-2008

Waipaoa S2S (Kuehl & Carter, eds.) Spec. Issue Marine Geology, Expected Publication late 2008

Papuan Continuum: S2S (Nittrouer, Slingerland, & Dickens, eds.) Spec. Issue JGR-Earth Surface, publ. winter 2007-2008

Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica, Special Issue (Gill, Reagan, Tepley & Malavassi, eds.) J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 2006

2003 Anatahan Eruption Special Issue (Hilton, Pallister & Pua, eds.) J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 2005

The Seismogenic Zone of Subduction Thrust Faults (Dixon & Moore, eds.), Columbia Univ. Press, Sept. 2007.

Imaging …. Continental Lithosphere Extension and Breakup (Karner, Manatschal & Pinheiro, eds.), Geol. Soc. SP 282, 2007.

Rheology and Deformation of Lithosphere at Continental Margins (Karner, Taylor, Driscoll & Kohlstedt, eds.), Columbia U. Press, 2004.

Inside the Subduction Factory (Eiler, ed.), AGU Monogr. 138, 2004.

Nature/Science papers: International Partnerships & MARGINS-funded work

Nature, in press, Dec. 2007

Geochemical and Geophysical Evidence for Arc-Parallel Flow in the Mantle Wedge Beneath Costa Rica and NicaraguaK. Hoernle1,2, D. L. Abt3, K. M. Fischer3, H. Nichols1, F. Hauff2, G. A. Abers4, P. van den Bogaard1,2, K. Heydolph1, G. Alvarado5, J. M. Protti6, W. Strauch7

RCLPESCADOR

MexicoU.K.

SEIZENanTroSEIZE

Japan

SubFacTUCAN

GermanyCosta RicaNicaragua

Events in 2007• New projects funded in all Initiatives

– As of FY07: 138 grants, 85 projects, ~110 PI’s

• Science Progress– Start of NanTroSEIZE Drilling– Special Volumes & Issues– several major papers from MARGINS-funded data

• Major workshops– March, Monterey: EarthScope/Geoswath coordination

– April, Arlington VA: Mini-Lesson Development

– May, Kiel: International Data Access (with R2k, InterMARGINS...)

– June, Costa Rica: Central America Synthesis (with SFB-574)

– Nov, Honolulu: IBM Integration & Synthesis (with IFREE)

– Dec, San Francisco: RCL Future

• CCLI-undergraduate Mini-Lesson program starts– Organizers: C. Manduca, D. Reed, J. Ryan, MARGINS

Coming Up in 2008

• Workshops – September, Portland: The SEIZE Decade (proposed)

– April, Arlington VA: Steering Committee / Planning

– Planning/Review: stay tuned… (www.nsf-margins.org)

• Year 3 Distinguished Lecture Program– ~65 schools applied– 8 speakers, visiting half

• Continued Educational Program Growth – web-based Mini-Lessons (Ryan, Reed, Manduca)

2009 Decadal Review

• MARGINS has a 10-year Science Plan

• Required: Review– demonstrate success of coordinated program– foster synthesis

• Optional: Build a successor program– what big questions drive future research?– is a focused program needed, why not rely

upon core funding?– how should program be structured?

2007 Workshops

Thanks to many Organizers…

Office Activities• Recent & Planned Workshops

– Sept. 2006: S2S TEI, Teleconnections– March 2007: Joint EarthScope/MARGINS activities– June 2007: Costa Rica Focus Site (with German SFB574)– Nov. 2007: IBM Focus Site (with JAMSTEC/IFREE)– Mini-Workshops at AGU 2007: RCL Future, Data Tutorial– Sept. 2008 SEIZE Initiative TEI

• Web Page, Newsletter, NSF Panel, etc.