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The Nose & Palate

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The Nose

The passageway between outside (ant.) & nasopharynx (post.)

Covered by:

skin: out

M.M.: inside

(what type ?)

2 parts:

External Nose

Nasal Cavity

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External Nose

Consists of

Bone:

Frontal process of ??

Nasal bone

Cartilage:Upper lateral

Lower lateral

(med. & lat. Crura)Septal

Lesser alar

Contains 2 openings (Nostrils or nares)

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Nasal Septum

Separates the 2 halves

Formed by:

perpendicular plate of ethmoid (superopost.)

Vomer bone (inferopost.)

Septal cartilage (ant.)

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Nasal Cavity

Extends from nostrils to post. aspect of the conchae

Divides by nasal septum into 2 cavities

Boundaries

lat. Wall:

Vestibule

ant. Aspect of Nasal cavity

lined with?

3 Nasal Conchae

Sup., Mid. & Inf.

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Med. Wall:

Nasal septum

Roof (Sup.):

body of sphenoid

Cribriform plate of ?

FrontalNasal

Floor (Inf.):

Bony hard palate(??)

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Nasal Conchae & Meatuses

Conchae: bony elevations that project inf. Like scrolls

3 (sup., mid., inf.,)

from?

Beneath each concha is

a meatus(passage)

Sup. Meatus:

??

Mid. Meatus:??

Inf. Meatus:

??

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Spheno-Ethmoidal Recess

Space above sup. Concha

Between:

sphenoid & ethmoid bones

* Receives:??

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Arterial Blood Supply

Rich area of Bld. Supply

1. Sphenopalatine a.:

terminal branch of ?

enters through????

supply:

lat. Wall

& ??

2. Sup. Labial a.:from?

supply:

??

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3. Ethmoidal a.:ant. & post.from?

4. Greater Palatine a.:from descending palatine a.supply:

??

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Venous Drainage

Through Nasal venous plexus within submucosa

Drains into:

Facial Vein (ant.)

Pterygoid Venous Plexus

(post.)

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Epistaxis (Nasal Bleeding)

Causes: many (picking

systemic)

Location:

most commonly in antero-inferior part of Nasal septum

from septal branches of: ???

Rx.: promoting bld. Clot through:

- packing nasal cavity with

absorbent material

- direct pressure on ext. nose

(~10 min), with the head at ??

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Innervation of Nasal Cavity

Special Sensation

Olfactory Nerve (I)

smell

olfactory epithelium located ?

General Sensation:

Max. N. (V2)

Ophthalmic (V1)

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Paranasal Sinuses

Air-containing spaces within cranial bones

Lined with respiratory epithelium in life (which type?)

Suggested Fxn.s:

1. reduce skull weight

2. voice modification (resonators)

3. insulation effect:

prevent heat loss from nasal cavity

Read Your Text for Complete description of these sinuses

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Sinusitis & Meningitis

Pus-producing infections within ?? & ?? Air sinuses (Sinusitis)

risk of erosion into cranial cavity in children(because of thin & soft bony septa)

Leading into infection of the meninges (meningitis)

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Intracranial Surgery & Sphenoid Sinus

Str. At the base of the brain (pituitary gland & optic nerve)Can be approached surgically through sphenoid sinus:

Between upper lip & maxilla

Lat. Side of nasal cavity

(until spheno-ethmoidal recess)

Sphenoid sinus

Drilling the roof of the sinus

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The Palate

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Consists of hard & soft parts

Hard Palate:

ant. 2/3 or 3/4

formed by ?

it forms the floor of ??

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Soft Palate

Fibromuscular fold covered with mucosa & attached to post.

Border of Hard palate

Post. 1/3 or 3/4

Composed of:

-M.M.: covers the surfaces

- Palatine aponeurosis

fibrous sheet that representsexpanded tendon of ??

- Muscles: 5 m.

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Muscles of The Soft Palate

(Read the table in your book)

Tensor veli palatini

forms P. aponeurosis

Levator veli palatini

Palatoglossus m.

forms ?

Palatopharyngeus m.

forms ?Musculus uvulae

elevates uvula

Uvula: a conical projection from post. Border of soft P.

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Arterial Blood Supply

1. Descending palatine a.:

from ?

divides into:

greater & lesser P. a.

2. Ascending palatine a.:

from facial a.

3. Ascending pharyngealartery

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Innervation to The Palate

Greater palatine n.

from V2

enters through ?

supply: ??

Lesser palatine n.

from V2

enters through ?

supply: ??

Nasopalatine n.from V2enters through ?supply: ??

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Structures on The Palate

Palatine Rugae:

provide rough surface on 1

o

palate

Suggested Fnx.:

- in speech:

- in preparation of food forswallowing

Vibrating Line:

The boundary between ?? of ??

Lies at short distance behind ??

* post. Edge of upper denture should be ??

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Cleft Palate

A developmental anomaly due to failure of palatine processes of

maxilla to fuse in the midline

This allows air, liquids or even food to pass from mouth to nose orvice versa

Prevalence:

~ 1 / 1000 (??)

Complications:

- Sucking & swallowing problems

In newborns

- Speech difficulties later on

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4 degrees of cleft palate

1st :cleft uvula

2nd:

+ cleft of 2o palate

3rd:

+ cleft on one side of 1o

palate

4th:

+ cleft on both sides of

1o palate